(AP通信) Serena Williams earned her 600th career victory by brushing aside 42-year-old Kimiko Date-Krumm 6-2, 6-0 on Centre Court to reach the fourth round of Wimbledon on Saturday.
(Newsday) After that decision, Williams needed only 1 hour, 1 minute to overwhelm Date-Krumm, 6-2, 6-2, for her 34th consecutive victory in the 600th match of her career.
(BBC) Serena Williams wasted little time in seeing off Japan's Kimiko Date-Krumm after their third-round match was moved under the Centre Court roof with the light fading at Wimbledon. The world number one and defending champion powered through 6-2 6-0 in 61 minutes to reach the last 16.
(Skysports) Defending champion Serena Williams continued her smooth progress at Wimbledon with a 6-2 6-0 third-round win over Japanese veteran Kimiko Date-Krumm under the Centre Court roof. Williams, bidding for her sixth Wimbledon title and 17th Grand Slam, needed just over an hour to brush aside the challenge of 42-year-old Date-Krumm, the oldest player in the tournament.
(Reuters) After all the shocks and spills of the opening week, top seed Serena Williams remained impregnable as she unleashed her full arsenal to move almost effortlessly into the last 16 at Wimbledon on Saturday. A crushing 6-2 6-0 win over Japanese veteran Kimiko Date-Krumm offered a reminder that while her closest rivals in the women's game are often vulnerable to upsets, she is an immovable object at the top of the tree. 資格取得や高スコアを狙う場合は、あまりいろいろなことに手を出さずに自分の得意パターンを作って、取りこぼさないようにすることが大事になります。でも、そんなのはすぐに行き詰まってしまうんですよね。やはり手間ひまを惜しまずにさまざまな表現に触れるようにして、表現力を豊かにしていきたいですね。
The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education is not an either-or proposition, although the current emphasis on preparing young Americans for STEM-related fields can make it seem that way.
教養あふれる欧米人というのは理想化した我々の勝手なイメージで、実際は仕事に直結する専攻を選びがちなようです。しかし、“Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run.とある委員会の議会への報告書では長期的には人文科学も重要であるとまとめているようです。
The commission was created in 2011 at the request of members of the Senate and the House of Representatives and in a time of great economic uncertainty and insecurity. Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education fret about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it is natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem: “Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively and communicate easily.
Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job but for their fourth and fifth jobs, as there is little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. Those with the ability to draw upon every available tool and insight — gleaned from science, arts and technology — to solve the problems of the future and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves will stand themselves and the U.S. in good stead.
As we strive to create a more civil public discourse, a more adaptable and creative workforce, and a more secure nation, the humanities and social sciences are the heart of the matter, the keeper of the republic—a source of national memory and civic vigor, cultural understanding and communication, individual fulfillment and the ideals we hold in common. They are critical to a democratic society and they require our support.
The Heart of the Matter identifies three goals and thirteen broad recommendations for advancing the humanities and social sciences in America.
報告書の目的を伝えるようなケースで動詞identifyが使えるのですね。
（ケンブリッジビジネス） identify to find and be able to describe someone or something: identify what/which/who To create an effective advertising campaign you must first identify who your target market is. A good business recovery service should include an initial risk assessment to identify which essential processes are at risk and how the risk can be reduced.
３つの目標は以下ですが、目的を伝える場合は動詞の原形で始めています。
1. Educate Americans in the knowledge, skills, and understanding they will need to thrive in a twenty-first-century democracy. 2. Foster a society that is innovative, competitive, and strong. 3. Equip the nation for leadership in an interconnected world.
• Support literacy as the foundation for all learning. The nation depends on a fully literate populace—on citizens whose reading, writing, speaking, and analytical skills improve over a lifetime. The humanities and social sciences must be nurtured at every level of education.
• Promote language learning. State and local school districts and colleges and universities should establish and expand programs to increase language learning.
• Expand education in international affairs and transnational studies. The Commission recommends the creation of a new “National Competitiveness Act”— which, like the original National Defense Education Act, would include funding for education in international affairs and transnational studies.
Heart of the Matterは「問題の核心」という意味ですが、Heart＝心が大事なのは英語も日本語も同じようですね。
The Quality of Mercy Japan’s OTC drug laws must change to ease pain and suffering Jun 21, 2013 | Issue: 1004 | 6 Comments | 753 views There are some obvious trends. An aging population—Japan has experienced the longest and steepest decline in fertility in modern history—requires (and will require) more care. The drain on medical resources is exacerbated by the fact that most prescriptions in Japan are capped at 30 days, necessitating a clinic visit even only to refill a prescription. Solutions are discussed such as letting more students attend medical school, allowing foreign doctors to practice in Japan, and even telemedicine. The first, while desirable, has a very long timeline; the second brings up Japan’s hoary old immigration issues; and the third, while feasible, is not yet here. In the meantime, people suffer.
上記の部分でSolutions are discussed such as …の部分の書き方が、自分ではなかなかできないなと思ったので確認しておきます。すっきりと整理された書き方になっていますね。
Solutions are discussed such as letting more students attend medical school, allowing foreign doctors to practice in Japan, and even telemedicine. （検討されている解決方法は、今より多くの学生を医療系の学校に通わせる、外国人の医者を日本で開業できるようにする、または遠隔医療を認める）
The first, while desirable, has a very long timeline; （第一の解決方法は、望ましいものだが、非常に時間がかかる）→letting more students attend medical school
the second brings up Japan’s hoary old immigration issues; （第二の解決方法は、日本の旧態依然とした移民問題が立ちはだかる）→allowing foreign doctors to practice in Japan
and the third, while feasible, is not yet here.（第三の解決法は、実現可能だが、まだ定着していない）→and even telemedicine
The quality of mercyという記事のタイトルでピンと来た方もいるかもしれませんが、この記事は以下のような終わり方で、最後にthe Bardによる有名な台詞を引用して美しくしめていました。
The situation as it exists now, a hodgepodge of patchwork regulations and selected enforcement is untenable. In 2010 the percentage of the population over 65 was already 23.1 percent, and those who will care for the aging population makes it untenable. The bell tolls for every human on these islands who will be touched, in one way or another, because of parents, siblings, partners, other family or friends.
“Gambaru,” may be appropriate for athletics and business but it becomes something completely different when applied to pain and suffering. What is missing here is something simpler and more fundamental: mercy. And the best lines about mercy were written long ago by the Bard. “The quality of mercy is not strained. It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven, upon the place beneath.” The rainy season is underway.
(オックスフォード) bard (literary) a person who writes poems the Bard (= Shakespeare)
(ロングマン) Bard of Avon the Bard of Avon a poetic name for William Shakespeare, based on the name of the River Avon at Stratford, where he was born
(オックスフォード) the Swan of Avon a nickname for William Shakespeare. It was invented by Ben Jonson in a poem he wrote in the First Folio. The phrase refers to the swans (= large white water birds with long necks) on the River Avon at Stratford, where Shakespeare was born, and also to the ancient Greek belief that the souls of poets pass into swans.
そして引用されていたのは『ヴェニスの商人』からでした。Quality of mercy speechとYoutubeで検索するだけで、該当箇所の動画を見つけることができました。
The Merchant of Venice(ヴェニスの商人) ヴェニスの商人アントニオがユダヤ人の金貸しシャイロックから金を借り て友人バッサニオに与える。期限が来ても返済できないため、シャイロッ クは契約通りアントニオの肉1ポンドを要求する。この法廷の場に、バッ サニオの婚約者ポーシャが男装の裁判官となって登場し、「血は一滴たりと も流すこと相ならぬ」という論でアントニオを助ける。慈悲を説くポーシ ャのセリフは有名。 The quality of mercy is not strain’d, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest: It blesseth him that gives and him that taks. この劇のシャイロックは、喜劇を盛り上げる人物としての役割を与えられ ているが、キリスト教徒の犠牲になる哀れなユダヤ人として悲劇的人物に なっている。
このコラムニストはシェイクスピアのこの台詞をよく理解してこの台詞を使っているのですね。The situation as it exists now, a hodgepodge of patchwork regulations and selected enforcement is untenable.とあったように、あくまで規制の観点から及び腰の政府当局と証文の文言をたてにアントニオの肉1ポンドを要求するシャイロックを重ね合わせているのでしょう。
The quality of mercy is not strain'd, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath: it is twice blest; It blesseth him that gives and him that takes: 'Tis mightiest in the mightiest: it becomes The throned monarch better than his crown; His sceptre shows the force of temporal power, The attribute to awe and majesty, Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings; But mercy is above this sceptred sway; It is enthroned in the hearts of kings, It is an attribute to God himself; And earthly power doth then show likest God's When mercy seasons justice. Therefore, Jew, Though justice be thy plea, consider this, That, in the course of justice, none of us Should see salvation: we do pray for mercy; And that same prayer doth teach us all to render The deeds of mercy. I have spoke thus much To mitigate the justice of thy plea; Which if thou follow, this strict court of Venice Must needs give sentence 'gainst the merchant there.
I was forced to learn this speech in High School... and I can STILL recite it!! (Just did the math... and it was 1967 that learned it) :eek Poetry, Shakespeare n' stuff was not my thing at school.. but I am truly grateful it was "forced" on me... and I have gone on to find great value in it.
「英検問題はコピペできる」で最初の長文The End of Maya Civilizationをしょうかいさせていただきました。 同じような内容の記事が昨年11月の雑誌Natureに登場しているのを知りました。助かることに、日本語翻訳雑誌Natureダイジェストのサイトで無料公開記事として出ていました。（ただし、閲覧には読者登録が必要です。）
By analysing a 2,000-year-old stalagmite from a cave in southern Belize and studying archaeological records, palaeoclimatologist Douglas Kennett of Pennsylvania State University in University Park and his colleagues argue that unusual rainfall patterns shaped the fate of the Maya people1. Other researchers have proposed that dry climate conditions hastened the Maya collapse2, 3, but the latest data provide one of the most complete and detailed rainfall records from the geographic centre of the Mayan territory.
英検の問題の一部が以下ですが、By analysing a 2,000-year-old stalagmite from a cave in southern BelizeというNatureの説明がBy analyzing a rock formation in a cave in Belizeとrock formationと比較的簡単な表現に書き換えられていますね。
It appears that during their civilization’s peak period especially from AD 300 to AD 700 the Maya were completely dependent on a particular phenomenon. By analyzing a rock formation in a cave in Belize to obtain information about weather patterns over the centuries, Kennett found that the peak period of Maya culture coincided with years of heavy precipitation. During this time, the Maya made remarkable advances in agriculture, which enabled the rapid growth of the population and the development of complex political structures. The centuries that followed were characterized by a drying trend including periods of severe drought that crippled agricultural systems. By AD 800, most major Maya cities were in decline, and within two centuries they had been abandoned.
“I think one of the biggest contributions of this study is the real precision and accuracy of dating of this record,” says David Hodell, a palaeoclimatologist at the University of Cambridge, UK, who presented some of the first data to support climate change as a factor in the Maya decline3. He marvelled at Kennett’s error margins of 1–17 years — compared to about 100 years in many previous carbon-dating efforts.
Climb Fuji on a Day-Trip Do your research, fitness train, and pack light By: Jessica A. Page | Jun 17, 2013 | No Comments | 642 views
この記事は世界遺産に認定される前に書かれたものなので、is reportedly close toという表現が使われています。
The sacred mountain is reportedly close to attaining UNESCO World Heritage status—meaning many more like-minded hikers from near and far will want to hit the 3,776m summit.
Come prepared, whether you decide to hike during the week when it’s least crowded, or on the weekend when it’s bumper-to-bumper up the chain-railed rocky mountain.
it’s bumper-to-bumper up the chain-railed rocky mountainという表現は富士山登山をした方ならすぐに想像できそうですよね。bumper-to-bumper をGoogleの画像検索をするとやはり車の交通渋滞の画像が多くでてきますが、人間の「渋滞」に使っています。
「一度も登らぬ馬鹿、二度登る馬鹿」の表現が以下です。個人的な解釈となりますが、〜 is a fool, and 〜 is a bigger foolとしているのは、英語的なリズムを優先させただけで、二度登る人の方が大馬鹿だという意味をはっきりと込めているのではないと思います。
There’s a Japanese proverb: “The person that never climbs Mt. Fuji is a fool, and the person who climbs it twice is a bigger fool.”
So, technically this writer is a fool—as is her 16-year old son who even climbed it three times.
But my reason for going twice was a failure to reach the summit the first time. The reasons were as follows:
So, technicallyの部分は、「このことわざに則れば」と読めばいいでしょう。Technicallyは会話とかでもよく使われるので、辞書的な説明ではなく、日常的な使われ方に慣れておくことも大事でしょう。
最初の失敗を踏まえて、二回目は成功したようです。やはり下りはきつかったとかいていますね。「終わりの見えない〜のようだった」と表現したいときには、felt like a never-ending zig-zagのようにすればいいのですね。
With more stair-climber time on the books, a lighter backpack, fewer stamps and amazing weather, I made it to the summit in 2012.
The day trip began again at 5:30am from the Subaru 5th Station, and trekking all the way up the Yoshidaguchi Trail. The descent felt like a never-ending zig-zag on loose volcanic gravel toward the Fuji-Subaru Line. It really doesn’t get any easier here. Be sure to trim those toe nails prior to your trip and make a mental note that toilets are few and far between on the way down.
TOEICでもおなじみの注意事項などを伝える際の前置きBe sure to trim those toe nailsが使われています。make a mental note that …なんて表現は英語にたくさん触れている人でないと使えない表現ですよね。まあ、TOEICではPlease note that …のかたちになるでしょうけど。。。
（英辞郎） make a mental note 〔注意事項・自戒などについて〕心に刻む、肝に銘じる ・Please make a mental note of tomorrow's meeting. : 明日の会合を忘れないでください。
With the walking stick to show and a story to tell, climbing Mt Fuji will always hold a special place in my heart. Imagine contentedly enjoying the breathtaking views of Fuji-san from a distance and saying, “I once stood on the top of that mountain!”
大きな組織・権力とそれに対抗する小さな集団の比喩としてDavid and Goliathがよく用いられることは、このブログで何度か記事にしてきました。今週の60ミニッツにロシアのパンクロックバンドのプッシーライオットが登場したのですが、この比喩が使われていました。
（オックスフォード） David and Goliath ADJECTIVE used to describe a situation in which a small or weak person or organization tries to defeat another much larger or stronger opponent
The match looks like being a David and Goliath contest.
From the Bible story in which Goliath, a giant, is killed by the boy David with a stone.
Lesley Stahl: What was it about them that drew so much attention? Garry Kasparov: You may say whatever you want about their performance, but it was innocuous. It was not threatening. And the state machine, KGB, Church, you know, all going after them. I think it's just, you know, there's some sort of a version of-- it's not even David - Goliath. Just you know, Goliath versus girls.
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
Lesley Stahl: Mr. Putin seems stronger than ever. There are new laws against dissent. It sounds like it was David and Goliath and Goliath won. Katya Samutsevichl: I don't think it's like that. It's a fight, it's an ongoing fight. Just because there was a court case doesn't mean that we're going to stop and shut our mouths. We have a lot of things to say. We're going to continue to work, continue to do what we do. So the battle of Goliath and the girls goes on, but like a Russian novel, it's complicated. The polls show that most Russians were offended by that dance on the altar, but most also think the punishment was way too severe.
Japan's prime minister speaks openly about the mistakes he made in his first term, Abenomics, Japan's wartime record (and his own controversial statements on that history), and the bitter Senkaku/Diaoyu Island dispute with China.
首相のFacebookの対応が批判を浴びたりしましたが、この雑誌でのやり取りは見事です。前回の失敗要因について聞かれたところ、When I served as prime minister last time, I failed to prioritize my agenda. I was eager to complete everything at once, and ended my administration in failure.と答えています。周りのせいにするでもなく、自分の落ち度というわけでもないかたちでうまい答えではないでしょうか。
This is your second tenure as prime minister. Your first was not so successful, but this time, everything seems different: your approval rating is over 70 percent, and the stock market is at a five-year high. What lessons did you learn from your past mistakes, and what are you doing differently this time? When I served as prime minister last time, I failed to prioritize my agenda. I was eager to complete everything at once, and ended my administration in failure.
After resigning, for six years I traveled across the nation simply to listen. Everywhere, I heard people suffering from having lost jobs due to lingering deflation and currency appreciation. Some had no hope for the future. So it followed naturally that my second administration should prioritize getting rid of deflation and turning around the Japanese economy.
Let’s say that I have set the priorities right this time to reflect the concerns of the people, and the results are increasingly noticeable, which may explain the high approval ratings.
I have also started to use social media networks like Facebook. Oftentimes, the legacy media only partially quote what politicians say. This has prevented the public from understanding my true intentions. So I am now sending messages through Facebook and other networks directly to the public.
第三の矢についてはこれまでほどの効果を得ることはできませんでしたが、What will the third look like? と聞かれて、The third arrow is about a growth strategy, which should be led by three key concepts: challenge, openness, and innovation. First, you need to envision what kind of Japan you wish to have.とスマートに切り替えしています。英検のやり取りでもこのように簡潔にうまくまとまっている答えができるといいですね。
You’ve said that your economic agenda is your top priority. Abenomics has three “arrows”: a 10 trillion yen fiscal stimulus, inflation targeting, and structural reform. You’ve fired the first two arrows already. What will the third look like? The third arrow is about a growth strategy, which should be led by three key concepts: challenge, openness, and innovation. First, you need to envision what kind of Japan you wish to have. That is a Japan that cherishes those three concepts. Then, you get to see areas where you excel. Take health care, for instance. My country has good stock, which enables Japanese to live longer than most others. Why not use medical innovation, then, both to boost the economy and to contribute to the welfare of the rest of the world?
My recent trip to Russia and the Middle East assured me that there is much room out there for Japan’s medical industries. The same could be said for technologies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, of which Japan has plenty. But to foster innovation, you must remain open.
Mutual Assured Production Why Trade Will Limit Conflict Between China and Japan By Richard Katz July/August 2013 Tensions between China and Japan are rising, but an economic version of mutual deterrence is preserving the uneasy status quo. Put simply, China needs to buy Japanese products as much as Japan needs to sell them.
hypothetically speakingは、仮定の話をする場合に便利な前置きですね。ヒラリーさんは慎重に話そうとしているのが分かります。Will the next president be a woman?という観客からの質問に答えた動画だそうです。
Toronto, Canada - June 20, 20131. SOUNDBITE: (English) Hillary Clinton, Former Secretary of State "Let me say this, hypothetically speaking, I really do hope that we have a woman president in my lifetime. And whether it's next time or the next time after that, it really depends on women stepping and subjecting themselves to the political process, which is very difficult.
You know, one of my great predecessors, Eleanor Roosevelt, said as far back as the 1920s, women want to be in politics, they need to grow skin as thick as a Rhinoceros, and I think there is still truth to that, so you have to step up, you have to dare to compete, you have to get into the process and then the country, our country, has to take that leap of faith.
We did have a historic election with the election of President Obama, which was incredibly important for all the obvious reasons given our past. And I hope that we will see a woman elected because I think it would send exactly the right historic signal to girls, women as well as boys and men. And I will certainly vote for the right woman to be president (cheers, HRC smiles)."
It was a crowd that was receptive to such a message, even if she gave no hint — beyond the playful “hypothetical” and “right woman” remarks — that she was talking about herself.
USA TODAYとTrontonistの表現を見比べてみます。5,000 people who attendedと5,000 or so fans and supporters were in attendanceとが使われています。さまざまな記事を読み比べれば表現の幅も広がりそうです。
The Torontoist blog reports Clinton got a standing ovation from about 5,000 people who attended the Unique Lives & Experiences event, billed as North America's "foremost women's lecture series."
********
Thursday night at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre—where Clinton spoke as part of the Unique Lives & Experiences lecture series—5,000 or so fans and supporters were in attendance, many likely hoping for some sort of confirmation (or hint) that she might be making a second run at the U.S. presidency in 2016.
この話題ばかりがニュースになっていますが、いろいろな質疑応答があったようです。話せば長くなりそうな難しい質問をされた時には彼女が使った“Can you stay here until breakfast?”は便利そうですね（笑）
After Clinton had finished speaking, Nutt returned to the stage for a Q and A. First question: what is the unfinished business of the women’s movement? Clinton’s answer: “Can you stay here until breakfast?” She explained the continuous struggles that women face around the world and the opportunities that women are denied, particularly in the political realm (something Toronto can relate to). When asked how she manages to cope with sexism in the media, like when she was criticized for not wearing makeup, she responded bluntly, “I don’t care anymore.” She went on, however, to condemn ongoing sexist attacks against Julia Gillard, Australia’s first woman Prime Minister. “We should never dehumanize anyone,” Clinton said.
On her biggest accomplishment as Secretary of State: “Restoring America’s reputation in the world,” she said. One thing that she wishes she could do over? She’d spend more time outdoors. On whether women lead better than men, she said she finds women more likely to seek consensus. Will the next president be a woman? (Which was a not-so-subtle way of asking what we all want to know.) Clinton laughed, but kept her poker face. “I hope I see a woman president in my lifetime,” she said. “I will certainly vote for her!”
大きな出来事のあとに Jonathan Safran Foer × Mieko Kawakami × David Peace Motoyuki Shibata (moderator) ジョナサン・サフラン・フォア×川上未映子×デイヴィッド・ピース 柴田元幸（モデレーター）
英語学習者的に興味深いのは「小説の声、理想の翻訳」という柴田元幸さんやマイケル・エメリックさんが参加したシンポジウムについてでした。この記事はサイトで読めないのですが、強調していたのはget the voice right、作者の声をちゃんと捉えること。原文はこうだろうなと意識させない訳がいい訳ではないかということでした。
Japan’s highest and most celebrated peak was designated a “cultural” rather than “natural” site and registered under the title “Mt. Fuji: Object of Worship, Wellspring of Art.” It is Japan’s 17th site to make the list and the first since the historic Hiraizumi area in Iwate Prefecture and the Ogasawara Islands in the Pacific won approval in 2011.
Japan asked UNESCO to register Mount Fuji in January 2012 because it has been viewed as a religious site, depicted in ukiyo-e paintings and helped nurture Japan’s unique culture.
Fuji spans roughly 70,000 hectares, including Sengen Shrine at its foot, five major lakes, the Shiraito Falls and the Miho-no-Matsubara pine grove.
Residents and officials had earlier attempted to register Mount Fuji as a natural World Heritage site but were thwarted by the illegal dumping of garbage and the fact that the peak lacks global uniqueness as a volcanic mountain.
It was dropped from consideration in 2003.
In 2012, Japan formally asked UNESCO to add Mount Fuji to the list of cultural World Heritage sites in consideration of its religious significance and repeated depictions in works of art. ICOMOS then recommended Mount Fuji for registration in April, noting that it is a national symbol of Japan, blends religious and artistic traditions, and has an influence that “clearly goes beyond Japan.”
As Edo grew, so did Mount Fuji’s reputation. Helping promote this were the many Fuji pilgrims and pilgrimage associations, known as fujiko. Along with the prerequisite temples associated with these groups, they also constructed artifices know as fujizaka. These miniature Mount Fujis were constructed from rocks and plants taken from the mountain itself. Soil from the actual summit of Japan’s highest mountain was placed on the summit of the fujizaka, in order to harness some of the spiritual power of the volcano. Many pilgrims no longer had to go to the mountain, as the mountain had now come to them. At the height of the Edo Period (1603-1867), there were more than 200 fujizaka, and none have been constructed since the 1930s. Fifty-six survive today, including those at Teppozu Inari Shrine in Tokyo’s Hatchobori district, and Hatomori Shrine in Sendagaya.
（ウィキペディア） Fujizuka Fujizuka (富士塚?) are small mounds, commonly found in and around Tokyo, which represent Mount Fuji. During the Edo period, a cult arose around the mountain, one of whose major devotional rites was to climb to the peak. Pilgrims who were unable through age or infirmity to climb Mount Fuji would ascend one of these surrogates instead.[1][2] They were usually around ten feet high.[3] Some were also situated so as to provide pleasant views of their surrounding area, such as the Moto-Fuji at Meguro
During their stay in Edo, the daimyo lived in large estates across the capital, many of which had extensive grounds. More than one daimyo had a small hill known as a fujimizaka built upon the grounds in which to climb and observe Mount Fuji. Since the earliest times, mountains had been climbed in order to survey the land. These viewings were ritualistic, but also had certain political motives, as it was a symbolic controlling or pacifying of the land. A good example is at the Hama-rikyu Garden in Tokyo’s Chuo Ward.
The term fujimizaka is also shared by many of the hills around the city. Meaning literally hill from which to see Fuji, these spots had traditionally offered the best views of the mountains. Sadly in modern Tokyo, these views have been disappearing, with the coming of the modern high-rise. The final possible view of the mountain, albeit a modest section of Fuji’s northern slope, is about to be lost to yet another construction project.
According to the slope ( saka ) item in "The Edo-Tokyo Encyclopeadia" (in Japanese, Edited by Shinzo Ogi et al., 1987, Published by Sanseido), names of slopes were written down in maps and records for the first time in the late 17th century. There were about 300 slopes with names in the Edo city, eighteen of which had the name Fuji viewing slope ( Fujimizaka ). Mt. Fuji became an object of religion to the townspeople of Edo, and an organization for conducting a religious activities ( Fujiko ) was born. The townspeople who could not go to Mt. Fuji gathered together to make Fujiko in hopes of shareing their good luck from the mountain, and built miniatures of Mt. Fuji ( Fujidukas ) in many places. Fujiko protected and maintained Fujidukas by holding festivals.
この記事では、もちろん浮世絵についても触れていて、西洋文化に影響を与えたことが書かれています。
With the fall of the Shogunate and the end of the feudal period in 1868, “Westernization” came into vogue, and traditional Japanese arts and crafts were considered old-fashioned and hackneyed. Ukiyo-e had lost their value to the point that they were used as packing materials. In this way, they came into possession of Europeans, and served as a source of inspiration for the impressionist, cubist and post-impressionist art movements. Claude Monet was particularly influenced by the strong colors and lack of perspective, and Vincent van Gogh was known to have owned a copy of Hiroshige’s “53 Stations of the Tokaido Road.”
The Fujizuka of Ekoda is a replica of the sacred mountain, Mt. Fuji, which was built on the grounds of Sengen Shrine near Ekoda Station. It is commonly called Ekoda Fuji and people climb the mound to worship the deity when the area is open to the public during the first three days of New Years, on July 1, which is the start of mountain climbing season, and in September during a festival.
This fujizuka, which is partly covered with real lava from Mt. Fuji, is one of the largest in Tokyo, and stands about 8 meters in height and 30 meters in diameter. It is designated as one of the nation's important tangible folklore cultural assets.
Although people believed their prayers would be answered if they climbed Mt. Fuji and worshipped the deity, for many, it was a challenge financially and physically. In light of these challenges, a group of Mt. Fuji enthusiasts called Fujiko built the fujizukas, which appeared similar to the real Mt. Fuji. The fujizukas where built in various places beginning in the mid-Edo period through the Meiji period. It was believed those who climbed and worshiped on a fujizuka would receive the same blessing as those who climbed Mt. Fuji.
５分あたり >> tony scott not only changed television but it changed the balance of power. I remember a column by andrew stanley in "the times" talking at when we would go to school, you would go in the morning and you would stand around the water cooler and talk about "the stain" or "jaws." people don't remember, this is a good time to talk about it. the demarcation of 1999 when "the sopranos" came on shifted and that's when we stopped talking so much about the movies we saw and instead started talking about the tv series we saw on cable.
>> people began to say, what you hear routinely now about the television shows are better than movies as far as the writing, the acting and the complexity of the character, the sort of narrative sweep. and it changed a lot or helped to change a lot about our viewing habits. I mean, I'm remembering what I was doing in 1999. I started subscribing to HBO because of "the sopranos." I heard about it and missed the first season. It's the first time I bought a tv show, I think it was then VHS.
Well, why has violence declined? No one really knows, but I have read four explanations, all of which, I think, have some grain of plausibility. The first is, maybe Thomas Hobbes got it right. （なぜ暴力が減少したのか 誰もわかりませんが 私が知っている４つの説明は どれもある程度うなずけるものです 一つ目はトマスホッブズが正しいというものです）
12分３０秒 Now, one way of dealing with this problem is by deterrence. You don't strike first, but you have a publicly announced policy that you will retaliate savagely if you are invaded. The only thing is that it's liable to having its bluff called, and therefore can only work if it's credible. To make it credible, you must avenge all insults and settle all scores, which leads to the cycles of bloody vendetta. Life becomes an episode of "The Sopranos."
観客の反応は残念ながらあまりよくなかったですね。Life becomes an episode of "The Sopranos."は、翻訳では「ギャング映画の世界です」となっていますが、このテレビドラマになじみのない日本人向けの翻訳ですからこのようなやり方しかないでしょうね。まあ、「仁義なき戦いの世界です」と訳すのもありかもしれませんが。。。。
Florent Chavouet is a young graphic artist and author living in Paris. When he returned from Japan, he realized that all the observing and sketching he had done had helped him develop his own visual style, so his stay there led not only to his discovery of a certain Tokyo but to his evolution as an artist. This is his first book. He is at work on his next one.
In reality, every reader, as he reads, is the reader of himself. The work of the writer is only a sort of optic instrument which he offers to the reader so that he may discern in the book what he would probably not have seen in himself.
I found this book at the library. I was standing at the art books section which was beside the travel guide section. As I turned around, I saw a book taller than the usual guide books. I picked it up because of the hand drawn title on the spine. Turns out it's a sketchbook travelogue. This isn't the usual travel guide book that tells you where to go, it's one that Florent Chavouet drew to show you where he went. He's a French guy who's in Japan to accompany his girlfriend because she's working there. It's a 208-page paperback filled with colour pencil drawn observations on the places he went. There are interesting notes on the people and culture and his many little adventures.
Fujisan, Sacred Place and Source of Artistic Inspiration (Japan) The beauty of the solitary, often snow-capped, stratovolcano, known around the world as Mount Fuji, rising above villages and tree-fringed sea and lakes has long inspired artists and poets and been the object of pilgrimages. Its representation in Japanese art goes back to the 11th century but 19th century wood block prints have made Fujisan become an internationally recognized icon of Japan and have had a deep impact on the development of Western art. The inscribed property consists of 25 sites which reflect the essence of Fujisan’s sacred landscape. In the 12th century, Fujisan became the centre of training for ascetic Buddhism, which included Shinto elements. On the upper 1,500-metre tier of the 3,776m mountain, pilgrim routes and crater shrines have been inscribed alongside sites around the base of the mountain including Sengen-jinja shrines, Oshi lodging houses, and natural volcanic features such as lava tree moulds, lakes, springs and waterfalls, which are revered as sacred.
19th century wood block prints have made Fujisan become an internationally recognized icon of Japan and have had a deep impact on the development of Western art.
Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji The Great Wave off Kanagawa (神奈川沖浪裏 Kanagawa-oki nami-ura?) original print Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (富嶽三十六景 Fugaku Sanjūrokkei?) is an ukiyo-e series of large, color woodblock prints by the Japanese artist Katsushika Hokusai (1760–1849). The series depicts Mount Fuji in differing seasons and weather conditions from a variety of different places and distances. It actually consists of 46 prints created between 1826 and 1833. The first 36 were included in the original publication and, due to their popularity, ten more were added after the original publication.[1]
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The Great Wave off Kanagawa The Great Wave off Kanagawa (神奈川沖浪裏 Kanagawa-oki nami-ura?, lit. "Under a Wave off Kanagawa"), also known as The Great Wave or simply The Wave, is a woodblock print by the Japanese artist Hokusai. An example of ukiyo-e art, it was published sometime between 1830 and 1833[1] (during the Edo Period) as the first in Hokusai's series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (Fugaku sanjūrokkei (富嶽三十六景?)), and is his most famous work. This particular woodblock is one of the most recognized works of Japanese art in the world. It depicts an enormous wave threatening boats near the Japanese prefecture of Kanagawa. While sometimes assumed to be a tsunami[citation needed], the wave is, as the picture's title notes, more likely to be a large okinami – literally "wave of the open sea." As in all the prints in the series, it depicts the area around Mount Fuji under particular conditions, and the mountain itself appears in the background. Copies of the print are in many Western collections, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, the British Museum in London, the Art Institute of Chicago, and in Claude Monet's house in Giverny, France. There is also a copy in the Asian Gallery of the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne, Australia.
******* Fine Wind, Clear Morning Fine Wind, Clear Morning (凱風快晴 Gaifū kaisei), also known as South Wind, Clear Sky [1] or Red Fuji,[2] is wood block print by Japanese artist Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849), part of his Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji series. It dates from approximately 1830-32, the Edo period,[2] and is currently held by museums worldwide, including the British Museum[3] in London, the Metropolitan Museum of Art[2] in New York City, and the Indianapolis Museum of Art.
歌川広重のは、『六十余州名所図会』「駿河 三保のまつ原」というんですね。英語だとFamous Views of the 60-odd Provinces のThe Pine Grove at Mio in Suruga Provinceとなるようです。
日本人にとっては、１８７８年に出版されたUnbeaten Tracks in Japan（日本奥地紀行）となるでしょうか。展覧会で紹介されていた彼女のかっこいい言葉が以下です。ありがたいことに原書はグーテンベルクで公開されています。
When I inquire about the "unbeaten tracks" that I wish to take, the answers are, "It's an awful road through mountains," or "There are many bad rivers to cross," or "There are none but farmers' houses to stop at." No encouragement is ever given, but we get on, and shall get on, I doubt not, though the hardships are not what I would desire in my present state of health. わたしのたどりたい「未踏の道」について尋ねても、「山のなかを通る恐ろしい道だ」とか、「ひどい川がいっぱいある」とか、「泊まるところが農家以外になにもない」という答えしか返ってこないのです。励ましとなる返事はひとつもありませんが、でもわたしたちは旅を続けます。いまのような健康状態では、困難な旅などとうてい望んではいないとはいえ。
For long I looked in vain for Fujisan, and failed to see it, though I heard ecstasies all over the deck, till, accidentally looking heavenwards instead of earthwards, I saw far above any possibility of height, as one would have thought, a huge, truncated cone of pure snow, 13,080 feet above the sea, from which it sweeps upwards in a glorious curve, very wan, against a very pale blue sky, with its base and the intervening country veiled in a pale grey mist. {1} It was a wonderful vision, and shortly, as a vision, vanished. Except the cone of Tristan d'Acunha—also a cone of snow—I never saw a mountain rise in such lonely majesty, with nothing near or far to detract from its height and grandeur. No wonder that it is a sacred mountain, and so dear to the Japanese that their art is never weary of representing it. It was nearly fifty miles off when we first saw it.
The Tony Soprano of North Korea As Pyongyang shuts its nuclear reactor, TIME reveals the criminal enterprises that keep Kim Jong Il in power By Adam Zagorin and Bill Powell Thursday, July 12, 2007 http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1642898,00.html
Top 10 Pop-Culture Gangsters Steve Buscemi portrays a powerful politico and gangster named Nucky Thompson in HBO's new series Boardwalk Empire. To mark the show's premiere, TIME takes a look at other Mob bosses who have reigned on American television and movie screens
Wiseguys Tony Soprano By Chris GentilvisoFriday, Sept. 17, 2010
Every grandiose goombah needs his comfort food. But the most cavalier criminals never chew. Marvel as Tony Soprano (James Gandolfini) and his fork approach a world record for ziti stabbings in this scene. The subject behind his al dente mood is Paulie Gualtieri (Tony Sirico), a paranoid yet paramount underboss in the DiMeo crime family. As rumblings surface over Paulie's loose tongue, Tony battles endlessly to cajole his tanned partner's confession. Frustrated with the back-and-forth banter, Tony turns to drinks. But he's thinking "whack" the entire time. One of the most complex, profane and memorable TV shows of all time, The Sopranos enthralled viewers for six seasons on HBO. The source of much of that fascination was the family head himself — a psychologically fragile Mob boss capable of incredibly rash acts of violence. It's hard to watch Gandolfini act in any other role without thinking, "Tony."
Tony Soprano By TIME Staff Sept. 17, 2009Add a Comment Cast: Edie Falco, James Gandolfini, Drea de Matteo, Jamie-Lynn Sigler, Michael Imperioli Spoiler alert: The embedded video clip is the series’ final scene. Show: The Sopranos Kids: Daughter, Meadow; Son, A.J. Known for: Anxiety attacks; infidelity; running the North Jersey mafia As a father, Tony Soprano had his shortcomings. For starters, he’s the only member of this list to have one of his daughter’s boyfriends’ whacked. (He also spewed racial epithets at another of Meadow’s boyfriends, garroted a turncoat associate while ferrying his daughter on a college tour, and regularly berated his son.) Nevertheless, Tony’s struggle to balance the stresses of running his fracturing crime family and provide for his troubled domestic one was the emotional heart of the acclaimed drama. Though often clumsy or brutish, his efforts at parenting were sincere, and revealed to viewers the vulnerable side of an exceedingly dangerous character.
以前取り上げたAll in the Familyというドラマの頑固親父Archie Bunkerも入っていました。
Archie Bunker By TIME Staff Sept. 17, 20090 Cast: Carroll O'Connor, Jean Stapleton, Rob Reiner Show: All in the Family / Archie Bunker’s Place Kids: Gloria Known for: Bigotry, conservatism Archie Bunker wasn’t a warm and fuzzy father. As a dad, he was definitively old school — a domineering, reactionary World War II veteran prone to racial stereotyping and resentment of anything unusual or different. His daughter, Gloria, and her liberal husband, Mike, were foils to Bunker’s aging views and frequent targets of Bunker’s harangues, as was Lionel Jefferson, the son of Bunker’s African-American neighbors in Queens (until the Jeffersons moved on up to the East Side in their own sitcom). But this was a comedy, after all, and Bunker’s resentment and bigotry was often tempered by a soft heart. Though retired in 1983 with the end of his spinoff, Archie Bunker’s Place, Bunker’s staying power is impressive: TV Guide named him the all-time greatest TV character in 1999.
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確かに今週のニューヨーカーもBig Brother is watching you.がモチーフでUncle Sam is listening.のイラストでした。
The idea that Orwell’s super weapon applies to Obama’s America is ubiquitous and bipartisan. Former Alaska governor Sarah Palin, who likely wouldn’t know Winston Smith from Winston Churchill, told an audience that “now more than ever it just seems so Orwellian” in Washington, D.C. On the cover of its latest issue, The New Yorker depicts Uncle Sam peering into American bedrooms; the artist told the magazine that “George Orwell’s ghost is shaking his head saying, ‘I told you so.’” Al Jazeera asked if “Obama [is] going beyond Orwellian,” which, a reader of 1984 might note, would necessitate the establishment of a Khmer Rouge–like state in America.
挿入写真のキャプションにAre we a nation of Winton Smiths?とありますが、Winton Smithsは１９８４の主人公です。ウィキペディアは項目をたててくれています
（ウィキペディア） Winston Smith is a fictional character and the protagonist of George Orwell's 1949 novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. The character was employed by Orwell as an everyman in the setting of the novel, a "central eye ... [the reader] can readily identify with"
The rule here is simple: If you are invoking 1984 in a country in which 1984 is available for purchase and can be freely deployed as a rhetorical device, you likely don’t understand the point of 1984.
Indeed, 1984 is a book not only about surveillance but also the full-spectrum dominance of Stalinist totalitarianism, from the government-directed corruption of language (“WAR IS PEACE, FREEDOM IS SLAVERY, and IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH”) to absolute control of information and historical inquiry. Such states exist, like the truly Orwellian slave state of North Korea, where all apartments are fitted with radios offering a single government station and no off switch, but they bear little resemblance to contemporary America.
このような騒動で1984を引き合いにだすことは、オーウェルの1984の無理解ではないかと疑念をていしています。 But Orwell’s complexity evaporates in the political struggle for ownership of his soul; his work endlessly adduced in service of various liberal, libertarian, and conservative causes. The promiscuous use of 1984 comparisons, Kremlinologist Robert Conquest once noted, demonstrated an ignorance of both Orwell’s intentions and worldview: “To apply Orwell’s highly specific totalitarian terror-falsification concepts to assorted Western notions is to dilute, indeed to stultify, Orwell’s point ... Above all, this sort of thing distorts Orwell’s view of the totalist terror state as something distinct and different from our own imperfect societies—indeed, something to be resisted at all costs.”
まあ、オーウェルの1984での本当のメッセージというよりも、Big Brother is watching you.がキャッチーだから使っているだけかもしれませんね。「本当は…」というパターンって結構ありますから。。。
From time to time, Ittetsu Nemoto gets a group of suicidal people together to visit popular suicide spots, of which there are many in Japan. The best known is Aokigahara forest, the Sea of Trees, at the foot of Mt. Fuji. The forest became associated with suicide in the nineteen-sixties, after the publication of two novels by Seicho Matsumoto, and even more so after Wataru Tsurumi’s 1993 “Complete Manual of Suicide” declared it the perfect place to die. Because its trees grow so closely together that they block the wind, and because there are few animals or birds, the forest is unusually quiet. The Sea of Trees is large, fourteen square miles, so bodies can lie undiscovered for months; tourists photograph corpses and scavenge for abandoned possessions. Another common suicide destination is Tojinbo cliff, which overlooks the Sea of Japan. Visiting such a place turns out to be very different from picturing it. The sight of the sea from a cliff top can be a terrible thing.
At other times, Nemoto, a Buddhist priest, conducts death workshops for the suicidal at his temple. He tells attendees to imagine they’ve been given a diagnosis of cancer and have three months to live. He instructs them to write down what they want to do in those three months. Then he tells them to imagine they have one month left; then a week; then ten minutes. Most people start crying in the course of this exercise, Nemoto among them.
Abenomics Not so super The “third arrow” of reform has fallen well short of its target; time for Shinzo Abe to rethink Jun 15th 2013 |From the print edition
Mr Abe must honour this pledge and face down his own MPs on reforms, as he did when he signed up to talks on the TPP. Now, more than ever, he cannot afford to become distracted by his pet project of changing Japan’s post-war constitution. Instead he should first fill his cabinet with reformists and then take on the rest of his party. Issue by issue, he will need to isolate and then defeat the opponents of change.
It is still too early to write off Abenomics. But this was a bad week for Japan.
Meigs Field, once the busiest single-runway airport in the United States, served downtown Chicago for more than 50 years. Its operations came to an end on March 30, 2003, when Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley, citing public safety concerns, ordered bulldozers to destroy the runway. Since then, the once-bustling airport has stood vacant, pending ambitious plans for conversion into a park.
1問目のマヤ文明のときはsomething that is relevant to modern timesとありましたが、２問目の空港の話は2003年の市長の行動がどういう意義があるのだろうとふと思ったのです。
Ten years ago as Mayor Richard M. Daley worked through political channels to accelerate federal approval to build new runways at the airport his father had dearly called "O'Hara," the mayor also issued an infamous order to destroy Chicago's little lakefront airport.
The mastermind behind it has moved to rural North Carolina to raise goats and make cheese. The field general works for an electrical contractor after being jailed for public corruption. And the boss who ordered it is now a retired mayor with a lucrative career in the private sector.
Ten years ago Saturday, Richard M. Daley sent in bulldozers under cover of darkness to carve giant X’s into Meigs Field’s only runway.
どちらの記事も書き出しにはTen years agoという表現が入っていますよね。英検の文章にも入っていれば、これは振り返りの記事なのだなと分かってよかったのではないかと思いました。自分は最後まで、どんな観点から書こうとした記事なのかピンときませんでしたから。
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問題本文では以下のようにこの本について触れています。
When Pinker first put forward his theory in a 2006 magazine article, it sparked an astonishing reaction. Researchers in many different fields contacted him, offering additional findings to support his theory. Pinker was convinced that the subject de- served more extensive investigation, and in 2011 he published The Better Angels of Our Nature, a book that expanded upon his ideas.
厚い本で自分自身もまだ読んでいませんが、2011年発刊当時にピンカー自らがNatureに解説記事を投稿していました。このNatureの記事も次に紹介するNew York Timesの記事も2500語程度で、3倍くらいの量があります。ちょっと長めの記事ですが、Timeのカバーストーリーよりは少ない量です。これくらいの量に免疫ができるレベルを目指したいものです。
Taming the devil within us We are getting smarter, and as a result the world is becoming a more peaceful place, says Steven Pinker. October 20, 2011
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Natureの記事で本のタイトルにも触れている、彼のメッセージの核心ともいえる部分が以下です。リンカーンの言葉と言っていますね。記事冒頭の動画10分あたりでもそのことに触れています。 So what has caused the drop in violence? Little if any of the decline can be explained by natural selection. Biological evolution has a speed limit measured in generations, and many of the declines have unfolded over decades or years.
The most promising explanation, I believe, is that the components of the human mind that inhibit violence — what Abraham Lincoln called “the better angels of our nature” — have become increasingly engaged. Today, the most famous of the better angels is empathy. It is being studied in children, chimpanzees, undergraduates and even single neurons, and has been lauded in bestselling books as the solution to humanity’s problems. Indeed, an expansion of empathy — fostered by literacy, travel and cosmopolitanism — helps to explain why people today abjure cruel punishments and care more about the human costs of war.
先ほど引用した英検の問題でPinker first put forward his theory in a 2006 magazine articleとありましたが、自分はピンカーが2007年にNew Republicに発表した記事しか見つけられませんでした。まあ、そこでもthe better angels of our natureが使われているので、その時点から着想はあったようです。2007年のTEDの映像もついでに紹介しておきます。
What has changed, of course, is people's willingness to act on these fantasies. The sociologist Norbert Elias suggested that European modernity accelerated a "civilizing process" marked by increases in self-control, long-term planning, and sensitivity to the thoughts and feelings of others. These are precisely the functions that today's cognitive neuroscientists attribute to the prefrontal cortex. But this only raises the question of why humans have increasingly exercised that part of their brains. No one knows why our behavior has come under the control of the better angels of our nature, but there are four plausible suggestions.
映画『リンカーン』を見た自分としては、このbetter angels of our natureという言葉がどこで使われたのか気になります。とても有名な言葉のようですぐに見つかりました。1861年第1期大統領就任演説の締めの言葉の中に出てきていました。英語と日本語で対訳形式で確認できる素晴らしいサイトから引用させていただきます。
In YOUR hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in MINE, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail YOU. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. YOU have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to "preserve, protect, and defend it."
I am loathe to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.
BUILDING STORIES By Chris Ware. Pantheon Books, $50. Ware’s innovative graphic novel deepens and enriches the form by breaking it apart. Packaged in a large box like a board game, the project contains 14 “easily misplaced elements” — pamphlets, books, foldout pages — that together follow the residents of a Chicago triplex (and one anthropomorphized bee) through their ordinary lives. In doing so, it tackles universal themes including art, sex, family and existential loneliness in a way that’s simultaneously playful and profound.
雨垂れ石を穿つ AMADARE ISHI O UGATSU Raindrops will wear through a stone. (Slow and steady wins the race.) Slow accumulation and attrition are chronicled over and over in Japanese proverbs, as in “Chiri mo tsumoreba yama to naru” (“Even dust amassed will grow into a mountain”). Here, the opposite effect is described, but with the same sustained effort.
佐藤さんの話はどれも興味深かったですが、your work might look “cheap,” so you have to give it your best shot every timeというのはこの職業の難しさを感じ取れるところでした。まさに自分もボディペインティングを余技のようにみなしていていましたから。
Why did you start body painting? When it comes to work using models, because of the enormous amount of trust needed for making art out of the naked body, it’s also the most difficult. I wanted to take on that challenge. By difficult, I mean even if you’re skilled, your work might look “cheap,” so you have to give it your best shot every time.
The Model’s New Clothesは『裸の王様』の英語タイトルであるThe Emperor’s New Clothesからきたものであることに気づいた方は多かったのではないでしょうか。The Model’s New Clothesにすでに「裸」ということが含意されていることは英語話者なら感じ取れることでしょう。
（ロングマン） Emperor's New Clothes, The a fairy tale (=old children's story) by Hans Christian Andersen about an emperor who pays a lot of money for some new magic clothes which can only be seen by wise people. The clothes do not really exist, but the emperor does not admit he cannot see them, because he does not want to seem stupid. Everyone else pretends to see the clothes too, until a child shouts, "The Emperor has no clothes on!" The title is often used to describe a situation in which people are afraid to criticize something because everyone else seems to think it is good or important.
（オックスフォード） the emperor has no clothes used to describe a situation in which everybody suddenly realizes that they were mistaken in believing that somebody/something was very good, important, etc.
Soon investors will realize that the emperor has no clothes and there will be a big sell-off in stocks.
From the story of The Emperor's New Clothes by Hans Christian Andersen, in which the emperor is tricked into thinking he is wearing beautiful new clothes and everyone pretends to admire them, until a little boy points out that he is naked.
メトロポリスのケースはそのままThe model has no clothesという「裸」の意味で使われていましたが、プログレッシッブに「((比喩))虚像」とありましたが、ロングマンはa situation in which people are afraid to criticize something because everyone else seems to think it is good or important（他の誰もが素晴らしいとか重要だとかみなしているので、何かを批判するのを恐れている状況）、オックスフォードはa situation in which everybody suddenly realizes that they were mistaken in believing that somebody/something was very good, important（誰か・何かが非常に素晴らしい、重要であったと信じていたのは間違いだったと皆が突然気づいた状況）と少し違います。まあ、あの物語に即してどちらも「虚像」を指していると思えばいいのでしょう。
権力を持った人や肝いりで進められている政策などが虚像にすぎないことを示すのに使われることがありそうです。The president has no clothesで調べてみたら、以下のような記事がありました。昨年の米国大統領選の１０月の候補者同士の討論会直後に書かれた物のようです。FOXニュースなどのメディアを所有するマードック傘下のニューヨークポストこともあり、批判的にオバマ大統領の希望や変化などの虚像をロムニーは裸にしたと書いています。
He garbed the presidency in the clothing of hope and change, but after Mitt Romney stripped him bare in last Wednesday’s debate, he stands as naked before his own supporters as he has been to those who never bought into him.
まあ、今の日本でPrime Minister Abe has no clothes.とあったら、アベノミクス批判の記事かなって感じでしょうか。
同じく記事中で触れられていたポリティコの記事ではニューズウィーク編集長の社内向けメールが紹介されていました。Barry has made the point that this process is about exploring options. We will only do this sale if it reflects the value we've created. If not, we'll continue to operate it as now.あくまでオプションの一つとして売却を考えているのであり、売却先にありきではないと語っています。
So why explore a sale now? The simple reason is focus. Newsweek is a powerful brand, but its demands have taken attention and focus away from The Daily Beast. The story that hasn't been told about The Daily Beast is its strength. Deidre Depke and her team have earned the Webby for Best News site for two years running. Our traffic is up significantly yet again this year. And digital ad sales in a very tough environment are up 30% year to date.
Barry has made the point that this process is about exploring options. We will only do this sale if it reflects the value we've created. If not, we'll continue to operate it as now. Let's be clear. Exploring options for a sale is a focused process that a small team at IAC is working on. For the rest of us, we'll continue to produce a first-class Newsweek product on an ongoing basis.
The Gay Guide to Wedded Bliss Research finds that same-sex unions are happier than heterosexual marriages. What can gay and lesbian couples teach straight ones about living in harmony? LIZA MUNDY MAY 22 2013, 9:58 PM ET
As a kid, my grandparents, and millions of other viewers rarely missed an episode of the television program “All in the Family.” For those too young to know, Norman Lear’s aboriginal must-see TV hilariously highlighted the friction between the nineteen-sixties’ “progressive” generation and their parents via the bigoted, but strangely lovable, character of Archie Bunker. I suspect most of its viewers shared more in common with Archie’s prejudices than they wanted to admit, but laughing at him allowed one to take the first step towards changing one’s own biases, whether one knew it or not. （中略） Well, okay. In the spirit of openheartedness and what life is really all about, I’ll go so far as to say that the fear of others may mask some deep-seated desire to understand, and maybe even to love. Because really, what is there to be afraid of? Few people today don’t know—or have in their families—at least one loving couple who are raising children, same-sex or not. And it’s really just the loving part that matters. That same-sex marriage could go from its preliminary draft of “diagnosable” to the final edit of “so what?” must indicate some positive evolution on the part of the larger human consciousness. My wife, being a biology teacher, puts it even more succinctly: “Why are all these people so worried about who everybody else is sleeping with, anyway?” (Score two for Moms.)
So, a final draft: happy Mothers’ Day, moms. We are grateful to, and love, you all.
All in the Familyは以前の記事で、アクターズスタジオのジェームスリプトンがこれまで一番影響力の大きいテレビ番組としてあげていたものですね。
James Lipton, host, Inside the Actors Studio All in the Family gave us not stereotypes but archetypes—Archie, Edith, Meathead—and drew a line between all TV comedy that went before and everything that has come after.
ニューヨーカーの記事ではこのテレビ番組のことをhilariously highlighted the friction between the nineteen-sixties’ “progressive” generation and their parents via the bigoted, but strangely lovable, character of Archie Bunkerと紹介してくれていますね。
テレビ番組All in the Family (1971-83)の主人公Archie Bunkerは頑迷固陋なブルーカラー労働者である。保守思想の持ち主でタブー語も遠慮なく口にする。キャロル・オコナーCaroll O’Connor(1924-)が演じて好評であった。Archie Bunkerは「保守的で頑固でズバズバものを言う人」の意味で使われる。
Alice Walker, the Pulitzer Prize-winning author, has lately garnered more attention for her unhinged political views than for her writing. She has compared Fidel Castro to the Dalai Lama. She refused to allow her book "The Color Purple" to be translated into Hebrew. But perhaps nothing was more off-base—at least morally speaking—than the open letter Ms. Walker wrote in late May to singer-songwriter Alicia Keys. Ms. Walker, writing at the website of the U.S. Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel, urged Ms. Keys to cancel a July 4 performance in Israel.
この作者はアリスウォーカーが"You were not born when we, your elders who love you, boycotted institutions in the U.S. South to end an American apartheid less lethal than Israel's against the Palestinian people."と書いていることに対して２つの点をあげて批判しています。
What characterized the civil-rights movement was its strict adherence to the philosophy of nonviolence. Even when attacked with fire hoses and police dogs, civil-rights demonstrators courageously refused to retaliate.
The Palestinian leadership, by contrast, for decades has used violence whenever missile attacks or suicide bombers suit its aims. It is Israel that has shown an inclination to absorb punishment, though the country's tolerance stretches only so far before it responds militarily to attacks.
It also wouldn't hurt to remind people like Ms. Walker that no less a civil-rights leader than Martin Luther King Jr. was a fierce supporter of Israel. Days before his assassination in 1968, he said that "Israel is one of the great outposts of democracy in the world, and a marvelous example of what can be done, how desert land can be transformed into an oasis of brotherhood and democracy."
Bayard Rustin, who organized the March on Washington in 1963, also believed in Israel's cause. In the late 1960s, when some black activists began denouncing Zionism and Jews generally, Rustin cautioned against joining "in history's oldest and most shameful witch hunt, anti-Semitism."
そもそものアリスウォーカーの公開書簡はどういったものか見てみます。
Open letter from Alice Walker to Alicia Keys Dear Alicia Keys, I have learned today that you are due to perform in Israel very soon. We have never met, though I believe we are mutually respectful of each other’s path and work. It would grieve me to know you are putting yourself in danger (soul danger) by performing in an apartheid country that is being boycotted by many global conscious artists. You were not born when we, your elders who love you, boycotted institutions in the US South to end an American apartheid less lethal than Israel’s against the Palestinian people. Google Montgomery Bus Boycott, if you don’t know about this civil rights history already. We changed our country fundamentally, and the various boycotts of Israeli institutions and products will do the same there. It is our only nonviolent option and, as we learned from our own struggle in America, nonviolence is the only path to a peaceful future.
(中略)
This is actually a wonderful opportunity for you to learn about something sorrowful, and amazing: that our government (Obama in particular) supports a system that is cruel, unjust, and unbelievably evil. You can spend months, and years, as I have, pondering this situation. Layer upon layer of lies, misinformation, fear, cowardice and complicity. Greed. It is a vast eye-opener into the causes of much of the affliction in our suffering world.
I have kept you in my awareness as someone of conscience and caring, especially about the children of the world. Please, if you can manage it, go to visit the children in Gaza, and sing to them of our mutual love of all children, and of their right not to be harmed simply because they exist. With love, younger sister, beloved daughter and friend, Alice Walker
今週号のTIMEでシリアの内戦の図解記事があったのですが、そこのWhat are U.S. priorities?ではProtecting Israel Chaos in Syria may pose new security risks for the U.S.’s main regional ally, spurring more decisive action on Washington’s part.とありました。
昨年の大統領選選挙では、アリシアキーズはオバマ大統領支持で選挙活動を手伝っていましたから、米国とイスラエルの政治関係を考えるとコンサートをとりやめることはほとんどないことは想像できます。この論考でも触れていたニューヨークタイムズの記事でイスラエル訪問を楽しみにしているとキーズは語っています。I look forward to my first visit to Israel.というおなじみの表現が使われていますね。
In recent years, musicians like Elvis Costello, Gil Scott-Heron and the Pixies have withdrawn from scheduled events in Israel after pressure from pro-Palestinian groups, while other acts, including Elton John and Rihanna, have gone ahead with shows that have been protested. The scientist Stephen W. Hawking withdrew from an academic conference in Jerusalem in May, citing “advice from Palestinian academics that he should respect the boycott.”
In a statement to The New York Times, Ms. Keys said on Friday: “I look forward to my first visit to Israel. Music is a universal language that is meant to unify audiences in peace and love, and that is the spirit of our show.”
ペルシア語で歌ったイスラエル人歌手のリタさんがMusic is a universal language that is meant to unify audiences in peace and love.という台詞をいうと重みがでますが、米国のポップ歌手がこのようなことを言っても強者の論理と受け止められても仕方がない部分もあるかもしれません。
Hyperloopという新交通システムを今月２０日に発表するというのです。どういうものかと聞かれたらIt’s a cross between a Concorde and a rail gun and an air hockey table.と答えていました。なんだか分かりませんが、今までの交通機関とは違ったコンセプトなんでしょうか。。。気になります。
ざっくりとしたトラクリです。 Audience question: Can you talk about the Hyperloop? Musk: I can’t talk about that quite yet but it’ll be big news. There’s a Tesla announcement around June 20 … at some point after that will be a good time to talk about it. For those that aren’t aware, the basic idea is will there be a better way to travel quickly from LA to San Francisco than high-speed rail. The high-speed rail that’s been proposed will be the slowest bullet train in the world and the most expensive, and it’s a little depressing.
Even if I’m wrong about the economic assumptions behind the Hyperloop, it would be a really fun ride. It’s a cross between a Concorde and a rail gun and an air hockey table.
In 1972, the Rand Corporation released a paper written by physicist R.M. Salter that detailed an underground tube system that could send people from Los Angeles to New York City in 21 minutes. He called it the Very High Speed Transit System, or VHST. (Not nearly as catchy a name as Hyperloop.) Salter concluded in his paper that "the technical problems associated with the VHST development are manifold and difficult — but no scientific breakthroughs are required." In other words, the VHST isn't just some far-out dream. It can be a reality if we address some political and construction issues.
