Why Mark Zuckerberg cares about immigration reform By Hayley Tsukayama, Published: April 12 Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg launched a new organization, called Fwd.us, Thursday to advocate for immigration reform in the United States.
Zuckerberg unveiled the group in an op-ed in The Washington Post.
The group wants Congress to overhaul the country’s approach to immigration. Here’s a quick look at what the group is all about.
Fwd.usという団体が木曜日に設立されたのであのような寄稿をしたようですね。to advocate for immigration reform in the United States と2009年にTOEICでも出題されたadvocate forという表現が使われています。
この記事ではFwd.usという団体のメンバーや賛同者、団体の目的などを説明してくれていますが、やはり個人的な一番の疑問はIT企業の経営陣がどうして移民政策に積極的に関与しようとしているかです。Why do they care?のところで説明してくれています。
Why do they care? Immigration reform is an issue near and dear to the tech industry, which has repeatedly complained that the current system restricts U.S. companies’ ability to recruit and retain high-quality engineering and programming talent.
Tech industry groups have thrown support behind congressional legislation that would boost the number of H-1B visas — visas given to highly skilled workers — issued each year and that would grant permanent residency status to students who earn graduate degrees in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields.
Outlining those priorities in his Post op-ed, Zuckerberg said that the United States should not “kick out” math and science graduates from American universities who are not U.S. citizens. He also questioned why the United States doesn’t allow foreign entrepreneurs to move here to start technology companies — an idea proposed in a bill from Sen. Jerry Moran (R-Kan.) called the “Startup Act 3.0,” which promotes the creation of an “entrepreneur’s visa.”
やはり予想した通りthe current system restricts U.S. companies’ ability to recruit and retain high-quality engineering and programming talentとありますので、有能なIT人材の確保が喫緊の課題としてあるようです。
でも有能なIT人材の確保は国の経済力の発展に寄与するでしょうから、反対する必要はあるのでしょうか。この政策推進がどうして議論されているのかは次のWhy is this issue controversial?で詳しく書いてくれています。
Why is this issue controversial? The tech industry makes a clear arguments for why they think the H-1B visa program is a good thing, but it has plenty of detractors.
Critics who refer to the H-1B as the “outsourcing visa” argue that American companies use the program to bring foreign-born workers to the United States for training and then send them back to countries such as India to do the same work at a lower cost.
Others have questioned whether the H-1B visa program is biased against women. In a congressional hearing last month, Karen Panetta of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers asked members of Congress to delay any reforms until the Department of Homeland Security responds to her request for a gender breakdown of the program. Panetta said she believes the majority of these visas go to men.
国連英検の問題集で少し気になる部分があったので、記事にしました。イランの核開発についての長文エッセイで以下の部分のNo option is off the table.という表現です。解説の間違いの指摘というよりもNo option is off the table.は外交でよく使われるのでより正確な意味を覚えてもらいたいという意味で書かせてもらいます。
Seymour Hersh, a widely trusted American investigative journalist credited for the exposure of prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib, has now disclosed that the Bush White House is seriously considering the deployment of nuclear weapons against Iran. Ominously, Condoleezza Rice, the US secretary of state, has declared: "No option is off the table. No one is ready for a nuclear Iran. The Iranians must understand that."
問題ではNo option is (80)-------と空欄補充のようになっており、解説ではoff the tableを「テーブル（交渉の席）から外れている」と訳して以下のように説明していました。
下線部のある文の主語は”No option”（選択肢はない）であり、それに続く文が” No one is ready for a nuclear Iran.”であることから、「テーブルに乗らない選択肢はない」、つまり「どんな選択肢もありうる」という意味になるBが最も適切である。
No optionとあるので分かりにくいですが、これにはmilitary optionも含まれると考えるとこの表現の意味がはっきりするでしょう。2008年にオバマ氏が大統領候補だった頃のコメントでwe will never take military options off the tableとありました。
October 7 2008, in the second presidential debate: "We cannot allow Iran to get a nuclear weapon. It would be a game-changer in the region. Not only would it threaten Israel, our strongest ally in the region and one of our strongest allies in the world, but it would also create a possibility of nuclear weapons falling into the hands of terrorists. And so it's unacceptable. And I will do everything that's required to prevent it. And we will never take military options off the table,"
今週もケリー国務長官が“No option is off the table. No option will be taken off the table,”とまさにこの表現と使ってイランとの核開発交渉についてコメントしていました。
Kerry pledges support for Israel against Iran threat By TOVAH LAZAROFF, GREER FAY CASHMAN04/08/2013 20:40 US secretary of state meets Peres in J'lem, says talks with Tehran won't prevent necessary steps to prevent Iranian nuclear weapon.
US Secretary of State John Kerry warned Iran on Monday that his country would not hesitate to take military action if the diplomatic process failed to prevent Tehran from continuing its drive for nuclear weapons.
“No option is off the table. No option will be taken off the table,” he said during a joint press conference with President Shimon Peres in Jerusalem. Kerry is in Israel on a three-day visit. “And I confirm to you, Mr. President, that we will continue to seek a diplomatic solution. But our eyes are open, and we understand that the clock is moving. And no one will allow the diplomatic process to stand in the way of whatever choices need to be made to protect the world from yet another nuclear weapon in the wrong hands,” Kerry said.
この記事のリード部分にhis country would not hesitate to take military action if the diplomatic process failedとあるように“No option is off the table. “とあれば軍事行動を取ることもありうることを示すということです。疑り深い人は別の箇所でケリー国務長官がもっとはっきり述べたのではないかと思うかもしれませんが、以下がその箇所です。military actionのようにはっきりと述べている部分はありませんね。
Remarks With Israeli President Shimon Peres Before Their Meeting Remarks John Kerry Secretary of State President's Residence Jerusalem April 8, 2013 With respect to Iran and other threats, I am very pleased to confirm to you what I know you know, and what I hope the people of Israel know after the historic visit of President Obama here: You have a friend in President Obama. You have friends in this Administration, in the Congress, and in America. We understand the nature of the threat of Iran. And as the President has said many times – he doesn’t bluff; he is serious – we will stand with Israel against this threat and with the rest of the world, who have underscored that all we are looking for is Iran to live up to its international obligations.
No option is off the table. No option will be taken off the table. And I confirm to you, Mr. President, that we will continue to seek a diplomatic solution. But our eyes are open, and we understand that the clock is moving. And no one will allow the diplomatic process to stand in the way of whatever choices need to be made to protect the world from yet another nuclear weapon in the wrong hands.
So I look forward to our conversation, and I’ll look forward to my subsequent conversations while I’m here. And I’m confident, Mr. President, that we will be working together and seeing more of each other over the course of these next months. And thank you again for a very, very generous welcome.
昨年の2012年一般教書演説でオバマ大統領はI will take no options off the table to achieve that goal.とイランに対して同じような警告的なメッセージを出していました。
Look at Iran. Through the power of our diplomacy, a world that was once divided about how to deal with Iran’s nuclear program now stands as one. The regime is more isolated than ever before; its leaders are faced with crippling sanctions, and as long as they shirk their responsibilities, this pressure will not relent.
27秒あたり Let there be no doubt: America is determined to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon, and I will take no options off the table to achieve that goal.
But a peaceful resolution of this issue is still possible, and far better, and if Iran changes course and meets its obligations, it can rejoin the community of nations.
この演説に対してBut the president’s direct warning, including the vow to use military force if necessaryとありますから、No options off the tableとあればこのような文脈では「軍事行動も辞さない」と意味すると考えた方がいいでしょう。
President Obama finally sends a strong message to Iran By Michael Goodwin Published February 06, 2012 New York Post “Let there be no doubt: America is determined to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon, and I will take no options off the table to achieve that goal,” Obama said to great applause. Whew.
It’s a relief for several reasons. Although other aides recently sounded hawkish, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton once talked about what America would do “after” Iran got the bomb. History teaches that weakness begets aggression, and mixed signals are a form of weakness. Presidential clarity was essential if only so Iran would not blunder into a conflict it didn’t expect.
But the president’s direct warning, including the vow to use military force if necessary, was mostly intended to reassure antsy allies.
TOEICも近づいているので、釣りタイトルをつけてみました。といってもちょっと関係しています。サッチャー首相の名演説として必ずあげられていた1980年のThe lady's not for turningの演説。下記の動画の説明文ではpun（だじゃれ）と評していますね。
Beleagured Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher makes pun during the 1981 Conservative Party conference speech
To those waiting with bated breath for that favourite media catchphrase, the 'U-turn', I have only one thing to say: "You turn if you want to. The lady's not for turning.”
U-turnとyou turnをかけたことが面白いと思っていたのですが、The lady's not for turningも演劇のタイトルをもじったものだったのですね。まあ、この演劇については以下で紹介するものでサッチャーもこの劇を知らなかった、聴衆もこの劇のタイトルにかけたことはピンとこなかったのではと冷静に分析しています。
You turn if you want to.の部分は「お望みなら、あなた方が転換しなさい」 とするのが普通の訳ですが、U-turnとyou turnとの音を似せたくて「言ったあなたが転換しなさい」と訳してみました。暇人ですよねえ（苦笑）「言った」の部分をゆっくり強調して読んでください（爆）
（公式実戦のTEST9の32） Why was the festival date changed? - They're predicting rain.
ちなみにYou turn if you want to.でturnを強調して読めば、このまま継続するのではなく「転換する」のだというニュアンスになるのでしょう。まあ、大きな意味の違いはでないかもしれませんが、批判へのあてこすりの効果を最大限出したければyouを強調するのが一番なのでしょう。
ネットは凄いですね。イギリス政府による政策の「Uターン」について書いてくださっている記事がありました。U-turnとyou turnをかけたことよりも"The lady's not for turning"として記憶されているのですね。ウィキペディアにも載っていました。
21 June 2012 vol.1357 30回以上も政策を撤回・修正 イギリス政府による政策の「Uターン」について 「The lady's not for turning」 マーガレット・サッチャー元首相が、政権初期の1980年に、イングランド南部ブライトンで開かれた保守党の党大会での演説で述べた言葉。「私は政策のUターンをしない」という意味。当時、同元首相が推進していたインフレ抑制策に反対し、Uターンをすることを期待する人々に向けて述べたもので、あくまで自らの政策を追求する姿勢を明確にした。このときの演説の原稿を執筆したのは脚本家のロナルド・ミラー氏で、この有名な台詞は、1940年代に初演されたクリストファー・フライ氏脚本の劇のタイトル「The Lady's Not For Burning」をもじったもの。
（英語版ウィキペディア） "The lady's not for turning" was a phrase used by Margaret Thatcher, then Prime Minister, in her speech to the Conservative Party Conference on 10 October 1980. The term has thus been applied as a name to the speech in its entirety. It is considered a defining speech in Thatcher's political development [1] becoming something of a Thatcherite motto.[2]
The phrase made reference to Thatcher's refusal to perform a 'U-turn' in response to opposition to her liberalisation of the economy, which some commentators and Ted Heath had urged,[3] mainly due to the fact that unemployment had risen to 2 million by the autumn of 1980 from 1.5 million the previous year and the economy was in recession,[4] exceeding 3 million by the time the recession ended in 1982.[5]
It was written by the playwright Sir Ronald Millar, who had been Thatcher's speech-writer since 1973, and was a pun on the 1948 play The Lady's Not for Burning by Christopher Fry, although Thatcher missed the reference herself.[6][7] Millar had intended the 'you turn if you want to' line, which preceded it, to be the most popular, and it received an ovation itself, but it was 'the lady's not for turning' that received the headlines.[6]
The speech as a whole was very warmly received at the conference, and received a five-minute standing ovation.[3]
The Lady's Not For Burningから丁寧に紹介してくださっているサイト記事は以下です。とても勉強になります。引用した最後の部分 「この名演説、実は脚本家のロナルド・ミラーが書いたもので、サッチャー首相自身はこの演劇を知らず、教えてもらうまで掛詞になっていることも気づかなかったという。」とあるとなんだかほっとします（苦笑）
2011.4.18 ほんの世界はへんな世界 第三十三回 TAKAMIIYA'S ESSAYS ON THE BOOK (No.33 サッチャー英国首相も用いた「この女焚刑に及ばず」 The Lady's Not For Burning (1948) とは、1948年に劇作家Christopher Fry (1907-2005) がロンドンの劇壇で才能を認められた、有名な詩劇である。20世紀前半の英語劇は散文で書かれて人気が続いた中で、先輩のT. S. エリオットと並んで詩劇を復活させたフライの功績は大きいはずだが、わが国ではさほど扱われることは多くない。最近の英国映画『17歳の肖像』の脚本のもとになったジャーナリスト、リン・バーバーのメモワールAn Education (2009)を読んでいたら、1960年代冒頭ロンドン郊外の女学校でこの芝居『この女焚刑に及ばず』を演じていたことがわかり、我が家にある原作を久しぶりに手にとってみた。因みに、ヘップバーンの再来と騒がれているキャリー・マリガンが主人公を演じるこの映画では、芝居をするではなくオーケストラでバイオリンを弾く設定に変えられている。
「この女焚刑に及ばず」の一文は、1980年10月10日、ブライトンで開催された英国保守党の年次大会で、当時のマーガレット・サッチャー首相が演説に用いて、一世を風靡した。既に伝説になったそのときの模様は、YouTubeで見ることができる。党内から急進的な政策を転換するように求められていたサッチャー首相は「ひと言だけ申し上げます。お望みなら、あなた方が転換しなさい」 "You turn, if you want to."と言って、同志たちから拍手喝采を受けた。その後 "The Lady's not for turning."と言明したのである。The Ladyとは自ら認めたthe Iron Lady「鉄の女」の意味である。いうまでもなくburning とturningが掛詞になっている。もちろんUターンしない、という彼女の強い意思の表明であった。
ザッカーバーグさんも移民の家系で前の世代よりも今の世代がより良い暮らしを実現していくといったアメリカンドリームを体現していっていることを語っています。これに加えて現在は知識社会なのだから有能な人材の確保こそが重要なことだと主張します。 This is, after all, the American story. My great-grandparents came through Ellis Island. My grandfathers were a mailman and a police officer. My parents are doctors. I started a company. None of this could have happened without a welcoming immigration policy, a great education system and the world’s leading scientific community that created the Internet.
Today’s students should have the same opportunities — but our current system blocks them.
We have a strange immigration policy for a nation of immigrants. And it’s a policy unfit for today’s world.
The economy of the last century was primarily based on natural resources, industrial machines and manual labor. Many of these resources were zero-sum and controlled by companies. If someone else had an oil field, then you did not. There were only so many oil fields, and only so much wealth could be created from them.
Today’s economy is very different. It is based primarily on knowledge and ideas — resources that are renewable and available to everyone. Unlike oil fields, someone else knowing something doesn’t prevent you from knowing it, too. In fact, the more people who know something, the better educated and trained we all are, the more productive we become, and the better off everyone in our nation can be.
これを受けて具体的な提言も書いています。
We need a new approach, including:
●Comprehensive immigration reform that begins with effective border security, allows a path to citizenship and lets us attract the most talented and hardest-working people, no matter where they were born.
●Higher standards and accountability in schools, support for good teachers and a much greater focus on learning about science, technology, engineering and math.
●Investment in breakthrough discoveries in scientific research and assurance that the benefits of the inventions belong to the public and not just to the few.
Changes like these won’t happen on their own.
That’s why I am proud to announce FWD.us, a new organization founded by leaders of our nation’s technology community to focus on these issues and advocate a bipartisan policy agenda to build the knowledge economy the United States needs to ensure more jobs, innovation and investment.
以下はFWD.usのサイトにある説明の抜粋です。支援者の一人に、ヤフーCEOのメリッサマイヤーやグーグル会長のエリックシュミットなども名を連ねています。 Our Team FWD.us is an advocacy organization created to promote policies that will lead to a more advanced workforce and stronger knowledge economy in the U.S. Our organization is backed by a diverse group of leading innovators, job creators, business owners and founders from Silicon Valley’s tech sector.
Earliest evidence for the use of pottery O. E. Craig, H. Saul, A. Lucquin, Y. Nishida, K. Taché, L. Clarke, A. Thompson, D. T. Altoft, J. Uchiyama, M. Ajimoto, K. Gibbs, S. Isaksson, C. P. Heron & P. Jordan Nature (2013) doi:10.1038/nature12109 Received 31 January 2013 Accepted 20 March 2013 Published online 10 April 2013 Pottery was a hunter-gatherer innovation that first emerged in East Asia between 20,000 and 12,000 calibrated years before present1, 2 (cal BP), towards the end of the Late Pleistocene epoch, a period of time when humans were adjusting to changing climates and new environments. Ceramic container technologies were one of a range of late glacial adaptations that were pivotal to structuring subsequent cultural trajectories in different regions of the world, but the reasons for their emergence and widespread uptake are poorly understood. The first ceramic containers must have provided prehistoric hunter-gatherers with attractive new strategies for processing and consuming foodstuffs, but virtually nothing is known of how early pots were used. Here we report the chemical analysis of food residues associated with Late Pleistocene pottery, focusing on one of the best-studied prehistoric ceramic sequences in the world, the Japanese Jōmon. We demonstrate that lipids can be recovered reliably from charred surface deposits adhering to pottery dating from about 15,000 to 11,800 cal BP (the Incipient Jōmon period), the oldest pottery so far investigated, and that in most cases these organic compounds are unequivocally derived from processing freshwater and marine organisms. Stable isotope data support the lipid evidence and suggest that most of the 101 charred deposits analysed, from across the major islands of Japan, were derived from high-trophic-level aquatic food. Productive aquatic ecotones were heavily exploited by late glacial foragers3, perhaps providing an initial impetus for investment in ceramic container technology, and paving the way for further intensification of pottery use by hunter-gatherers in the early Holocene epoch. Now that we have shown that it is possible to analyse organic residues from some of the world’s earliest ceramic vessels, the subsequent development of this critical technology can be clarified through further widespread testing of hunter-gatherer pottery from later periods.
First Evidence of Pottery Used for Cooking by Sid Perkins on 10 April 2013, 1:15 PM | 0 Comments Share on email EmailShare on print Print|Share on facebookShare on twitterShare on redditShare on stumbleuponMore Sharing Services More
Flakes of charred material scraped from shards of ancient pots are the earliest direct evidence of pottery use for cooking, a new study suggests. Possibly the biggest surprise, scientists say, is that these prehistoric chefs weren't part of an early agricultural community, and they weren't cooking grain: They were hunter-gatherers who lived in Japan during the waning phases of the last ice age, and they were apparently boiling up a seafood stew.
今回魚などを調理したと結論づけたのはfatty acidsが見つかり、これはwhich typically derive from oils naturally found in freshwater and sea-dwelling organisms such as fish and marine mammalsだからとあります。些細なディテールから推論していくんですね。 First, the team looked at the ratios of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the charred scrapings. Although the ratios varied widely, the nitrogen isotope ratios in more than 75% of the samples suggested that the pots had been used to cook aquatic creatures, most likely fish, at or near the top level of their food chain. Detailed analyses of larger samples taken from 57 pots and shards at two of the sites revealed that nearly one-third of the scrapings included fatty acids, which typically derive from oils naturally found in freshwater and sea-dwelling organisms such as fish and marine mammals, the researchers report online today in Nature. Such substances result only from the oils' prolonged exposure to high temperature—a strong sign that the vessels had been used for cooking, Craig says.
農民ではなくhunter-gatherersとしているのも興味深い点ですが、発見場所が内陸寄りだったので、鮭かもしれないと推測しているのですね。 The shapes of the pot fragments suggest that most of the vessels had volumes between 1 and 4 liters, he says. It's possible that the Japanese hunter-gatherers were cooking fish, shellfish, or even marine mammals caught along the coast. However, considering that the sites were some distance inland, it's also possible that the itinerants were catching and cooking migratory fish such as salmon, which spend much of their lives in the sea and then swim upstream to spawn.
The new findings are starting to broaden the view of late ice age hunters, once thought of as chiefly chasing big game such as mammoths, says Simon Kaner, an archaeologist at the University of East Anglia in Norwich, U.K. "This suggests they were exploiting a range of resources," he notes, possibly including some that were available only during certain seasons.
Earliest fish stews were cooked in Japan during last ice age, experts say Wakasa History and Folklore Museum, Fukui, Japan Early humans were cooking fish 12,000 years ago in pots like this reconstructed early vessel from Torihama, Japan. By Nidhi Subbaraman Cooking pots would have come in handy as early humans struggled to survive during the last ice age. "It seems like pottery in Japan was innovated during the coldest periods, which is what you might expect," Craig says. Because the oldest pots from the Jomon sites, the pots that date back 15,000 years, are fairly rare, he guesses that fish stewing may have been part of a feasting ritual.
If that's true, the clay vessels didn't merely serve a functional role as cooking vessels. They also brought people together. "I would say that through most of human history, eating has always been an important social activity," Simon Kaner, head of the Center for Archaeology and Heritage at the Sainsbury Institute for the Study of Japanese Arts and Cultures, told NBC News.
といっても今回の記事はほんの小ネタで、米国での社会主義、共産主義への嫌悪感を感じ取れるエピソードになるか分かりませんが、震災後の日本を旅してエッセイや詩にまとめたGretel Ehrichさんの講演からです。彼女の本Facing the Waveを読んでいますが、詩人らしい感性で被災地を回っていてとても好感が持てる本です。この本についてはまた改めてご紹介したいと思います。
（5分45秒） In the news they talk about these people being resilient but it's much more than that. It was based on what a Shinto priest says, WA which is, with it that means together living a sort of collective ideal of society. We’re not not talking about communism here. We’re talking about a very ancient, ancient, ancient pastral, rural, agricultural collective that comes from China and Korea.
And the Buddhist concept of shunyata which means emptiness, which means that the whole society is based on the sense of beauty framed by impermanence and that because they live on the seismicly active islands, a group of eigh islands.
We’re not not talking about communism here.と補足しているだけですが、日本の和は共産主義とは違うんですよ、と訂正してつけ加えています。彼女は米国の聴衆が日本の和の暮らしに悪いイメージを持たないようにこの訂正を付け加えたのではないかとふと思ったのです。あまり読みこみ過ぎるのもよくありませんが、こういう何気ない説明を見ても、社会主義、共産主義にはいい印象をもっていないことをうかがい知ることができると思います。
あと別件になりますが、Ehrichさんは仏教にも造詣が深いそうでthe Buddhist concept of shunyata which means emptinessと語っていますね。日本語では「空」となるようですが、サンスクリット語ではshunyataなんですね。
（ウィキペディア） Śūnyatā Śūnyatā, (Sanskrit, also shunyata; Pali: suññatā), in Buddhism, translated into English as emptiness, openness, thusness, refers to the absence of inherent existence in all phenomena, and it is complementary to the Buddhist concepts of not-self (Pāli: anatta, Sanskrit: anātman)[note 1] and dependent origination.
Margaret Thatcher and misapplied death etiquette The dictate that one 'not speak ill of the dead' is (at best) appropriate for private individuals, not influential public figures Glenn Greenwald guardian.co.uk, Monday 8 April 2013 15.41 BS News of Margaret Thatcher's death this morning instantly and predictably gave rise to righteous sermons on the evils of speaking ill of her. British Labour MP Tom Watson decreed: "I hope that people on the left of politics respect a family in grief today." Following in the footsteps of Santa Claus, Steve Hynd quickly compiled a list of all the naughty boys and girls "on the left" who dared to express criticisms of the dearly departed Prime Minister, warning that he "will continue to add to this list throughout the day". Former Tory MP Louise Mensch, with no apparent sense of irony, invoked precepts of propriety to announce: "Pygmies of the left so predictably embarrassing yourselves, know this: not a one of your leaders will ever be globally mourned like her."
This demand for respectful silence in the wake of a public figure's death is not just misguided but dangerous. That one should not speak ill of the dead is arguably appropriate when a private person dies, but it is wildly inappropriate for the death of a controversial public figure, particularly one who wielded significant influence and political power. "Respecting the grief" of Thatcher's family members is appropriate if one is friends with them or attends a wake they organize, but the protocols are fundamentally different when it comes to public discourse about the person's life and political acts. I made this argument at length last year when Christopher Hitchens died and a speak-no-ill rule about him was instantly imposed (a rule he, more than anyone, viciously violated), and I won't repeat that argument today; those interested can read my reasoning here.
Exactly the same is true of Thatcher. There's something distinctively creepy - in a Roman sort of way - about this mandated ritual that our political leaders must be heralded and consecrated as saints upon death. This is accomplished by this baseless moral precept that it is gauche or worse to balance the gushing praise for them upon death with valid criticisms. There is absolutely nothing wrong with loathing Margaret Thatcher or any other person with political influence and power based upon perceived bad acts, and that doesn't change simply because they die. If anything, it becomes more compelling to commemorate those bad acts upon death as the only antidote against a society erecting a false and jingoistically self-serving history.
小泉首相が海外での評価が高く、国内では格差拡大の首謀者として捉えられているように、サッチャーさんも評価は二分されているようで、特に英国内の左派からは人気がないようです。社説を見ても、保守寄りのテレグラフの社説は手放しでほめていますが、左派のガーディアンはお亡くなりになった直後にもかかわらずpublic division, private selfishness and a cult of greedと辛口評価です。
Margaret Thatcher remade modern Britain. Her list of achievements is as long as it is extraordinary. As US President Barack Obama observed on Monday, she shattered the last glass ceiling, rising to be the first woman to lead one of the major western democracies. Her legacy – taming trade unions, rolling back the state, standing tall against communism – made her a politician of global significance.
As prime minister, Thatcher was the most remarkable peacetime leader since Gladstone. She reversed the sense of national decline, and remains the figure against whom all successive British politicians should be measured. She redefined leadership.
OPINIONApril 8, 2013, 7:33 p.m. ET The World-Changing Margaret Thatcher Not since Catherine the Great has there been a woman of such consequence. By PAUL JOHNSON Margaret Thatcher had more impact on the world than any woman ruler since Catherine the Great of Russia. Not only did she turn around—decisively—the British economy in the 1980s, she also saw her methods copied in more than 50 countries. "Thatcherism" was the most popular and successful way of running a country in the last quarter of the 20th century and into the 21st.
Her origins were humble. Born Oct. 13, 1925, she was the daughter of a grocer in the Lincolnshire town of Grantham. Alfred Roberts was no ordinary shopkeeper. He was prominent in local government and a man of decided economic and political views. Thatcher later claimed her views had been shaped by gurus like Karl Popper and Friedrich Hayek, but these were clearly the icing on a cake baked in her childhood by Councillor Roberts. This was a blend of Adam Smith and the Ten Commandments, the three most important elements being hard work, telling the truth, and paying bills on time.
Hard work took Miss Roberts, via a series of scholarships, to Grantham Girls' School, Somerville College, Oxford, and two degrees, in chemistry and law. She practiced in both professions, first as a research chemist, then as a barrister from 1954. By temperament she was always a scholarship girl, always avid to learn, and even when prime minister still carried in her capacious handbag a notebook in which she wrote down anything you told her that she thought memorable.
Israeli singer Rita's special surrealistic concert at the UN General Assembly, 5 March 2013, in the United Nations General Assembly Hall.
UN Ambassador Prosor has pulled off one of the most unusual diplomatic achievements ever: a full-fledged UN-sponsored Farsi-Hebrew musical event full of goodwill and sympathy
In this chamber, the countries of the world join together in the search for common global solutions.
They gather here to advance the longstanding goals and values of peace, development and human rights.
This hall has also been the setting of many remarkable concerts.
Not long ago, we hosted Stevie Wonder who performed in celebration of United Nations Day.
Through his lyrics, Stevie Wonder reminds us of what an evening like this is all about.
He has said: “Music is a world within itself, with a language we all understand.”
This evening’s performer, Rita Yahan-Farouz, sings in many languages and strives to reach many audiences.
Rita is a world-renowned artist of Israel-Iranian heritage. She sings in both Hebrew and Persian.
I understand that many have dubbed her a “cultural ambassador” whose music is popular in both Israel and Iran.
Tonight’s concert is a reminder of the magic of music to transcend cultures … build bridges … and connect people.
Let that spirit inspire diplomats and leaders everywhere to work for peace … strive for solidarity … and seek global harmony for peace, justice and human rights for all.
I thank the Government of Israel for organizing this event. I have no doubt that this will be a memorable evening. Enjoy the show.
彼女のYoutubeチャンネルではこのコンサートに先駆けてTime for Peaceという曲の新バージョンを録音したとありました。
Ahead of her upcoming concert at the United Nations Headquarters in New York ((March 5th, 2013)), Israeli singer Rita recorded a new version of 'Time for Peace', a song taken from her second English album, released in the year 2000.
The Coen brothers have been tapped to rewrite Unbroken, the adaptation of Laura Hillenbrand’s 2010 book, for Universal -- which has been trying to mount a Zamperini story in some form or fashion for decades.
Universal picked up the rights to the book in January 2011, initially for Francis Lawrence to direct. Jolie boarded as director in December. She has spent weeks searching for top-flight writers to tackle the project, with sources saying the director was extremely choosy.
4月5日と6日にWomen in the World Summitが開かれたようですが、アンジェリーナ・ジョリーはマララ・ユサフザイを称えるスピーチをしたようです。
Women in the World Summit 2013 Recap (VIDEO) APR 6, 2013 10:17 AM - BY THE DAILY BEAST VIDEO Oprah introduced her favorite guest ever, Meryl Streep paid tribute to an Irish activist, Tom Hanks remembered the great Nora Ephron, Pakistani activist Khalida Brohi got a standing ovation—and Hillary Clinton gave a rousing call to arms for women everywhere. Watch the best moments from the fourth annual Women in the World summit.
3分当たりからMalalaさんの人柄が分かるエピソードの部分です。
She is powerful but she is also a sweet, creative, loving little girl who wants to help others, to work for others. She doesn’t want to be a center of attention. Her goal is progres not notoriety. When she was in a hospital. Her father saw a poll in the newspaper of the ten most influential people in the world. Malala was number six. President Obama was number seven. Her father broght it to her in the hospital. And he said “Look at this! Doesn’t this make you happy?” A little Malala said, “No. I don’t think human beings should be categorized in such a way.” So there’s a lot we can learn from this little girl.
Jolie, a special envoy for the UN refugee agency, said Malala's father had shown his daughter in the hospital a poll that said she was the sixth most influential person in the world, and that President Barack Obama was seventh. But the teen said she didn't think people should be categorized like that.
“So we can learn a lot from this girl,” Jolie said with a grin.
Once introduced via a video from the UK, the 15-year-old said: "Today I'm going to announce the happiest moment of my life," at one point shyly covering her face with her hands. She said a new school in Pakistan would be built for 40 girls. "Let us turn the education of 40 girls into 40 million girls," she said.
アンジェリーナは彼女がタリバンに襲撃された昨年の10月にWe All Are Malalaというエッセイを書き、積極的に彼女を支援をしているようです。
Angelina Jolie: We All Are Malala by Angelina JolieOct 16, 2012 2:18 PM EDT I told my kids—and you should too: Girls’ education is under threat in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and around the world. It’s time we all took a stand. By Angelina Jolie. Plus: Here’s how you can help.
February 4, 2013 Dear Friend of the Women in the World Foundation, I want to share with you this important message from Tina Brown and Angelina Jolie
The world is thrilled this morning to finally catch a glimpse of Malala Yousafzai, who is recovering well from a five-hour operation in Britain. Yousafzai said she is feeling well and "eager to serve," announcing the formation of a new Malala fund to support girls' education.
We are touched and heartened by Malala's recovery, as well as the donations pouring in to endow a Women in the World fund in her honor used exclusively to educate girls in Pakistan and Afghanistan. When she was only 10, this amazing girl accompanied her father to a press club in Peshawar and declared: “How dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education?” Now people are echoing her all over the world by joining the cause.
In today’s video, Malala announces the formation of a Malala Fund created by Vital Voices, the international nonprofit that trains women leaders. Malala herself will help direct the use of these joint funds. To reinforce Malala's efforts for girls’ education, we are donating the Women in the World Foundation funds raised to date to the Malala Fund.
The donors who have generously contributed $150,000 to the Women in the World fund for girls' education are a coalition of kindness—high school students in Memphis, children in the Dominican Republic, grandparents who wanted Malala, and girls like her, to have the opportunities of their own grandchildren. We thank every one of you and ask you to keep up the efforts.
The annual Women in the World Summit in New York City on April 4 and 5 will include a salute to brave women and girls like Malala, young women like her risking their lives every single day just to get an education for girls. There is no better time than now for the world to join us in saying, “I am here for Malala.”
Hello, Japan. I would like to introduce a preview from my new film Lincoln, the untold story about one of the most inspirational leaders of all time. The themes in the film are as relevant today as they have ever been for countries all around the world, Including, I hope, Japan. You’re going to see how this father figure, leader, and skillful tactician was able to gain support from all those around him to end the bloodiest conflict the United Sates had ever known. Here is the preview for Lincoln which releases in Japan on April 19th.
（書き起こし） You’re going to see how this father figure, leader, and skillful tactician was able to gain support from all those around him to end the bloodiest conflict the United Sates had ever known.
（英辞郎） father figure 父親代わり（の人）、理想の父親像 ・Since when are you my father figure? : いつから私の父親代わりなんだい？ He can be said to have produced the ideal Japanese father and grandfather figure. 日本の父親やおじいさん像の理想ともいえる人物をつくり出していったのです。◆【出典】Hiragana Times, 1993年8月号◆【出版社】株式会社ヤック企画
(ロングマン) father figure [countable] an older man who you trust and respect father figure to/for Ken was a father figure to all of us.
（オックスフォード） father figure an older man that someone respects because he will advise and help them like a father Adam looked up to Bill as a father figure.
このfather figureという言葉は、スピルバーグにとって大切なイメージのようで、60minutesでもpaternal father figureとリンカーンを説明しています。
October 18, 2012 1:07 PM Spielberg's "Lincoln," more than 10 years in the making "I've always wanted to tell a story about Lincoln. I saw a paternal father figure, someone who was completely, stubbornly committed to his ideals, his vision," he tells Stahl. "I think the film is very relevant for today. It's about leadership."
I really don't know how any of this happened; I do know that I've received far more than my fair of share of good fortune in my life and I'm so grateful for the Academy for this beautiful honor," he graciously said.
It's a strange thing because three years ago before we decided to do a straight swap, I had actually been committed to play Margaret Thatcher and Meryl was Steven's first choice for Lincoln and I'd like to see that version.
Steven didn't have to persuade me to play Lincoln, but I had to persuade him that perhaps if I was going to do it, maybe Lincoln shouldn't be a musical. My fellow nominees, my equals, my betters, I'm so proud to have been included as one amongst you.
When we got married 16 years ago, or since we got married 16 years ago, my wife Rebecca has lived with some very strange men. They were strange as individuals and probably even stranger if taken as a group, but luckily, she's the versatile one in the family and she's been the perfect companion to all of them.
I'd like to thank Kathy Kennedy, our producer, through you our mighty team of co-conspriters, at the apex of that human pyramid, there are three men to whom I owe this and a great deal more. Tony Kushner, our beloved skipper, Steven Spielberg, and the mysterious beautiful mind, body and spirit of Abraham Lincoln. For my mother, thank you so much.
（ロングマン） they spoken used to refer to a particular organization or group of people: Where are they going to build the new highway? They're going to take an X-ray.
（『アンカーコズミカ英和辞典』） 2（一般に）世間の人々、みんな They say (that) he’s rich. 3（自分を含まない、特に明示しない）あの人たち、関係者たち （→(1)日本語には訳さない。 (2)自分を含む場合はweを用いる。この自他の対比があるため、「自分たちと違ってあの人たちは」の意になることもある） They sell shoes at that store. あの店では靴を売っている
（『オックスフォード実例現代英語用法辞典 <第3版>』） theyは、oneやyouとはやや異なった、それほど一般性を持たない意味を表わす。この語は（たとえば、隣人、周りの人たち、当局、のような）特定はできるが、どちらかと言えば漠然とした集団を指すのが普通である。 They don’t like strangers round here.（ここでは、よそ者は嫌われるんだ） They’re going to wident the road soon. （まもなく道路を拡張する計画だ） I bet they put taxes up next year. （間違いなく来年は税金が上がるよ）
（『現代英語文法 大学編』紀伊国屋書店） theyの場合は、一般的に述べられていることが話し手と聞き手のいずれからも切り離された形になっている。したがって遺憾の意や不承認の意味合いではtheyは特に便利である： I wonder why they don’t repair the roads more often. （どうして道路の修繕をもっと頻繁にしないのだろう）
They've reduced the price of these cameras. →店員 - Then let's go ahead and buy one.
Why is all the office furniture covered? - They're painting over the weekend. →業者
They're painting over the weekendでもそうですが、このようなtheyではtheyの正体はあまり重要ではなく、大切なのはその後の部分です。すべてのオフィス家具に覆いがあったので理由を聴いたのですが、週末に塗装工事を伝えれば会話として十分成立すると思うんですよね。ここで行為主が誰かは、普通の会社員だったらどうでもいいですよね。theyで十分意味が通じるのは、塗装を行うのはオフィスでは業者であるのが常識として共有されているから明示する必要がないからでしょう。
これが塗装を依頼する担当社員同士の話だったら、どこの塗装会社に頼むかは重要な話になるので、どの業者がというのが意識された話になり、A Painting Companyなんてのが主語になるのかもしれません。まあ、担当者だったら、Why is all the office furniture covered?というのんきな質問はしませんからここの文脈では現実的ではありませんが。。。
この映画の予告編をみても想像できますが、この登場人物はさまざまな役柄を人種、性別などを問わず演じていますが、人の人生とは一つの魂がいろいろな形で現れ出るものだという思いがあるようです。先月公開に合わせて来日した時の会見でラナ・ウォシャウスキーはidea of playing a soul that has many facesと語っています。
I think also all the actors relished the idea of playing a soul that has many faces. We have many faces inside of all of us. We are different people at different times in our lives. This was a way to explore an idea of an identity expressed through different actual characters.
この会見でラナさんは村上春樹の1Q84を読み終わったばかりで、彼の作品は全部読んだと語っていますね。また、アンディ・ウォシャウスキーさんのNo book is unfilmable.（映画化できない本はない）という言葉はかっこいいですよね。一般に言われる映像不可能という言葉は挑戦をしないための言い訳になっているのかもしれません。
基本テーマでもある映画予告編にあったwe're bound to others（私たちは他の人とつながっている）は、映画の中でも何度か触れられていました。ソンミ４５１のバージョンで確認してみます。
Our lives are not our own. From womb to tomb, we're bound to others. Past and present. And by each crime and every kindness, we birth our future.
It's an interesting time to be an Iranian-Israeli pop star. The standoff between Iran and Israel over Iran's nuclear program is one of the hottest issues on the globe.
Rita Johanforuz, known to her fans as Rita, is one of Israel's biggest stars, and her new album My Joys mixes traditional Persian songs with electronic music, Central Asian flutes and strings, and Balkan brass. It’s gotten Rita a lot of attention because she sings several songs in Farsi, the language of Iran; she was born in Iran, and her Jewish family emigrated to Israel when she was eight.
This kind of multicultural approach raises no American eyebrows. But Israel is different. Jordan Elgrably of the Levantine Cultural Center in Los Angeles says the mere fact that Rita is an Israeli singing in Farsi makes this album political. "It’s a political act if you’re an Israeli Jew and you choose to speak Arabic in public," Elgrably says,"because [in Israel] the Arab culture is seen as the enemy culture. And now Iran is the enemy."
（ウィキペディア） Tailgating In security To describe the act of an unauthorized person who follows someone to a restricted area without the consent of the authorized person, the term tailgating is also used. "Tailgating" implies without consent (similar to a car tailgating another vehicle on the freeway), while piggybacking usually implies consent of the authorized person.
Piggybacking (security) In security, piggybacking refers to when a person tags along with another person who is authorized to gain entry into a restricted area, or pass a certain checkpoint.[1] The act may be legal or illegal, authorized or unauthorized, depending on the circumstances. However, the term more often has the connotation of being an illegal or unauthorized act.
優先順位は下がるのかもしれませんが、Books and artsも背景知識などを広げてくれるのに役立ちます。雑誌の性格上どうしても時事的な事象に限定されてしまいますが、Books and artsは広いスパンのものでいろいろな話題の本をフィクション、ノンフィクションを問わず選んでくれていますから。またNew York Timesの書評と比べて短めなので助かります（笑）
（ウィキペディア） Critical reception As an accomplished fiction writer who learned English as an adult, Hemon has some similarities to Joseph Conrad, which he acknowledges through allusion in The Question of Bruno, though he is most frequently compared to Vladimir Nabokov.[5] All of his stories deal in some way with the Yugoslav wars, Bosnia, or Chicago, but they vary substantially in genre.
The Book of My Lives. By Aleksandar Hemon. Farrar, Straus & Giroux; 214 pages; $25. Picador; £20. Buy from Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk
書評の最後の部分を読んでこの本を読んでみたくなりました。
Yet, paradoxically, language is man’s best hope for addressing the unspeakable, he concludes in a wrenching account of his infant daughter’s battle against brain cancer. During the ordeal, his older daughter invents an imaginary friend they call Mingus, in order to use words for which she herself has no experience. Suddenly, Mr Hemon realises that this is what he has been doing all these years. “Fictional characters allowed me to understand what was hard for me to understand (which, so far, has been nearly everything),” he writes. Decades ago in Sarajevo, this talented writer had a radio programme called “Sasha Hemon Tells You True and Untrue Stories”. Readers would do well to tune in to his new stories now.
language is man’s best hope for addressing the unspeakable（言語は言葉に表せないものに対処するための人間の最大の希望である）と書いて、Fictional characters allowed me to understand what was hard for me to understand（小説の登場人物は私には理解しがたいことだったことを理解させてくれた）という彼の言葉を引用しています。有難いことにこの書評の最後の部分で取り上げている章はNew Yorkerのウエブサイトで全て読むことができます。もちろん彼の語る人間の最高の希望である言語は「夢はかなう」といった自己啓発的な調子のものではありません。
It is not unusual, of course, for children of Ella’s age to have imaginary friends or siblings. The creation of an imaginary character is related, I believe, to the explosion of linguistic abilities that occurs between the ages of two and four, and rapidly creates an excess of language, which the child may not have enough experience to match. She has to construct imaginary narratives in order to try out the words that she suddenly possesses. Ella now knew the word “California,” for instance, but she had no experience that was in any way related to it; nor could she conceptualize it in its abstract aspect—in its California-ness. Hence, her imaginary brother had to be deployed to the sunny state, which allowed Ella to talk at length as if she knew California. The words demanded the story.
At the same time, the surge in language at this age creates a distinction between exteriority and interiority: the child’s interiority is now expressible and thus possible to externalize; the world doubles. Ella could now talk about what was here and about what was elsewhere; language had made here and elsewhere continuous and simultaneous. Once, during dinner, I asked Ella what her brother was doing at that very moment. He was in her room, she said matter-of-factly, throwing a tantrum.
百万人のうち3人ほどがかかってしまう難病に苦しんでいるIsabelちゃんの看病も大変なものでしたが、ありきたりのやさしい言葉をかけてもらうことがつらかったと語っている部分が以下です。紋切り型の言葉はつらい現実と向き合わなくてすむためのものでしかなく、言葉にならない状況ではなく言葉はあふれていた。でも闘病に関する言葉は重すぎるので、We instinctively protected our friends from the knowledge we possessed; we let them think that words had failed, because we knew that they didn’t want to learn the vocabulary we used daily. We were sure that they didn’t want to know what we knew; we didn’t want to know it, either.としていたと書いています。 I had a hard time talking to well-wishers and an even harder time listening to them. They were kind and supportive, and Teri and I endured their expressions of sympathy without begrudging them, as they simply didn’t know what else to say. They protected themselves from what we were going through by limiting themselves to the manageable domain of vacuous, hackneyed language. But we were far more comfortable with the people who were wise enough not to venture into verbal support, and our closest friends knew that. We much preferred talking to Dr. Lulla or Dr. Fangusaro, who could help us to understand things that mattered, to being told to “hang in there.” (To which I would respond, “There is no other place to hang.”) And we stayed away from anyone who we feared might offer us the solace of that supreme platitude: God. The hospital chaplain was prohibited from coming anywhere near us.
One of the most common platitudes we heard was that “words failed.” But words were not failing Teri and me at all. It was not true that there was no way to describe our experience. Teri and I had plenty of language with which to talk to each other about the horror of what was happening, and talk we did. The words of Dr. Fangusaro and Dr. Lulla, always painfully pertinent, were not failing, either. If there was a communication problem, it was that there were too many words, and they were far too heavy and too specific to be inflicted on others. (Take Isabel’s chemo drugs: Vincristine, Methotrexate, Etoposide, Cyclophospamide, and Cisplatin—creatures of a particularly malign demonology.) We instinctively protected our friends from the knowledge we possessed; we let them think that words had failed, because we knew that they didn’t want to learn the vocabulary we used daily. We were sure that they didn’t want to know what we knew; we didn’t want to know it, either.
Economistが引用していた部分があるパッセーじが以下です。Narrative imagination—and therefore fiction—was a basic evolutionary tool of survival.とあるところから書評のタイトルWriting to surviveをつけたのかもしれません。
One day at breakfast, while Ella ate her oatmeal and rambled on about her brother, I recognized in a humbling flash that she was doing exactly what I’d been doing as a writer all these years: the fictional characters in my books had allowed me to understand what was hard for me to understand (which, so far, has been nearly everything). Much like Ella, I’d found myself with an excess of words, the wealth of which far exceeded the pathetic limits of my own biography. I’d needed narrative space to extend myself into; I’d needed more lives. I, too, had needed another set of parents, and someone other than myself to throw my metaphysical tantrums. I’d cooked up those avatars in the soup of my ever-changing self, but they were not me—they did what I wouldn’t, or couldn’t, do. Listening to Ella furiously and endlessly unfurl the Mingus tales, I understood that the need to tell stories was deeply embedded in our minds and inseparably entangled with the mechanisms that generate and absorb language. Narrative imagination—and therefore fiction—was a basic evolutionary tool of survival. We processed the world by telling stories, produced human knowledge through our engagement with imagined selves.
What I want to do is to distort the thing far beyond the appearance, but in the distortion to bring it back to a recordig of the appearance. （やりたいことは事物を見かけからかけ離れた形に変形することです。しかし、その変形の中ではその見かけを記したものに立ち戻らせることなのです）
And this is the obsession: how like can I make this thing in the most irrational way? So that you're not only remaking the look of the image, you're remaking all the areas of feeling which you yourself have apprehensions of （こだわっていることは、どのようにしたら理性とは無縁の方法でこのものを作り上げることができるか、なのです。像のみかけを再現しようとするのではなく、身に付いている感覚のあらゆる領域を作り直していくことなのです）
Hardly anyone really feels about painting: they read things into it – even the most intelligent people – they think they understand it, but very, very few people are aesthetically touched by painting. （ほとんど誰も絵画を感じ取っていません。絵画から物事を読み取っているのです。最も知的な人でさえそうなのです。絵画を理解していると考えていますが、絵画から美的な感動を受ける人はほとんどいないのです）
アルゴアさんは先月新刊The Future: Six Drivers of Global Changeを出したばかりですが、あまり話題になっていませんね（汗）2008年のTEDスピーチ冒頭でI don't want or need to raise the bar, I'm actually trying to lower the bar.（ハードルを上げたりするつもりも必要もありません むしろハードルを下げようとしているのです）と出てきます。
I have given the slide show that I gave here two years ago about 2,000 times. I'm giving a short slide show this morning that I'm giving for the very first time, so -- well it's -- I don't want or need to raise the bar, I'm actually trying to lower the bar. Because I've cobbled this together to try to meet the challenge of this session.
raise the barのような表現の場合、Google画像検索してみた方がイメージがつきやすいかもしれません。Barとは高跳びのバーを指すようです。日本語のハードルと少し違っていて面白いですね。
（英辞郎） raise the bar 〔達するべき〕水準［レベル］を引き上げる
The best performing companies can help to raise the bar by holding each other to account. 最も成功している企業こそが、基準を上げ、お互いに責任を持たせることができるのです。◆【出典】アムネスティ発表国際ニュース（2007年7月5日）
"And so this is both a prod to other carriers and to the FCC to try to raise the bar a little bit." 「しかも、このグーグルの計画は、ほかの携帯電話事業者とFCCの両者に対して、達成目標を引き上げるよう催促するものです」
フレンズのシーズン9のエピソード11The One Where Rachel Goes Back To Workでもraise the barが出てきます。フィービーがジョーイが出演しているドラマのエクストラになるという設定の話です。
残念ながら該当シーンの動画は見つからなかったのですが、上記の動画では緊張しまくりのフィービーでしたが、その後エキストラを熱演し過ぎて、自分がジョーイよりも演技がうまいと勘違いしてしまうようになります（笑）そのときにI just raised the barと言っています。
Phoebe: Wait a minute, I see what’s happening here. You’re threatened. Joey: What? Phoebe: Yeah, I’m so good in this scene that I’m stealing focus from you. Well, rise to the challenge Tribianni ’cause I just raised the bar. Come join me up here! Joey: (To the director) Yeah, you can fire her, but I would call security, she won’t go easy.
Well, rise to the challenge Tribianni ’cause I just raised the bar.に関しては「難題に取り組む」という意味でrise to the challengeが使われています。
Congo-Kinshasa: Sexual Violence Is More Than Just a Weapon of War in the Democratic Republic of Congo 4 DECEMBER 2012 PRESS RELEASE Washington DC and Cape Town — A new study by Promundo and the Sonke Gender Justice Network conducted in Goma, eastern DRC finds that more than a third of men surveyed have carried out some form of sexual violence and more than three quarters hold deeply alarming attitudes about rape and women's rights.
The report reveals that sexual violence, while sometimes implemented as a weapon a war, more often reflects widespread acceptance of patriarchal norms and rape myths that justify and normalize rape, the everyday subordination of women, and men's a sense of entitlement to women's bodies. Sexual violence includes forcing a wife or partner to have sex, as well as stranger rape and other forms of forced sex.
The study also indicates that many men are themselves victims of various forms of violence, including of sexual violence, and shows a clear association between exposure to violence during childhood and increased likelihood of subsequent perpetration. Findings also affirm just how much conflict affects families in the DRC: three-quarters of men and women have had to leave their homes due to conflict.
Act You can make a difference right now. Before you check your email or make dinner plans, invest a few minutes to help the women of Congo. Build a movement. Change the world. You have more power than you know.
Personal Actions Choose one each month
1. Make a personal connection. Sponsor a Sister through Women for Women International for $30/month (select DRC on the site’s drop down menu) or be a lifeline for rape victims in Somalia for as little as $10 a month through our program, Sister Somalia. 2. Raise awareness in your community by participating in or organizing a Run for Congo Women event; or share Nicholas Kristof’s seven-minute video “An American in Congo” with friends and family. 3. Sponsor a Congolese child’s education for a year ($52) through Kids 4 Congo’s Kids. 4. Read A Thousand Sisters and discuss with friends and family. Click here to order. 5. Host a Congo book club. Read A Thousand Sisters (order here; find a reading group guide here) and Dancing in the Glory of Monsters (order here) and begin the dialog in your community about Congo 6. Host a Screening of The Greatest Silence, an eye-opening documentary that gives voice to sexual violence in Congo. 7. Host Cocktails and/or Conversations for Congo 8. Post, repost, and spread Congo news on Facebook and Twitter. 9. Pray or Meditate for Congo 10. Dream something up!
Conflict Minerals Who’s making money from this conflict? It turns out, a whole lot of people. Congo is widely considered one of the wealthiest countries on the planet in terms of natural resources, like diamonds or tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold, which end up in all of our consumer electronics products. Yes, that means you are carrying around a little chunk of Congo in your pocket. Armed groups, corrupt army commanders, and foreign armed factions and the governments that back them (like Rwanda and Uganda) have made hundreds of millions of dollars a year from the illegal control and exploitation of conflict minerals. Read more about how this functions on the ground; about conflict minerals legislation aimed at supply chain transparency; and about our work to get tech companies to “Guarantee Conflict Free.”
“As global consumers we all share some responsibility for the tragedy in the Congo. Lisa Shannon's riveting, personal narrative lays bare the human cost of that relationship, through a personal journey like no other into the heart of the Congo.” —Robin Wright, actress and activist
As soon as spring training rolls around, I start reading the sports pages much more. I’m not a Yankees fan per se, but I’m a New Yorker at heart, and I can say the Yankees are sure old and beat up. In this lineup I put together, I added the ages of all the players and found the average was forty. And forty in baseball is old,” he says, with a laugh.
I’m not a Yankees fan per se, but I’m a New Yorker at heartは「ヤンキースのファンってほどではないけど、根っからのニューヨーカーだから」といった感じでカジュアルに言っている感じです。per seがラテン語だからお堅く捉える必要はありません。
