その中で個人的に一番驚いたのが、世界遺産として富士山−信仰の対象と芸術の源泉（Fujisan, sacred place and source of artistic inspiration）にも選ばれている富士五湖という名称は富士急の社長が考案したというもの。悪く言えば客寄せの観光キャッチフレーズとして作られたものだったという事実です。ウィキペディアにもその点はしっかり載っています。
「10段階評価で評価すると何点？」なんてのはいろいろな場面で使えそうですよね。これを英語では何ていうでしょうか。大作ではないものの批評家受けはいいThe Way Way Backという映画の予告編冒頭ででてきます。
Duncan, are you sleeping? No. Let me ask you something. On a scale of one to 10, what do you think you are?" I don't know... Pick any number. Scale one to ten. A six?" I think you're a three."
"Let me ask you something. On a scale of one to 10, what do you think you are?" "I don't know... a six?" "A six? I'd put you down as a three."
嫌な義父をスティーブカレルが演じているのも新鮮ですが、この場面をThat biting dialogueとかTrent bullies him into answeringのように表現している映画評の抜粋が以下です。ああいう態度は、Duncan tries to dodge the question というのか、切れ気味に返答するのはfires backと表現しているなとか、いろいろと参考になりますね。
抜粋１ As Trent is driving and the women are napping, he looks into the rear-view mirror and asks Duncan, “On a scale of one to 10, what do you think you are? Duncan hesitates and finally answers, “I don’t know… a six?” Trent fires back, “A six? You're a three.” That biting dialogue perfectly sets the tone for the story.
抜粋２ The movie opens with Duncan in the back seat while Trent drives and goads the shy boy into giving himself a rating from 1 to 10. When Duncan tries to dodge the question, Trent bullies him into answering. "Pick any number," Trent says. "How do you see yourself? Just shout it out." Duncan grudgingly mumbles "A 6?" The overbearing Trent cuts him down with: "I think you're a 3." Instantly, we're rooting for Duncan and hating the loathsome Trent.
"We all evolve, but the place we go to in the summer remains the same."という台詞がレビューで引用されていますが、夏の思い出、少年の成長物語なのでしょうか。日本公開が楽しみです。
さて、On a scale of one to 10, what do you think you are?という表現に戻ります。こういう自己評価は答えにくいので、Duncan tries to dodge the questionとなるのもうなづけますが、On a scale of one to 10, …というのはちょくちょく聞く表現なのでチェックしておきたいです。
（ウィズダム英和辞典） on a scàle of òne to tén [1 to 10] 話 10段階で, 10点満点で On a scale of 1―10 how would you rate yourself as an actor? 役者としてはご自身に10点満点で何点をつけますか. （英辞郎） On a scale of 1 to 10, how do you rate this book? 1から10の段階で、この本をどう評価しますか？
SAMPLE SURVEY QUESTIONS: 1) On a scale of 1 – 10 with 10 being the most positive, how would you describe the overall atmosphere of physician- nurse- staff relationships at your hospital? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Very negative> Barely Positive> Somewhat Positive> Mostly Positive> Very Positive 2) Have you ever witnessed disruptive behavior from a physician at your hospital? Yes No 3) Have you ever witnessed disruptive behavior from a nurse at your hospital? Yes No
ケネディさんが駐日大使になったこともあり、我々日本人にとっても興味深い話題かもしれません。In the past six presidential elections, four candidates for President--Mitt Romney, George W. Bush, Al Gore and George H.W. Bush--were children of prominent political figuresとあるようにアメリカでも日本の世襲議員と状況はあまり変わらないようです。（政治が機能していないことも似ていますが（汗））
Words checked = [1814] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [83%]
アメリカの名門政治家と現在の世襲議員の多さに触れているところです。
As a result, the Cheney candidacy is shaping up as the latest test of dynastic power in American politics. And the odds are not exactly against her. The U.S. Constitution reads clearly, "No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States," but in a nation that forswore kings, the people have long shown a demonstrable preference for princes and princesses. Legacy candidates have dotted the American political landscape for centuries with names like Adams, Harrison, Taft, Long, Lodge and Kennedy. Even modern political history can be drawn in family trees: the Bayhs of Indiana, the Browns of California, the DeWines of Ohio, the Landrieus of Louisiana, the Pryors of Arkansas and the Udalls, a family with current elected leaders in Colorado, New Mexico and Oregon.
In 2008, when Barack Obama came from nowhere to defeat the Clinton family, there was reason to believe that dynasties were moving out of favor. But Obama proved to be the exception, not the rule. In the past six presidential elections, four candidates for President--Mitt Romney, George W. Bush, Al Gore and George H.W. Bush--were children of prominent political figures. A fifth, John McCain, was the son and grandson of four-star Navy admirals. And 2016 could well turn out to be a battle between former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, 24 years after her husband became President, and former Florida governor Jeb Bush--the son and brother of Presidents. Senator Rand Paul, son of three-time presidential candidate and former Representative Ron Paul, is a likely contender on the Republican side, and New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, son of former governor Mario Cuomo, could seek the Democratic nomination if Clinton decides against running. On July 24, Obama announced his intent to nominate Caroline Kennedy, the daughter of President John F. Kennedy, as the next U.S. ambassador to Japan. "After a good dose of fresh faces for hope and change, I think the pendulum may be swinging back to a greater voter appetite for continuity and experience," said Mark McKinnon, a strategist for the 2000 and 2004 Bush presidential campaigns.
Heredity can act as a handy shortcut around the high barriers to entry of the modern campaign. The financial costs of running a ground operation, hiring consultants and airing television ads have skyrocketed. The increasingly celebritized nature of politics has turned politicians' families into stories in their own right. And the advantage of name recognition may be surpassed only by the political networks of high-powered supporters that come with it. There is also the advantage of experience. These candidates start young, dragged to county fairs and Fourth of July parades from their earliest years, and grow up knocking on doors and passing out yard signs. "From someone who had to walk in my first parade at 4 and had to go door to door with my mother, you either completely embrace it or completely shy away from it," said Wyoming-based political consultant Bill Novotny III, the son of a county clerk.
先ほどのケネディさんの記事で、ワシントンポストはCamelot is well-remembered in that countryとありました。そうか、あのライシャワー大使もケネディ政権が任命したのですね。ライシャワーさんの書いた国際化についての本が高校時代の英語の教科書として使われていたので、自分としても思い出深いです。
And while the former first daughter does not have their legislative experience — and scant experience with Japan — Camelot is well-remembered in that country.
John F. Kennedy’s moves to improve relations with Japan — including dispatching Robert F. Kennedy on a mission to repair ties and naming scholar Edwin O. Reischauer as ambassador — are fondly recalled.
Camelot 「キャメロット」 ジョン・ケネディ John F. Kennedy (1917-63)が大統領に就任した1961年に、ブロードウェイではミュージカルCamelotが人気を呼んでいた。リチャード・バートン Richard Burton (1925-84)とジュリー・アンドリュース Julie Andrews (1935-)の主演であった。Camelotは中世伝説のアーサー王がその宮廷をおいた町の名である。理想主義に燃える若き大統領と魅力的な夫人の醸し出す新政権の雰囲気が、アーサー王の宮廷の華やかさと重なって、いつしか、ケネディ政権のことをCamelotと言うようになった。
ウィキペディアでジョン・F・ケネディの項目でCamelotの説明がありました。索引のところでは、Camelot era, a nickname for the Kennedy Administration, stressing its glamorous, media-culture imageと簡潔に説明してくれています。
（ウィキペディア） Camelot Era Kennedy and his wife were younger in comparison to the presidents and first ladies that preceded them, and both were popular in the media culture in ways more common to pop singers and movie stars than politicians, influencing fashion trends and becoming the subjects of numerous photo spreads in popular magazines. Although Eisenhower had allowed presidential press conferences to be filmed for television, Kennedy was the first president to ask for them to be broadcast live and made good use of the medium.[261] Mrs. Kennedy brought new art and furniture to the White House, and directed its restoration. They invited a range of artists, writers and intellectuals to rounds of White House dinners, raising the profile of the arts in America.
（中略）
The charisma of Kennedy and his family led to the figurative designation of "Camelot" for his administration, credited by his wife, who coined the term for the first time in print during a post-assassination interview with Theodore White, to his affection for the then contemporary Broadway musical of the same name
The 1963 LIFE article represented the first use of the term “Camelot” in print and is attributed with having played a major role in establishing and fixing this image of the Kennedy Administration and period in the popular mind.
Dumbfounded American leaders gaped at the newspaper headlines and TV footage of their angry ally. What the hell was happening in Japan? Harvard’s Reischauer provided an answer in the pages of Foreign Affairs. “Never since the end of the war,” wrote the historian in the magazine’s October 1960 issue, “has the gap in understanding between Americans and Japanese been wider.” In his article, titled “The Broken Dialogue with Japan,” Reischauer lambasted the U.S. “occupation mentality” and urged the United States to change its attitudes and policies to avoid losing the alliance. He said most demonstrators “wanted the treaty killed and the present military link with the United States, together with the existing American bases in Japan, either eliminated at once or else ended in stages.” He cautioned that the issue of American control of Okinawa could someday break the alliance.
An interested reader of Reischauer’s diagnosis was John Kennedy, who upon becoming president tapped the scholar to be ambassador to Japan. Reischauer had no diplomatic experience, but he had been born in Japan, spoke the language and was a renowned expert on the country. Besides, he had an accomplished Japanese wife. Upon arriving in Japan, Edwin and Haru Reischauer immediately became a media sensation. The ambassador proclaimed his aim to allay the “serious misapprehensions, suspicions, and lingering popular prejudices” between the two peoples.
. Marcel Lettre – Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, Department of Defense . Robert M. Simon – Associate Director for Energy and Environment, Office of Science and Technology Policy . Caroline Kennedy – Ambassador to Japan, Department of State
The President also announced his intent to appoint the following individual to a key Administration post: • Betty Sutton – Administrator, Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation
President Obama said, “These fine public servants both bring a depth of experience and tremendous dedication to their new roles. Our nation will be well-served by these individuals, and I look forward to working with them in the months and years to come.”
重要閣僚の場合は、オバマ大統領とその任命者が登場して、記者の前で発表するというかたちをとりますが、今回はこれだけのようです。AP通信は今回のケネディさんの発表の仕方について、The White House announced her nomination without any particular fanfareと表現しています。面白いですね。
The White House announced her nomination without any particular fanfare, listing her in a news release along with other selections for administration posts. Obama said in a statement that all the choices bring “a depth of experience and tremendous dedication to their new roles,” but he offered no comment specific to Kennedy.
In naming Ms. Kennedy, whose nomination has been rumored for months, Mr. Obama is keeping with a well-established tradition of rewarding important campaign supporters with plum embassies. He recently put forward big-dollar fund-raisers to be envoys in London, Berlin, Copenhagen and Madrid.
But Ms. Kennedy’s value to Mr. Obama has been less about money than mystique. As the daughter of President John F. Kennedy, her imprimatur on his candidacy in 2008 — along with that of her uncle, Senator Edward M. Kennedy of Massachusetts — elevated Mr. Obama at a crucial moment against his better-known rival, Hillary Rodham Clinton.
Ms. Kennedy, 55, a lawyer and an author who has served as director of numerous nonprofit organizations, has never worked in government and has no special expertise in Japan. But some experts said her lack of knowledge is outweighed by her connections to the Oval Office. She shares that with other marquee figures who have served as ambassador to Tokyo, including former Vice President Walter F. Mondale; Howard Baker, a former senator and White House chief of staff; and Thomas S. Foley, a former House speaker.
“What you really want in an ambassador is someone who can get the president of the United States on the phone,” Mr. Campbell said. “I can’t think of anybody in the United States who could do that more quickly than Caroline Kennedy.”
Her stature, he said, should assuage Japan’s worries that in Washington, Tokyo takes a back seat to Beijing. The current ambassador to China, Gary F. Locke, was commerce secretary during Mr. Obama’s first term, but he hardly knows the president as well as Ms. Kennedy does.
ワシントンポストの記事も2008年での大統領選挙での貢献を理由にあげていますが、個人的に興味を引かれたのはafter Tokyo recently gave its approval to receive the first woman as U.S. ambassador to Japanとアメリカがまず日本に打診をしてから発表したと書いているところです。
Kennedy, whose early and strong support for Obama’s 2008 bid gave his candidacy a key boost in helping him win the nomination over then-front-runner Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, had been expected to get a top job in the administration.
Wednesday’s official announcement, anticipated for several months, comes after Tokyo recently gave its approval to receive the first woman as U.S. ambassador to Japan.
Statement by the Press Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the nomination of Ms. Caroline Kennedy as new U.S. Ambassador to Japan July 25, 2013 Japanese 1. The Government of Japan welcomes the nomination of Ms. Caroline Kennedy as new U.S. Ambassador to Japan. 2. The GOJ understands that Ms. Caroline Kennedy has the deep confidence of President Obama, and it highly appreciates her nomination as reflecting the great importance the Obama Administration attaches to the Japan-U.S. alliance. 3. The GOJ expects that Ms. Caroline Kennedy will assume her new post at an early date and play an active role in various fields. The GOJ will work closely and cooperate with Ms. Caroline Kennedy and make efforts to further enhance the Japan-U.S. alliance.
世田谷美術館で榮久庵憲司とGKの世界という展覧会を見てきました。Seeking Soul in Things, Bringing Life to People（ものに心を、人に世界を）やDemocratization of Things, Democratization of Beauty（モノの民主化、美の民主化）などの言葉が印象的でした。
Just 16 and recently released from a naval academy, Kenji Ekuan witnessed Hiroshima’s devastation from the train taking him home. “Faced with that nothingness, I felt a great nostalgia for human culture,” he recalled from the offices of G. K. Design, the firm he co-founded in Tokyo in 1952. “I needed something to touch, to look at,” he added. “Right then I decided to be a maker of things.”
One of the most enduring objects in his 60-year design career — which includes the Akita bullet train and Yamaha motorbikes — is the Kikkoman soy-sauce dispenser. Introduced in 1961, it has been in continuous production ever since. Traditional in its grace yet modern in its materials, the bottle’s design drew on Ekuan’s experiences at war’s end. The atomic blast killed his younger sister, and his father, a Buddhist priest, died of radiation-related illness a year later, prompting Ekuan to train briefly as a Buddhist monk in Kyoto.
It took three years for Ekuan and his team to arrive at the dispenser’s transparent teardrop shape. More than 100 prototypes were tested in the making of its innovative, dripless spout (based on a teapot’s, but inverted). The design proved to be an ideal ambassador. With its imperial red cap and industrial materials (glass and plastic), it helped timeless Japanese design values — elegance, simplicity and supreme functionality — infiltrate kitchens around the world.
3分30秒あたりから The nature of our mortal lives is in the consequence of our words and deeds. The fundaments upon all our knowledge and learning rests is the inexplicable. We’re always interested, as storytellers all three of us, in the nature of that inexplicability. 死すべき存在としての我々の本質は、言葉と行いの結果としてあります。我々の知識と学問の土台となっているのは説明できないものです。私たちがいつも興味を引かれているのは、語り手として、我々３人は、この説明できないものの本質なのです。
To deny our own impulses is to deny the very thing that makes us unique. （自分の衝動を否定することは、自分をかけがえのないものにしてくる、まさにそのものを否定することになるの）
I think anyone who goes through something so difficult you know you become detached from that somewhat and you’re just like you’re so insulated by your experience and it’s so intense you’re just you’re trying to make everything perfect and you can’t look up and then suddenly he was like “look up, look up.” （あまりにも大変なことを経験している人は、自分を切り離して、自分の経験とは切り離して、あまりにも集中して、すべてを完璧にやろうとしてしまっているので、顔を上げることができなくなってしまいます。そして「見上げて、見上げてごらん」と言う状態に陥ってしまうのです）
（下記動画の３分５７秒あたりから） Hannah, can you hear me? Wherever you are, look up! Look up, Hannah! The clouds are lifting! The sun is breaking through! We are coming out of the darkness into the light! We are coming into a new world-a kindlier world, where men will rise above their greed, their hate and their brutality. Look up! Hannah! The soul of man has been given wings and at last he is beginning to fly. He is flying into the rainbow-into the light of hope-to you-to me- and to all of us! Look up, Hannah! Look up! （Yutaのざっくり訳） ハナ、聞こえるかい。どこにいたとしても、顔を上げて。見上げてごらん、ハナ。雲が晴れて、太陽が差し込んでいるから。わたしたちは闇から抜け出し、明るさを取り戻しているんだ。新しい世界に踏み入れているんだ。そこは、やさしさにあふれた世界。人間は自分の欲望や憎しみ、凶暴さを克服することになるだろう。見上げてごらん。人間の魂には翼を与えられて、ようやく飛び立とうとしているんだ。虹に向かって飛び立っている。希望に照らされた中、ハナに、わたしに、皆に向かっているんだ。顔を上げて、ハナ。見上げてごらん。
（トランスクリプト） "I'm sorry, but I don't want to be an emperor. That's not business. I don't want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone-if possible-Jew, Gentile-black man-white.
We all want to help one another. Human beings are like that. We want to live by each other's happiness-not by each other's misery. We don't want to hate and despise one another. In this world there is room for everyone. And the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone. The way of life can be free and beautiful, but we have lost the way. Greed has poisoned men's souls-has barricaded the world with hate-has goosestepped us into misery and bloodshed. We have developed speed, but we have shut ourselves in. Machinery that gives abundance has left us in want. Our knowledge has made us cynical. Our cleverness, hard and unkind. We think too much and feel too little. More than machinery we need humanity. More than cleverness we need kindness and gentleness. Without these qualities life will be violent and all will be lost. . . .
The aeroplane and the radio have brought us closer together. The very nature of these inventions cries out for the goodness in man -cries cut for universal brotherhood-for the unity of us all. Even now my voice is reaching millions throughout the world-millions of despairing men, women and little children-victims of a system that makes men torture and imprison innocent people. To those can hear me, I say-do not despair. The misery that has come upon us is but the passing of greed-the bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress. The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the And so long as men die, liberty will never perish. . . .
Soldiers! Don't give yourselves to these brutes-men who despise you-enslave you-regiment your lives-tell you what to- what to think and what to feel? Who drill you-diet you-treat you like cattle and use you as cannon fodder. Don't give yourselves to these unnatural men-machine men with machine minds and machine hearts! You are not machines! You are men! You have the love of humanity in your hearts! Don't hate! Only the unloved hate- the unloved and the unnatural!
Soldiers! Don't fight for slavery! Fight for liberty! In the 17th Chapter of St. Luke, it is written: "The Kingdom of God is within man"-not in one man nor a group of men, but in all men! In you! You, the people have the power - the power to create machines.
The power to create happiness! You, the people, have the power to make this life free and beautiful-to make this life a wonderful adventure. Then-in the name of democracy-let us use that power-let us all unite. Let us fight for a new world-a decent world that will give men a chance to work-that will give youth a future and old age a security.
By the promise of these things, brutes have risen to power. But they lied! They do not fulfill that promise. They never will! Dictators freed themselves but they enslaved the people! Now let us fight to free the world-to do away with national barriers-to do away with greed, with hate and intolerance. Let us fight for a world of reason-a world where science-where progress will lead to the happiness of us all! Soldiers! In the name of democracy, let us unite! Hannah, can you hear me? Wherever you are, look up! Look up, Hannah! The clouds are lifting! The sun is breaking through! We are coming out of the darkness into the light! We are coming into a new world-a kindlier world, where men will rise above their greed, their hate and their brutality. Look up! Hannah! The soul of man has been given wings and at last he is beginning to fly. He is flying into the rainbow-into the light of hope-to you-to me- and to all of us! Look up, Hannah! Look up!"
Hannah, can you hear me? Wherever you are, look up! Look up, Hannah! The clouds are lifting! The sun is breaking through! We are coming out of the darkness into the light! We are coming into a new world （ハナ、聞こえるかい。どこにいたとしても、顔を上げて。見上げてごらん、ハナ。雲が晴れて、太陽が差し込んでいるから。わたしたちは闇から抜け出し、明るさを取り戻しているんだ。新しい世界に踏み入れているんだ。）
Look up! Look up!に関する記事を書いていて思い出したのは、坂本九さんの曲でした。『見上げてごらん夜の星を』は "Look up at the stars in the night"、『上を向いて歩こう』は"[I] Shall Walk Looking Up"とどちらもウィキペディアでの英訳ではLook upが使われていました。
Japan Timesの土曜日は英国のObserverの長めの記事を紹介してくれています。今回はselfieという自分撮りについて、いろいろと考察しているエッセイでした。そこで、selfieの究極形として宇宙飛行士の星出彰彦さんによる写真が紹介されていました。英語ではAki Hoshideとなっています。覚えやすいようにAkiにしているのかもしれませんね。
The trend has even reached outer space: in December, Japanese astronaut Aki Hoshide took what might be the greatest selfie of all time at the International Space Station. The resulting image encompassed the sun, the Earth, two portions of a robotic arm, a spacesuit and the deep darkness of the infinite beyond.
How selfies became a global phenomenon The smartphone self-portrait or 'selfie' has established itself a form of self-expression. Is it a harmless fad or a dangerous sign of western society's growing narcissism? Elizabeth Day The Observer, Sunday 14 July 2013
Words checked = [2772] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [84%]
It starts with a certain angle: a smartphone tilted at 45 degrees just above your eyeline is generally deemed the most forgiving. Then a light source: the flattering beam of a backlit window or a bursting supernova of flash reflected in a bathroom mirror, as preparations are under way for a night out. The pose is important. Knowing self-awareness is conveyed by the slight raise of an eyebrow, the sideways smile that says you're not taking it too seriously. A doe-eyed stare and mussed-up hair denotes natural beauty, as if you've just woken up and can't help looking like this. Sexiness is suggested by sucked-in cheeks, pouting lips, a nonchalant cock of the head and a hint of bare flesh just below the clavicle. Snap! Afterwards, a flattering filter is applied. Outlines are blurred, colours are softened, a sepia tint soaks through to imply a simpler era of vinyl records and VW camper vans. All of this is the work of an instant. Then, with a single tap, you are ready to upload: to Twitter, to Facebook, to Instagram, each likeness accompanied by a self-referential hashtag. Your image is retweeted and tagged and shared. Your screen fills with thumbs-up signs and heart-shaped emoticons. You are "liked" several times over. You feel a shiver of – what, exactly? Approbation? Reassurance? Existential calm? Whatever it is, it's addictive. Soon, you repeat the whole process, trying out a different pose. Again and again, you offer yourself up for public consumption. This, then, is the selfie: the self-portrait of the digital age. We are all at it. Just type "selfie" into the Twitter search bar. Or take a look at Instagram, where over 90m photos are currently posted with the hashtag #me.
There is nothing new about this, of course. Human beings are social animals and have long been driven by the need for approval and self-affirmation – albeit on a smaller scale. The desire for a pictorial representation of the self goes all the way back to early handprint paintings on cave walls more than 4,000 years ago. In a fast-paced world of ever-changing technology, it could be argued that the selfie is simply a natural evolution of those hands dipped in paint.
"As with so many 'new trends', this one has a fairly distinguished prehistory," explains essayist and author Geoff Dyer. "In 1925 DH Lawrence was bemoaning the way that 'each of us has a complete Kodak idea of himself'. This new phenomenon of the selfie has already been turned into a work of art which is also a sort of visual essay: Richard Misrach's 11.21.11 5.40pm consists of him taking a telephoto shot of a couple on a beach taking a picture of the sea. Then we zoom in closer and closer on each subsequent page until we are able to see the screen of their phone in which is revealed… a self-portrait."
The popularity of the selfie is, says Mariann Hardey, "an extension of how we live and learn about each other" and a way of imparting necessary information about who we are. By way of an example, Hardey says that when her father died suddenly last year, she took refuge in her Instagram feed.
スマホによるselfieの特徴はself-exposure and controlという考えにも触れています。見たい/見せたい自分を撮って発表するという流れですね。
The key is the idea of "manageable reality": celebrities can now exercise more control than ever over the dissemination of their image. The paradox at the heart of the selfie is that it masquerades as a "candid" shot, taken without access to airbrushing or post-production, but in fact, a carefully posed selfie, edited with all the right filters, is a far more appealing prospect than a snatched paparazzo shot taken from a deliberately unflattering angle.
"It's about self-exposure and control," says artist Simon Foxall, whose work questions the parameters of individuality and self-expression. "A selfie blurs the line between 'reality' and the performance of a fantasy self, so one collapses into the other."
Beyond that, a judicious use of selfies can make good business sense too: Alexa Chung and Florence Welch have both used selfies to post daily updates on what they are wearing, thereby cementing their position as modern style icons and guaranteeing, no doubt, the continuation of a series of lucrative fashion deals. (Chung, for one, has designed a womenswear line for the fashion brand Madewell for the last three years.)
In some ways, of course, the notion of control is disingenuous: once a selfie is posted online, it is out there for public delectation. Future employers can see it. Marketers can use it. A resentful former lover could exploit it.
You can use digital technology to manipulate your own image as much as you like. But the truth about selfies is that once they are online, you can never control how other people see you.
Selfies: A brief history 2005 The term "selfie" is first used by Richard Krause in a "how-to" photography guide. "The guesswork that goes into selfies often results in serendipitous photographic surprises," he notes.
Feb 2007 A user of the photo-sharing site Flickr creates a group called "selfie shots", defining selfie as: "A photograph of oneself in an arm-extended posture. Not to be confused with a photo of oneself in a mirror or other reflected surface."
June 2010 Apple releases the iPhone 4 featuring a very basic front-facing camera, which was included to enable users to take advantage of video-calling apps such as Apple's FaceTime and Skype, but also allows users to frame their self-portraits. Oct 2010 Instagram is launched, reaching more than 100 million active users by April 2012. The app enables people to share photos from their smartphones and enhance them with filters. Since its launch more than 23m photos have been uploaded to the app with the "#selfie" hashtag.
June 2012 Selfie joins the OED's watchlist of words for possible inclusion. "This colloquial term for a photographic self-portrait has thus far appeared primarily in social media contexts," it notes.
Dec 2012 Selfie appears in Time magazine's top buzzwords of 2012. "Selfies are often snapped at odd angles with smartphones and include part of the photographer's arm," it observes. Jan 2013 The Obamas' daughters, Malia and Sasha, are pictured taking a selfie at their father's presidential inauguration.
March 2013 The Daily Mail publishes its first moral panic piece about selfies, headlined: "The craze for pouting pictures I fear my daughters will end up regretting." The writer adds: "It's as though a whole generation of teenage girls has lost the ability to smile naturally."
April 2013 The Samsung Galaxy S4 is released, featuring a 2 megapixel front-facing camera.
June 2013 Instagram launches the fourth version of its software, the app's new 15-second video feature. The age of the selfie movie is upon us…
The Power of the Bilingual Brain Learning a second language can produce a nimbler mind. Now some schools are finding new ways to help students tap the benefits By Jeffrey Kluger / Salt Lake City Monday, July 29, 2013
Words checked = [2781] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [86%]
定期購読者限定の記事なので、エッセンスとなりそうな部分だけを抜粋します。
All over Utah, elementary-school students are joking and studying and singing and reading and fluently speaking in languages not their own: French, Spanish, Mandarin Chinese and, soon, Portuguese. They are part of one of the most ambitious total-immersion language-education programs ever attempted in the U.S. It kicked off in the 2009 school year with 1,400 students in 25 schools and by this fall will include 20,000 kids in 100 schools--or 20% of all the elementary schools in the state, with nearly 95% of school districts participating up through grade 12. Competition for spots in the program is keen: families apply online before kids enter kindergarten or first grade--depending on the school district--and the ones who will participate are picked by lottery. Those who are chosen take half their subjects each day in the new language and the other half in English.
The idea behind the program has less to do with the usual talk about a globalizing world and America's need to become a polyglot nation if it's going to compete effectively with China and other rising economies--though that's part of it--and more to do with the nimble minds of the boys and girls doing the learning. Research is increasingly showing that the brains of people who know two or more languages are different from those who know just one--and those differences are all for the better. Multilingual people, studies show, are better at reasoning, at multitasking, at grasping and reconciling conflicting ideas. They work faster and expend less energy doing so, and as they age, they retain their cognitive faculties longer, delaying the onset of dementia and even full-blown Alzheimer's disease.
この記事のつかみは、小学校の先生であるCha-Philippeさんのある生徒がJe mange le professeur.（私は先生を食べてしまいます）と学習しているフランス語でジョークをいったことに感激しているところから始まりました。
Technically, that's not what the little girl said. What she said was "Je mange le professeur." Then she laughed in delight and pride, and Cha-Philippe did too. Just months before, the child had not spoken a word of French. Now she spoke many words. That day, she was working with the verb manger and was supposed to say, "I eat the banana." Instead she made a tiny, silly, first-grader's joke. She had stopped wrestling with the language and had begun playing with it--and with that, she had crossed a threshold.
"It was such a wonderful experience," says Cha-Philippe. "She realized that it was possible to combine words and make a joke in a language that wasn't her own."
(弁護士の謝罪声明) We, Russells Solicitors, apologise unreservedly for the disclosure caused by one of our partners, Chris Gossage, in revealing to his wife’s best friend, Judith Callegari, during a private conversation that the true identity of Robert Galbraith was in fact J K Rowling.
Whilst accepting his own culpability, the disclosure was made in confidence to someone he trusted implicitly. On becoming aware of the circumstances, we immediately notified JK Rowling’s agent. We can confirm that this leak was not part of any marketing plan and that neither J K Rowling, her agent nor publishers were in any way involved.
(ローリングの声明) A tiny number of people knew my pseudonym and it has not been pleasant to wonder for days how a woman whom I had never heard of prior to Sunday night could have found out something that many of my oldest friends did not know.
To say that I am disappointed is an understatement. I had assumed that I could expect total confidentiality from Russells, a reputable professional firm and I feel very angry that my trust turned out to be misplaced.
フォーマルな場で直接的な表現で非難をすると角がたちやすいですから、どうしても婉曲的な表現が好まれるようです。ローリングはもの凄く怒っていることは分かりますが、To say that I am disappointed is an understatement.とか、I feel very angry that my trust turned out to be misplaced.とか言っています。確かにI feel very angryは直接的な感情表現ですが、情報漏洩をした事実をthat節に用いるのではなく、my trust turned out to be misplaced.（私の信頼が裏切られたことが分かった）と間接的に語っていますね。
To say that I am disappointed is an understatement.というのは決まり表現のようで、の形の例文をほとんどの辞書が紹介しています。To 不定詞は主語にならないというのは一般論として正しいかもしれませんが、このような決まった言い回しもあることをたくさんの用例に触れて実感していきたいですね。the understatement of the yearに関しては「今年一番の控えめな表現」という意味ですが、「年間」というのに特に深い意味はなく単なる強調表現なのでしょう。
(オックスフォード) understatement 1 [countable] a statement that makes something seem less important, impressive, serious, etc. than it really is To say we were pleased is an understatement (= we were extremely pleased). “These figures are a bit disappointing.” “That's got to be the understatement of the year.”
（ロングマン） understatement 1 [countable] a statement that is not strong enough to express how good, bad, impressive etc something really is: To say the movie was bad is an understatement. 'It wasn't very easy to find the house.' 'That's got to be the understatement of the year!'
（ケンブリッジ） understatement a statement that describes something in a way that makes it seem less important, serious, bad, etc. than it really is, or the act of making such statements: To say that her resignation was a shock would be an understatement - it caused panic. That New York City is not a peaceful place to live is the understatement of the year/month/century.
テレグラフの書評では５段階中４の高評価でした。 JK Rowling's crime novel: the verdict Jake Kerridge praises The Cuckoo's Calling, JK Rowling's debut crime novel - and kicks himself for not guessing earlier that she was writing under a pseudonym.
In short, this is a sharply contemporary novel full of old-fashioned virtues; there is room for improvement in terms of construction, but it is wonderfully fresh and funny. I hope this is the inauguration of a series that lasts long enough to make Harry Potter look like a flash in the pan.
もちろん、どんな本も酷評は免れないもの。NPRでは普通の本だと手厳しかったです。「可もなく不可もなく」的な感じの場合"I've read worse, but I've read better"という表現は面白いですね。
The Only Surprise In Rowling's 'Cuckoo's Calling' Is The Author by MAUREEN CORRIGAN July 18, 2013 1:40 PM The Cuckoo's Calling falls into that vast middlin' range of fiction that I mentally shelve in the "I've read worse, but I've read better" category. I couldn't even find a memorable quote from this novel. The only really distinctive thing about The Cuckoo's Calling is its title, which comes from a Christina Rossetti poem.
（マクミラン） dirge a slow sad song often sung at a funeral
A Dirge Why were you born when the snow was falling? You should have come to the cuckoo’s calling, Or when grapes are green in the cluster, Or, at least, when lithe swallows muster For their far off flying From summer dying.
Why did you die when the lambs were cropping? You should have died at the apples’ dropping, When the grasshopper comes to trouble, And the wheat-fields are sodden stubble, And all winds go sighing For sweet things dying.
Some might imagine that JK Rowling publishing a crime novel under a pseudonym (Robert Galbraith) is the most important part of the story of the genesis of A Cuckoo’s Calling. But I say Galbraith, Schmalbraith. The real story here is that JK Rowling has borrowed her onomatopoetic, alliterative title from the Christina Rossetti poem, ‘A Dirge’ (1865).
She has also reproduced the complete poem as the novel’s epigraph. Taken together with the neo-gothic overtones of the Harry Potter series and the George Eliot-esque realism of The Casual Vacancy, Ms. Rowling’s acknowledgement of Rossetti bespeaks an acquaintance with nineteenth-century literature that makes this Victorian scholar’s heart beat faster under her sensible cardigan.
Without further ado, I would like to offer a close-reading of ‘A Dirge’ for those interested in following where JK Rowling is gently leading her more curious readers. And I do mean ‘curious’ in multiple senses of the word.
（ケンブリッジビジネス） lead [C] MARKETING a piece of information that allows a discovery to be made, customers to be found, or a solution to be found: Our business meeting gave me lots of good leads. prospect › [C] MARKETING a possible future customer: Frequently, a salesperson has only a limited amount of time for contact with customers and prospects.
Leadがcustomers to be found、prospectがa possible future customerとありますので、何となく関係性は読み取れますが、以下の画像を見ればもっとすっきり整理できそうです。
英和辞典ではsales leadで載っていました。 （英辞郎） sales lead 《a ～》セールスリード、販売プロセスの第1段階、見込み客の情報◆【直訳】販売に至る導線
（Weblio） sales lead 販売の手掛かり，糸口，セールス・リード((販売関係の照会/資料請求/訪問要請等の形をとって販売/注文の手掛かりとなる行動を示す顧客のこと；⇒lead))
（オックスフォード） lead 4 [countable] a piece of information that may help to find out the truth or facts about a situation, especially a crime synonym clue The police will follow up all possible leads.
Prospect From Mindy Lilyquist, former About.com Guide Definition: A prospect is a potential customer or sales lead which has been qualified as fitting certain criteria. This may include: fitting the target market, having buying authority and being a key decision maker. To become a prospect, an indicated interest in the product or service being offered is not always necessary. Once qualification criteria is met, the lead is then converted into a "prospect" (a potential customer). The selling phase begins AFTER the prospecting phase. A properly qualified sales prospect has a great chance of earning future sales and moving on to become a long-term customer of the company.
Not a Sales Lead A prospect is often confused as a sales lead. A sales lead is unqualified and raw contact information. Most sales leads come from purchased lists based off various demographic factors. However, leads can be found anywhere -- phone books, referral lists or even people you meet walking down the street. It is the sales department's responsibility to reach out to each lead and whittle the list down based off the qualifying criteria listed above.
The artist who designed the new Marianne image for French stamps has revealed that he was inspired by topless activist Inna Shevchenko.
The image by Olivier Ciappa and David Kawena was chosen by the president from a shortlist selected by a panel of school students. Mr Ciappa said on Twitter that their Marianne was "a mixture of several women but especially Inna Shevchenko". Ms Shevchenko, for her part, tweeted: "All homophobes, extremists, fascists will have to lick my a** when they want to send a letter." The activist is a co-founder of Femen, which uses controversial stunts to bring publicity to feminist causes.
（Wikipedia） Columbia (name) Columbia is a historical and poetic name used for the United States of America and is also the name of its female personification. It has inspired the names of many persons, places, objects, institutions, and companies; such as the District of Columbia, the site of the national capital; and Columbia University. Columbia was largely displaced as the female symbol of the U.S. by the Statue of Liberty circa 1920.
Etymology and pronunciation Columbia is a New Latin toponym, combining a stem Columb- based on the surname of the explorer Christopher Columbus and an ending -ia, common in Latin names of countries (e.g. Britannia "Britain", Gallia "Gaul"). The meaning is therefore "Land of Columbus."
'I turned down 'Robert Galbraith'': Editor admits passing on novel that turned out to be by JK Rowling Celebrated crime writer Val McDermid, who wrote a positive “blurb” for the cover of The Cuckoo’s Calling unaware it was a Rowling work NICK CLARK SUNDAY 14 JULY 2013 Literary signature: Text analysis One of those behind the unmasking of Robert Galbraith as J K Rowling was Peter Millican, a computer linguistic expert who has developed software to analyse and compare texts.
The Gilbert Ryle fellow in philosophy at Hertford College, Oxford, was brought in to analyse the text to discover whether there were tell-tale signs of Rowling’s penmanship in The Cuckoo’s Calling. His Signature stylometric system ran nine texts in just a matter of hours and discovered that the comparison between the crime thriller and two of the author’s other texts was “striking”. Professor Millican analysed the book against J K Rowling novels The Casual Vacancy and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.
The analysis included comparison with two works each from crime authors Ruth Rendell, P D James and Val McDermid. “Nine texts is not a huge amount but it was the least I needed for the test to be robust,” he said.
Two independent computer linguistic experts, Peter Millican from Oxford University and Patrick Juola from Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, ran the last Harry Potter novel and The Casual Vacancy, plus The Cuckoo’s Calling, along with two other detective books, through their specialist programmes. “It was striking that The Cuckoo’s Calling came out significantly closer to A Casual Vacancy and even Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows than the other books,” Mr Millican said.
Peter Millican教授のウエブサイトにいくとその分析ソフトが公開されていました。フリーソフトとして我々も使わせてもらえるようです。
The Signature Stylometric System A User-Friendly System for Textual Analysis Welcome to the home page of Signature, a program designed to facilitate "stylometric" analysis and comparison of texts, with a particular emphasis on author identification. The collage below on the right illustrates the sorts of task for which Signature can be used: comparing the styles of Jane Austen and other novelists; examining the "authorial signature" of the plays written by (or controversially attributed to) Shakespeare; establishing the provenance of ancient manuscripts such as the shared books of Aristotle's Ethics; identifying the author of the unattributed Federalist Papers; and investigating the relationships between Biblical scriptures (e.g. Did "Luke" write Acts? Did Paul write Hebrews?).
Register Your Interest in Signature 2.00 At present (Summer 2013), Signature has been undergoing the most important enhancement since its initial development, which is now very close to completion (testing is in hand, and documentation is 95% completed). Version 2.00 will include a wide range of new facilities, including: • More powerful file-handling and filtering tools • Ability to specify relevant alphabets and punctuation etc. for different languages/genres • Wordlist facilities extended to accommodate phrases of specified length(s) • Similar facilities for bigrams/trigrams etc. • Choice of keyness measures for key word/phrase identification • Fully automatic creation of frequent word/phrase lists • Automated monitoring of previously specified words • Powerful concordancer, enabling also punctuation and proximity searches etc. • Principal Component Analysis, applicable to all data types • Burrows' Delta analysis, applicable to all data types • Multiple chi-square analysis, applicable to all data types • Main parameters of all facilities easily configurable • Comprehensive help and theoretical documentation Investigation is also under way to test the feasibility of incorporating grammatical analysis into the concordancer, so as to enable grammar-informed searching etc. If this proves feasible, the concordancer will also be further integrated with the graphing and data analysis facilities. It may be some time before Signature 2.00 is fully tested and published here. In the meantime, if you are interested in acquiring it, please register your interest, so that you can be kept informed of progress and provided with the software at the first available opportunity. You might also be invited (on a purely optional basis, of course) to beta-test the software, assistance with which would be much appreciated.
But my fears were groundless. What he said was this: "I come to you, General MacArthur, to offer myself to the judgment of the powers you represent as the one to bear sole responsibility for every political and military decision made and action taken by my people in the conduct of war." A tremendous impression swept me. This courageous assumption of a responsibility implicit with death, a responsibility clearly belied by facts of which I was fully aware, moved me to the very marrow of my bones. He was an - Emperor by inherent birth, but in that instant I knew I faced the First Gentleman of Japan in his own right.
この自伝ではThe Occupation of Japanという章を設け50ページ以上ものページを割いて終戦直後から１０年間を回想しています。この映画は、マッカーサーの自伝を多いに参考にしているのだなと推測できます。映画は厚木基地への着陸から始まるのですが、マッカーサーの自伝も厚木基地の着陸からThe Occupation of Japanの章が始まっています。
この映画を観るまで知らなかった知識ですが、天皇陛下を直視するのは失礼に当たるので背を向ける事が礼儀だったのですね。厚木基地に降り立って車で横浜に向かう際にもAll along the roadway the fifteen miles to Yokohama they stood in a long line on each side, their backs to MacArthur in a gesture of respect. They were guarding the American Supreme Commander in the exact fashion that they guarded their Emperor.とマッカーサー将軍にも同じ礼儀をもって迎えたとあります。
All along the roadway the fifteen miles to Yokohama they stood in a long line on each side, their backs to MacArthur in a gesture of respect. They were guarding the American Supreme Commander in the exact fashion that they guarded their Emperor. There were two divisions of them, thirty thousand men fully armed. I must say that I regarded these formidable looking troops with a wary eye. My misgivings were not put at rest by this display because I could not help wondering whether the Japanese intended it as a gesture of deference, whether they felt that a strong guard like this was really necessary, or whether there was some other deep-seated, mysterious, ulterior motive.
After atom bomb were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Hirohito called a meeting of the Supreme Council on 9th August, 1945. After a long debate Hirohito intervened and said he could no longer bear to see his people suffer in this way. On 15th August the people of Japan heard the Emperor's voice for the first time when he announced the unconditional surrender and the end of the war. Naruhiko Higashikuni was appointed as head of the surrender government.
Some Allied leaders wanted Hirohito to be tried as a war criminal but General Douglas MacArthur head of the occupation forces, refused, arguing that Japan would be easier to rule if the emperor remained in office. The American-imposed Japanese constitution reduced the emperor to a ceremonial role. On 1st January 1946, Hirohito made a formal statement where he explained that the role of the emperor in Japan had changed. He explained that the ties between himself and the Japanese people had always involved "mutual trust and affection". He went on to say: "They do not depend upon mere legends and myths. They are not predicated on the false conception that the Emperor is divine and that the Japanese people are superior to other races."
Other reforms introduced by General Douglas MacArthur encouraged the creation of democratic institutions, religious freedom, civil liberties, land reform, emancipation of women and the formation of trade unions. After the war Hirohito retained the affection of the Japanese people and showed that the Japanese monarchy was indeed modernized when he gave permission for Crown Prince Akihito to marry a commoner. Hirohito, who was a notable marine biologist, died after a long illness on 7th January, 1989.
マッカーサー将軍の自伝からの抜粋は以下です。
Shortly after my arrival in Tokyo, I was urged by members of my staff to summon the Emperor to my headquarters as a show of power. I brushed the suggestions aside. "To do so," I explained, "would be to outrage the feelings of the Japanese people and make a martyr of the Emperor in their eyes. No, I shall wait and in time the Emperor will voluntarily come to see me. In this case, the patience of the East rather than the haste of the West will best serve our purpose."
The Emperor did indeed shortly request an interview. In cutaway, striped trousers, and top hat, riding in his Daimler with the imperial grand chamberlain facing him on the jump seat, Hirohito arrived at the embassy. I had, from the start of the occupation, directed that there should be no derogation in his treatment. Every honor due a sovereign was to be his. I met him cordially, and recalled that I had at one time been received by his father at the close of the Russo-Japanese War. He was nervous and the stress of the past months showed plainly. I dismissed everyone but his own interpreter, and we sat down before an open fire at one end of the long reception hall.
I offered him an American cigarette, which he took with thanks. I noticed how his hands shook as I lighted it for him. I tried to make it as easy for him as I could, but I knew how deep and dreadful must be his agony of humiliation. I had an uneasy feeling he might plead his own cause against indictment as a war criminal. There had been considerable outcry from some of the Allies, notably the Russians and the British, to include him in this category. Indeed, the initial list of those proposed by them was headed by the Emperor's name. Realizing the tragic consequences that would follow such an unjust action, I had stoutly resisted such efforts. When Washington seemed to be veering toward the British point of view, I had advised that I would need at least one million reinforcements should such action be taken. I believed that if the Emperor were indicted, and perhaps hanged, as a war criminal, military government would have to be instituted throughout all Japan, and guerrilla warfare would probably break out. The Emperor's name had then been stricken from the list. But of all this he knew nothing.
But my fears were groundless. What he said was this: "I come to you, General MacArthur, to offer myself to the judgment of the powers you represent as the one to bear sole responsibility for every political and military decision made and action taken by my people in the conduct of war." A tremendous impression swept me. This courageous assumption of a responsibility implicit with death, a responsibility clearly belied by facts of which I was fully aware, moved me to the very marrow of my bones. He was an - Emperor by inherent birth, but in that instant I knew I faced the First Gentleman of Japan in his own right.
American progress English: This painting shows "Manifest Destiny" (the religious belief that the United States should expand from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean in the name of God). In 1872 artist John Gast painted a popular scene of people moving west that captured the view of Americans at the time. Called "Spirit of the Frontier" and widely distributed as an engraving portrayed settlers moving west, guided and protected by a goddess-like figure of Columbia and aided by technology (railways, telegraphs), driving Native Americans and bison into obscurity. It is also important to note that angel is bringing the "light" as witnessed on the eastern side of the painting as she travels towards the "darkened" west.
Dear Reader, We're hard at work improving all aspects of Foreign Affairs and we want to hear from you. We would be grateful if you took three minutes to complete this short online survey.
From the survey entries, we will also select a small group of readers to visit our New York office so we can speak with you directly, and learn how you use Foreign Affairs first-hand.
All survey respondents will receive a high-quality PDF reprint of the best-selling article "Capitalism and Inequality" by Jerry Z. Muller.
To be eligible, please complete the survey by July 12th. The survey can be found online here: (ウェブアドレス)
Please let us know if you have any questions or feedback. Thank you for your continued readership.
We're hard at work improving all aspects of Foreign Affairs and we want to hear from you. →ここでは「結論（アンケート依頼）→サポート（雑誌の向上）」ではなく、「サポート（雑誌の向上）→結論（アンケート依頼）」となっています。人に依頼するような場合は、理由や意義を先に述べてからのほうが説得しやすいかもしれません。 →「意見を伺いたい」というのは仕事上でもよくあるシチュエーションだと思いますが、we want to hear from you.という表現も可能なんですね。
We would be grateful if you took three minutes to complete this short online survey. →「〜していただけますと幸いです」みたいなシチュエーションならWe would be grateful if you （動詞過去形）という表現を使えそうですね。 →took three minutesとか、complete this short online surveyとか、three minutesやshortという表現にして、短い、簡単なものですよと、ハードルを下げてアンケートに応じやすくしている工夫も真似したいところです。
To be eligible, please complete the survey by July 12th. →「〜するには、〜してください」という指示や依頼には、To不定詞, 命令形が便利ですね。TOEICではおなじみの表現ですし、活用範囲も広いので使いこなしていきたいです。
Thank you for your continued readership. →「今後ともよろしくお願いします」「引き続きよろしくお願いします」と日本語なら具体例を出さなくても座りがいい表現ですが、英語の場合はyour continued readershipのように具体的な文脈にそった表現を使うようですね。
Google検索で”Thank you for your continuing”と検索したところ、以下のようなサジェスチョンが出ていました。ここでは定期購読者に送ったものなのでreadershipが選ばれていますが、シチュエーションに合わせて使い分けていきたいです。
thank you for your continued support. 意味 thank you for your continued business thank you for your continued patronage thank you for your continued cooperation thank you for your continued help thank you for your continued support thank you for your continued patience we thank you for your continued business thank you very much for your continued support thank you very much for your continued cooperation
Whilst human kind Throughout the lands lay miserably crushed Before all eyes beneath Religion—who Would show her head along the region skies, Glowering on mortals with her hideous face— A Greek it was who first opposing dared Raise mortal eyes that terror to withstand, Whom nor the fame of Gods nor lightning's stroke Nor threatening thunder of the ominous sky Abashed; but rather chafed to angry zest His dauntless heart to be the first to rend The crossbars at the gates of Nature old. And thus his will and hardy wisdom won; And forward thus he fared afar, beyond The flaming ramparts of the world, until He wandered the unmeasurable All. Whence he to us, a conqueror, reports What things can rise to being, what cannot, And by what law to each its scope prescribed, Its boundary stone that clings so deep in Time. Wherefore Religion now is under foot, And us his victory now exalts to heaven.
I fear perhaps thou deemest that we fare An impious road to realms of thought profane; But 'tis that same religion oftener far Hath bred the foul impieties of men:（後略）
And there shall come the time when even thou, Forced by the soothsayer's terror-tales, shalt seek To break from us. Ah, many a dream even now Can they concoct to rout thy plans of life, And trouble all thy fortunes with base fears. I own with reason: for, if men but knew Some fixed end to ills, they would be strong By some device unconquered to withstand Religions and the menacings of seers. But now nor skill nor instrument is theirs, Since men must dread eternal pains in death.（後略）
Who was Poggio, then? Why did he not proclaim his identiity on his back, the way decent folks were accustomed to do? 1ie wore no insignia and carried no bundles of merchandise. He had the self-assured air of someone accustomed to the society of the great, but he himself was evidently a figure of no great consequence. Everyone knew what such an important person looked like, for this was a society of retainers and armed guards and livened servants. The stranger. simply attired, rode in the company of a single companion. when they paused at inns, the companion, who appeared to be an assistant or servant. did the ordering; when the master spoke, it became clear that he knew little or no German and that his native language was Italian.
If he had tried to explain to an inquisitive person what he was up to, the mystery of his identity would only have deepeened. In a culture with very limited literacy, to be interested in books was already an oddity. And how could Poggio have accounted for the still odder nature of his Particular interests? He was not in search of books of hours or missals or hymnals whose exquisite illuminations and splendid bindings made manifest their value even to the illiterate. These books, some of them jewel-encrusted and edged with gold, were often locked in special boxes or chained to lecterns and shelves, so that light- fingered readers could not make off with them. But they held no special appeal for Poggio. Nor was he drawn to the theol oogccal? medical, or legal tomes thar were the prestigious tools of the professional elites. Such books had a Power to impress and intimidate even those who could not read them. They had a social magic, of the kind associated for the most part with unpleasant events: a lawsuit, a painful swelling in the groin, an accusation or witchcraft or heresy. An ordinary person would have grasped that volumes of this kind had teeth and claws and hence have understood why a clever person might hunt them. Bur here again Poggios indifference was baffling.
The stranger was going to a monastery, but he was not a priest or a theologian or an inquisitor, and he was not looking for prayer books. He was after old manuscripts, many of them moldy, worm-eaten, and all but indecipherable even to the best-trained readers. If the sheets of parchment on which such books were written were still intact, they had a certain cash value, since they could be carefully scraped clean with knives, smoothed with talcum powder, and written over anew.
But Poggio was not in the parchment-buying business, and he actually loathed those who scratched off the old letters. He wanted to see what was written on them, even if the writing was crabbed and difficult, and he was most interested in manuscripts that were four or five hundred years old, going back then to the tenth century or even earlier.
To all but a handful of People in Germany, this quest, had Poggio tried to articulate it, would have seemed weird. And it would have seemed weirder still if Poggio had gone on to explain that he was not in fact at all interested in what was written four or five hundred years ago. He despised that time and regarded it as a sink of superstition and ignorance. What he really hoped to find were words that had nothing to do with the moment in which they were written down on the old parchment, words that were in the best possible case uncontaminated by the mental universe of the lowly scribe who copied them. That scribe, Poggio hoped, was dutifully and accurately copying a still older Parchment, one made by yet another scribe whose humble life was equally of no particular consequence to the book hunter except insofar as it left behind this trace. If the nearly miraculous run of good fortune held, the earlier manuscript, long vanished into dust, was in turn a faithful copy or a more ancient manuscript, and that manuscript a copy of yet another. Now at last for Poggio the quarry became exciting, and the hunter's heart in his breast beat faster. The trail was leading him back to Rome, nor the contemporary Rome of the corrupt Papal court, intrigues, Political debility, and Periodic outbreaks of bubonic plague, but the Rome of the Forum and the Senate House and a Latin language whose crystalline beauty filled him with wonder and the longing for a lost world.
Memorial service for 19 fallen Arizona firefightersに参加したバイデン副大統領の追悼スピーチが素晴らしかったと話題になっているようです。Psalm 122, verse 1 と聖書の詩編を引用していますが、耳で「サーム」となるのですぐに聖書のことだと分かるのは日本人には難しいかもしれませんね。
"Psalm 122, verse 1 reads I will lift mine eyes unto the hills from whence cometh my help. It came, it came in the form of 20 Granite Mountain Hotshots who rushed toward the flames as everyone else retreated and in the process, 19 of them gave their lives. These men were some of the strongest, most disciplined, tenacious, physically fit men in the world. An elite unit in every sense of that phrase. Their motto to me sums them up better than anything I can think of: duty, integrity, respect."
(covered with pan of crowd; shot of McCain, his wife and Janet Napolitano; zoom of names with fire hats in foreground; pan of photos of 19)
"I didn't have the privilege--or Jill--have the privilege of knowing any of these heros personally, but I know them. I know them. A cliff jumper, a rock climber a mountain biker, a football player, and Iraqi vet, a marine, a son of a firefighter, oh I know them. Confident, committed, determined, trustworthy, passionate, they were firefighters. I know them because they saved the life of my two sons when a tractor trailer broadsided my daughter, my wife and my daughter and my two sons. My wife and daughter died and but for my fire service, my two sons would have, but the jaws of life working for over an hour and a half saved them."
(covered with shot of helmets, boots and jackets lined up)
下記に紹介した記事で増上寺で杉の木を植えたことに触れています。 Zojoji Temple, planting a tree On July 15, 1879, the Grants visited the Tokugawa’s family temple Zojoji Temple at Shiba in Tokyo and planted a cedar tree which has grown to a giant tree today. After Ieyasu Tokugawa started to rule the Kanto region (eastern Japan), he accorded cordial protection to Zojoji as the family temple of the Tokugawa family. In parallel to the expansion of the Edo Castle, a large-scale construction project was also commenced for Zojoji and an unparalleled grand cathedral was built. The cathedral, temples and the mausoleum of the Tokugawa family were burnt down by air raids during World War II. However, its cathedral and other structures have been rebuilt. Located in its precincts are the tombs of six Tokugawa Shoguns and their wives and children.
After a stressful eight years as the 18th president of the United States, in the difficult reconstruction period following the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant (1822- 1885) sought a quieter life as a private citizen and planned a vacation to England with his wife and one of his sons to meet his daughter Nellie. But this voyage mushroomed into an unprecedented journey. The Grants embarked on a two-year world adventure on May 17, 1877, touring Europe, the Middle East and Asia. They were welcomed at every place they visited. They received a most enthusiastic welcome in China and in Japan.
Hama Rikyu and the meeting This year marks the 125th anniversary of Grant’s visit to Japan. Grant and his family arrived at Nagasaki, Japan on June 7, 1879. He expressed that he thought was Japan “beautiful beyond description.” They were given a hearty reception wherever they went and were treated like a general making a triumphal entrance. Since his name was well known throughout the world, the Japanese government thought it was fitting that Japan should accord him a special reception, excelling that given to other foreign guests. Grant, after traveling in Japan and seeing conditions for himself, aided by his experience as president and as a general during the Civil War, was able to give the Emperor advice which was of great value in the administration of Japan during that period. Grant and Emperor Meiji (26 years old at that time) met at Hama Detached Palace in Tokyo on Aug. 10 and Grant’s advice was received with great confidence. For instance, he gave his viewpoint regarding the foreign policy of Europe, the danger of foreign loans, universal suffrage, the affairs of the Ryukyu Islands (a territorial dispute with China), the taxes of the people, the revision of unfair treaties to Japan, national education and the engagement of the services of foreign teachers. The Emperor replied, “I have paid close attention to what you have said and shall consider it. I thank you for your kindness.”
Grant's hatred of war and everything connected with war was astonishing in a man who had enjoyed such great success as a general. He even hated paintings that depicted warfare and told John Russell Young, the writer who accompanied the Grants on their trip around the world, "I never saw a war picture that was pleasant. I tried to enjoy some of those in Versailles, but they were disgusting. Grant was unsparing in his criticism of his own participation m the Mexican War in 1845; "I know the struggle with my conscience during the Mexican War. I have never entirely forgiven myself for going to that. I had very strong opinions on the subject. I do not think there was ever a more wicked war than that waged by the United States on Mexico. I thought so at the time, when I was a youngster, only I had not moral courage to resign."
Grant had joined the army because he hated his father's work—he was a tanner—and attending the military academy at West Point offered the only possibility of getting a good education. After graduation he left the army, but because he failed at every business in which he engaged, he had no choice but to become an army officer, despite his hatred of war. He related, "1 never went into a battle willingly or with enthusiasm. I was always glad when a battle was over. I never want to command another army. I take no interest in armies. When the Duke of Cambridge asked me to review his troops at Aldershott I told his Royal Highness that the one thing I never wanted to see again was a military parade."
まったくこんなスコアになるとは想像していなかった あの二人の試合が３セットで終わるなんて Perhaps least expected of all things on this day was the scoreline: Who would have thought either player - Murray or Djokovic - would win this match in three sets?
最上級とか仮定法とか文法的な事項は抜きにして、least expected of all things on this day wasとか、Who would have thought…?なんて表現を使いこなせたらいですよね。
３セット目の4-2のリードがDjokovicにできる精一杯のことだった Djokovic would surge again in the final set, going up 4-2 after trailing 2-0. But surprisingly, that would be all the six-time major champion could produce.
「できることはせいぜい〜だった」みたいな表現も自分でつかいこなせるようになりたいですね。
（英辞郎） All I could do was keep quiet and listen. ただ黙って聞いていることしかできませんでした。
Murray with the answer to the question everybody was wondering after the straight-sets win -- >> I don't know whether you realize what you've done, but, boy, how does it feel to hold that trophy now? >> It feels slightly different than last year. [Laughter] you know, last year was won of the toughest, toughest moments of my career. So to manage to win the tournament today, it was an unbelievably tough match, so many long games. That final game was unbelievable to come back from three match points. I'm so glad to finally do it. [Cheers and applause] >> just talk us through it, the last game. It was torturous to watch as well. >> Imagine playing it. I played novak many times, and I think when everyone's finished playing he's going to go dn as one of the biggest fighters. He's come back so many times from losing positions. He almost did the same again today. That made it extra tough. I don't know, just managed to squeeze through in the end. >> You played such a great match. But how good were the fans here and on henman hill and at home? [Cheers and applause] >> you know, I know how much everyone else wanted to see a british winner at wimbledon. I hope you guys enjoyed it. I tried my best. [Cheers and applause] ! >> How much do you remember of that last point? >> I have no idea what happened. I really don't know what happened. I don't know how long that last game was. I don't kno I can't even remember, I'm sorry. [Laughter] I was concentrating. >> We will enjoy watching it time and time again. Ladies and gentlemen, the wimbledon champion for 2013, britain's andy murray -- he might be the only person that won't remember.
例えば動画の52秒当たりのところは、以下のような感じでした。
Just talk us through the last game because it was torturous to watch as well. How did you feel that last match? -Imagine playing it.
（ハラハラして）見るのが耐えられなかったというレポーターに対して、マレーはやっている方の身にもなってみてよと、Imagine playing it.と返していました。
Former player turned commentator Sue Barker would later say to Murray that it was torturous to watch. ''Imagine playing it!'' he retorted in the peremptory way he would return a second serve. An hour after the final, it was still blocking the view from the pedestal. ''That last game will be the toughest I play in my career,'' he said. ''Ever.''
Sue Barker, in the post-match exchanges, told the knight-in-waiting that the last game of the match had been “torturous to watch”; as the Scot immediately and rightly responded, just “imagine playing it”.
BOOKS / REVIEWS Letting opportunity slip away BY JEFF KINGSTON JUL 6, 2013 So why hasn’t March 11, 2011, been the game-changer that many anticipated? Richard Samuels’ masterful account of Japan’s policy responses to its greatest crisis since World War II explains why continuity has trumped change. But maybe, just maybe, it hasn’t, as he also reminds us that the consequences are still unfolding.
Crisis creates opportunity, but Japan’s politicians and mandarins let this one slip away as they resumed old battles under new guises. Samuels focuses on three policy areas — national security, energy and local government — and analyzes the competing narratives that emerged as policymakers hijacked the crisis to bolster their preferred agendas.
Loss of innocence in war for a youth looking for some meaning BY DAVID COZY JUL 6, 2013 Koji Obata, the protagonist of Hiroyuki Agawa’s novel, tends not to feel strongly about things. He is, however, convinced that this detachment is an aspect of his character that he’d like to change. Early in the novel he decides that “he [is] looking for something he could confront openly, something — immoral or not — that could really engage his emotions.” He has this realization after a couple of visits to prostitutes convince him that casual sex will not give him the emotional frisson he seeks.
With the bombing of Hiroshima we move from China, where Koji is based, to the city where Koji’s parents, friends and the girl who loves him, live. Here Agawa jettisons the detachment that Koji is, perhaps, only able to maintain because he is not at home for the bombing.
We get the horrific images that are inevitable in such accounts: “a school girl, her face deathly white and her eyebrows burned away; a soldier, the skin of his face peeling off and dangling in the air like a dust mop turned on end; a woman, her face scorched charcoal black, vomiting blood.” The quieter details Agawa evokes, however, make a deeper impression than the horrors. We learn, for example, that in the wake of the bombing, mosquito nets are unnecessary: “[T]here were … no mosquitoes flying about that night. Perhaps they had been killed off too.”
“I grew up in the midst of war,” Koji realizes toward the end of “Citadel.” In his portrait of Koji, Agawa shows us what such an upbringing — unheroic and inglorious — does.
この書評に使われていたLoss of innocenceですが、ウィキペディアには以下のような説明がありました。It is often seen as an integral part of coming of ageと大人になるために不可欠なものとみなされるようです。
(ウィキペディア) Loss of innocence A "loss of innocence" is a common theme in fiction, pop culture, and realism. It is often seen as an integral part of coming of age. It is usually thought of as an experience or period in a child's life that widens their awareness of evil, pain or suffering in the world around them. Examples of this theme include the song "American Pie"[4] and the novels To Kill a Mockingbird, The Catcher in the Rye, and Lord of the Flies.
From “Empire of the Sun” to “The Last Samurai,” and from “Memoirs of a Geisha” to “Babel” — when Hollywood film directors have turned their cameras to the Land of the Rising Sun, there is one person they have insisted on having by their side: Yoko Narahashi, a casting agent, producer, sometimes director and, in recent years, all-round interpreter of Japan for U.S. movies.
すぐに実例をご紹介できてよかったです。all-round interpreter of Japan for U.S. moviesとあるように彼女の活躍なしにハリウッド映画は日本を取り上げることはできそうもないですね。とても長い記事ですが、映画好きなら興味深く読み進めることができると思います。
Words checked = [3312] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [87%]
P/C Ikuo Minewaki, President & CEO, Tower Records Japan Inc. Event Type : PAC Summary : PRESS CONFERENCE Ikuo Minewaki, President & CEO, Tower Records Japan Inc. Language : The speech and Q&A will be in Japanese with English interpretation Description : PRESS CONFERENCE Ikuo Minewaki President & CEO, Tower Records Japan Inc. 15:00-16:00, Friday, June 21, 2013 (The speech and Q & A will be in Japanese with English interpretation) "A true survivor - Tower Records Japan" Legendary retail music chain Tower Records closed its doors in the US in 2006, unable to survive the digital era. Its major competitors eventually met the same fate. In Japan, however, Tower Records is a profitable independent company with more than 80 stores nationwide, including the famous megastores in Shibuya and Shinjuku. What's the secret of the Japanese music market? What's the formula to survive amidst declining CD sales and changing media formats?
For thoughts on these and other musical issues, come and listen to a special presentation by Ikuo Minewaki, president and CEO of Tower Records Japan. Known as a music freak who runs a huge music business in central Tokyo, he launched an idol music label in 2011. Don't miss his insights into the domestic music industry and Japanese pop culture.
Please reserve in advance, 3211-3161 or on the website (still & TV cameras inclusive). Reservations and cancellations are not complete without confirmation.
Visitors exiting the Art Institute of Chicago on Michigan Avenue are often perplexed by the street sign that reads Swami Vivekananda Way. What is it doing there? Who is this swami, and why does he deserve an honorary street name like Oprah Winfrey, Hugh Hefner and other Chicago legends? Most Americans would not have a clue, but interfaith activists do, and Hindus do, and a great many yoga practitioners and students of Eastern philosophy do, and everyone in India certainly does. And this year, millions more will learn why Vivekananda remains a revered figure more than a century after his passing. January 12th was the 150th anniversary of his birth, and celebrations and tributes will be held all year throughout India and much of the West.
The leading disciple of the legendary 19th century saint, Sri Ramakrishna, Vivekananda came to the U.S. in 1893 for the Parliament of the World’s Religions, a 17-day festival in the midst of a huge world’s fair called the Columbian Exposition. He was an exotic sight in his orange robes and turban; very few Americans had even met a Jew or a Muslim at the time, much less a Hindu monk. Against all odds, the swami became an instant sensation, not as some carnival attraction but as a fresh, erudite voice that spoke with authority, in impeccable English, about his own tradition, religious harmony and the universal truths at the unseen depths of all religions.
The new foliage marks the 120th anniversary of the Phoenix Pavilion on Wooded Island, a gift from Japan during the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago to teach others about Japanese culture. At that time, Jackson Park was a sandy marshland that famed architect Frederick Law Olmsted molded into an elaborate setting for the fair, including a 16-acre isle for those wanting a quiet respite. When the world's fair ended and most of the buildings were razed, the island remained.
Today the spot is a bird-watcher's paradise. Officially named the Paul H. Douglas Nature Sanctuary, the island and the immediate surrounding area attracts 258 kinds of birds, with most flying by during spring and fall migration, birders say. The pavilion burned down in 1946, but a lush Japanese garden with ponds and a waterfall remains on the site.
This spring crews started the project, which will help the Park District stage an annual cherry blossom festival. The trees — backed by the Jackson Park Advisory Council and partially funded through tree donations from the Japanese Chamber of Commerce & Industry of Chicago — are expected to draw thousands of visitors.
（ウィキペディア） 1903年（明治36年）、岡倉は米国ボストン美術館からの招聘を受け、横山、菱田らの弟子を伴って渡米。羽織・袴で一行が街の中を闊歩していた際に1人の若い米国人から冷やかし半分の声をかけられた。「おまえたちは何ニーズ? チャイニーズ? ジャパニーズ? それともジャワニーズ?」。そう言われた天心は「我々は日本の紳士だ、あんたこそ何キーか? ヤンキーか? ドンキーか? モンキーか?」と流暢な英語で言い返した。 <原文> "What sort of nese are you people? Are you Chinese, or Japanese, or Javanese?" "We are Japanese gentlemen. But what kind of key are you? Are you a Yankee, or a donkey, or a monkey?"
彼と言えば、１９０３年に出版されたThe Ideals of the East-with special reference to the art of Japan（東洋の理想）の書き出しが強烈ですね。
Asia is one. The Himalayas divide, only to accentuate, two mighty civilizations, the Chinese with its communism of Confucius, and the Indian with its individualism of the Vedas. But not even the snowy barriers can interrupt for one moment that broad expanse of love for the Ultimate and Universal, which is the common thought-inheritance of every Asiatic race, enabling them to produce all the great religions of the world, and distinguishing them from those maritime peoples of the Mediterranean and the Baltic, who love to dwell on the Particular, and to search out the means, not the end, of life.
FUKUSHIMA: ONE MAN'S STORY It was Japan’s worst nightmare: an earthquake, a tsunami, and a nuclear meltdown. Two years on, the fallout has left the people facing up to some inconvenient truths. Henry Tricks, who covered it for The Economist, tells the tale of a single survivor From INTELLIGENT LIFE magazine, July/August 2013
WHAT WAS THE GREATEST SPEECH? The Big Question: half a century ago, Martin Luther King had a dream and JFK said he was a Berliner. Both were famous speeches—but what is the best speech ever made? We asked six writers to make their choice. Sam Leith sets the scene
この導入部の記事では、よいスピーチの条件を以下のように書いています。
So what makes a good speech? It must be forceful in argument, memorable in style, resonant in its references. It must also, before anything else, connect its speaker to its audience. This is what Aristotle, the first Western authority on rhetoric, called ethos—the basic movement in any effective speech that transforms the "me" of the speaker and the "you" of the audience into "we": "Friends, Romans, countrymen..."
Ethos is established by, quite literally, speaking the audience’s language: shared jokes, common reference points, recognisable situations. As the rhetorical theorist Kenneth Burke has said: "You persuade a man only in so far as you can talk his language by speech, gesture, tonality, order, image, attitude, idea, identifying your ways with his."
Which of these six speeches gets your vote? Have your say in our poll, below, and please let us know why you chose the speech that you did. Or if you think someone else made the greatest speech—Cicero, perhaps, or Churchill, Wilberforce or Gandhi, Nixon or Obama—do please tell us why.
Swami Vivekananda in Chicago, 1893 Mandela in the dock, 1964 Pericles's funeral oration, 431BC Hillary Clinton in Beijing, 1995 Macaulay on Jewish rights, 1833 The Gettysburg Address, 1863
Intelligent lifeの記事の抜粋です。 TOLERANCE AND PATHS TO GOD The Big Question: what was the greatest speech? Mark Tully argues that it was Swami Vivekananda's first-ever public speech, delivered in Chicago, 1893
The first World’s Parliament of Religion, in 1893, was a big moment: the first time representatives of Eastern and Western spiritual traditions had gathered together. Several thousand delegates flocked to Chicago to listen to them, and perhaps the most astonishing words they heard came from a 30-year-old Hindu monk. "I am proud to belong to a religion which has taught the world both tolerance and universal acceptance," he said. "We believe not only in universal toleration but we accept all religions as true." The vast majority of the delegates were Christians whose religion was not known for tolerance or acceptance, and who dismissed Hinduism as idolatry. Yet Swami Vivekananda, who had never been outside India before, nor spoken in public, was such a hit at the Parliament that he was asked to speak six times. The New York Herald said, "Vivekananda is undoubtedly the greatest figure in the Parliament of Religions."
He was relevant then and is relevant today for his constant affirmation that all religions are paths to God, and his call for tolerance. He ended his first speech by saying, "I fervently hope that the bell that tolled this morning in honour of this convention may be the death-knell of all fanaticism, of all persecutions with the sword or with the pen, and of all uncharitable feelings between persons wending their way to the same goal."
WELCOME ADDRESS - Chicago, Sept 11, 1893 Sisters and Brothers of America, It fills my heart with joy unspeakable to rise in response to the warm and cordial welcome which you have given us. I thank you in the name of the most ancient order of monks in the world; I thank you in the name of the mother of religions, and I thank you in the name of millions and millions of Hindu people of all classes and sects.
My thanks, also, to some of the speakers on this platform who, referring to the delegates from the Orient, have told you that these men from far-off nations may well claim the honor of bearing to different lands the idea of toleration. I am proud to belong to a religion which has taught the world both tolerance and universal acceptance. We believe not only in universal toleration, but we accept all religions as true. I am proud to belong to a nation which has sheltered the persecuted and the refugees of all religions and all nations of the earth. I am proud to tell you that we have gathered in our bosom the purest remnant of the Israelites, who came to Southern India and took refuge with us in the very year in which their holy temple was shattered to pieces by Roman tyranny. I am proud to belong to the religion which has sheltered and is still fostering the remnant of the grand Zoroastrian nation. I will quote to you, brethren, a few lines from a hymn which I remember to have repeated from my earliest boyhood, which is every day repeated by millions of human beings: "As the different streams having their sources in different paths which men take through different tendencies, various though they appear, crooked or straight, all lead to Thee."
The present convention, which is one of the most august assemblies ever held, is in itself a vindication, a declaration to the world of the wonderful doctrine preached in the Gita: "Whosoever comes to Me, through whatsoever form, I reach him; all men are struggling through paths which in the end lead to me." Sectarianism, bigotry, and its horrible descendant, fanaticism, have long possessed this beautiful earth. They have filled the earth with violence, drenched it often and often with human blood, destroyed civilization and sent whole nations to despair. Had it not been for these horrible demons, human society would be far more advanced than it is now. But their time is come; and I fervently hope that the bell that tolled this morning in honor of this convention may be the death-knell of all fanaticism, of all persecutions with the sword or with the pen, and of all uncharitable feelings between persons wending their way to the same goal.
