（オックスフォード） be going places to be getting more and more successful in your life or career a young architect who's really going places
（ロングマン） be going places informal to start becoming successful in your life: William is a young man who is definitely going places.
Youtubeでは動画CMが見つかりましたが、Let's go places, not just the ones you can find on the map but the ones you can find in your heart.（いろいろな場所に行きましょう。地図にある場所だけでなく、心の中にある場所にも）で始まるナレーションはなかなかかっこいいです。30秒版と60秒版でナレーションはほとんど同じないようですが、違いを比べてみるのも表現の勉強になるかもしれません。
Let's go places, not just the ones you can find on the map but the ones you can find in your heart. Because inspiration doesn't favor those who sit still, it dances with the daring. It rewards the courageous with ideas, ideas that inspire, ideas that take you places you never imagined, ideas big enough to make the heart skip a beat and in some cases maybe two.
Let's go places, not just the ones you can find on the map but the ones you can find in your heart. Let’s go beyond everything we know and embrace everything we don’t. Once we’ve reached our destination, let’s keep going. Because inspiration doesn't favor those who sit still, it dances with the daring. It rewards the courageous with ideas that excite, challenge even inspire, ideas that take you places you never imagined, ideas big enough and powerful enough to make the heart skip a beat and in some cases maybe two.
Let’s go beyond everything we know. Let’s embrace everything we don’t. Let’s not just look toward the future, but define it. We’ve learned that inspiration doesn’t favor those who sit still. So let’s be bold. Ambitious. Even unconventional. Because that’s where big ideas come from. Ideas that not only take you places you can find on a map, but also ones you can find in your heart. Let’s go places, together.
雑誌広告に戻りますが、まあ、子供の健やかな成長を願っているフレーズを並べています。letter in volleyballがピンとこなかったので辞書を調べました。
（オックスフォード） letter 3 [intransitive] to receive a letter made of cloth that you sew onto your clothes for playing very well in a school or college sports team
（ロングマン） letter 2 [intransitive] American English to earn a letter1 (5) in a sport letter in He lettered in basketball at Brandeis.
American English a large cloth letter that you sew onto a jacket, given as a reward for playing in a school or college sports team: Mark got a letter in soccer.
（ウィズダム） letter 《米》(運動競技での)学校名のイニシャル 《in》 スポーツの成績が優秀な学生のジャケットに, 在籍する学校名の頭文字が縫いつけられる
（Wikipedia） "Keep Your Eyes on the Prize" is a folk song that became influential during the American civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Although the song was composed as a hymn well before World War I, the lyrics to this version were written by civil rights activist Alice Wine in 1956. It is based on the traditional song, "Gospel Plow", also known as "Hold On", "Keep Your Hand on the Plow", and various permutations thereof. The title is a reference to the Bible verse in Phillipians 3:17 "keep your eyes on those who live as we do" and verse 14, "I press on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus." [1] Recordings include those by Duke Ellington featuring Mahalia Jackson, Odetta, Bob Dylan, Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, Tim O'Brien, and Mavis Staples. The noted 1987 PBS documentary series about the civil rights movement, Eyes on the Prize, was named for the song.
ウィキペディアでThe noted 1987 PBS documentary series about the civil rights movement, Eyes on the Prize, was named for the song.と説明があったように、この曲をタイトルに使ったPBSのドキュメンタリーのエピソードがあるそうです。March on Washingtonを取り上げたのが以下です。最後の方で取り上げているのですが、40分のケネディ大統領あたりから見ると当時の緊迫した雰囲気も伝わってきます。
ありがたいことにスクリプトを公開してくれています。下記をリンクしてみてください。
No Easy Walk (1961-1963) Transcript | Credits The civil rights movement discovers the power of mass demonstrations as the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. emerges as its most visible leader. Some demonstrations succeed; others fail. But the triumphant March on Washington, D.C., under King's leadership, shows a mounting national support for civil rights. President John F. Kennedy proposes the Civil Rights Act.
まあ、March on Washingtonだけを確認したい場合には下記のリンクの方がいいかもしれません。
March on Washington Soon after the events in Birmingham, civil rights leaders announce plans for a mass march in Washington, D.C. to demonstrate for jobs and freedom. Attorney general Robert Kennedy, fearing more violence, is opposed to the plan. But long-time labor and civil rights leader A. Philip Randolph, who first proposed such a march during Franklin Roosevelt's administration in 1941, and Bayard Rustin, organizer of the march's complex logistics, press ahead.
On August 28, more than 200,000 people gather in peace and unity on the National Mall. Behind the scenes, SNCC leader John Lewis' speech causes conflict for its harsh words against the Kennedy administration and the nation's slowness to correct injustices. Persuaded by the 75-year-old Randolph to tone down the rhetoric, Lewis delivers an amended speech and few know of the controversy. The speech that will go down in the history books, however, is the one delivered by Martin Luther King as he stands before the Lincoln Memorial. "I have a dream," he declares, "that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character..."
Though the March on Washington is a triumph, it comes with a tragic coda. Less than three weeks later, in Birmingham, the Ku Klux Klan bombs the 16th Street Baptist Church on a Sunday morning. Fifteen people are injured and four young girls are killed, filling many in the movement with rage. It will be 14 years before the first of three men, Robert Chambliss, is brought to justice in 1977; his companions Thomas Blanton, Jr. and Bobby Lee Cherry will not be convicted until 2001 and 2002, respectively.
“As a member of the succession planning committee, I’ll work closely with the other members of the board to identify a great new CEO,” said Gates. “We’re fortunate to have Steve in his role until the new CEO assumes these duties.”
自分としては、We’re fortunate to have Steve...の部分をバルマー氏にも配慮した表現と捉えましたがが、フィナンシャルタイムズはterse statementと表現し、１３年間もCEOを務めたバルマー氏に感謝の言葉もないのか、と指摘していました。
Mr Gates, who will take a hands-on role in the search for a new chief after years of focusing on philanthropy, issued a terse statement saying that Microsoft was "fortunate" to retain Mr Ballmer during that search, but did not thank him for his 13 years of leadership.
terseは「素っ気ない」「ぶっきらぼうな」という意味のようです。
（オックスフォード） terse using few words and often not seeming polite or friendly a terse style The President issued a terse statement denying the charges.
Not that I had any doubt before, but you guys are most certainly the greatest fans in the world.
He was very special to me and also to the world and we were very lucky to witness his incredible talent, his handsome smile and his beautiful, beautiful heart.
Five upside-down comics, including A Fish Story, follow. Each will require Adobe Acrobat Reader. To see a particular comic upside down, download the pdf file, then open it with Acrobat Reader. Select View, then Rotate View, and Clockwise to rotate the image 90°. Repeat to turn the image upside down.
（ウィキペディア） リメリック詩は5行から成っていて、押韻構成は一般に「AABBA」となる。韻脚の数は第1・2・5行は3つ（三歩格）、第3・4行は2つ（二歩格）。韻脚の種類はさまざまだが、最も典型的なものは、弱強弱格（Amphibrach）と弱強格（アナペスト）である。 第1行では伝統的に、人物と場所（地名）が紹介され、行の最後には地名がきて、押韻される。初期のリメリック詩では、しばしば第5行は第1行の繰り返しだったが、これは今では慣習的ではない。 There was a young lady from Riga, - (A) who smiled as she rode on a tiger. - (A) They returned from the ride - (B) with the lady inside - (B) and the smile on the face of the tiger. - (A) 作者不詳。大意「リーガ（地名）出身の若い淑女がおりまして/虎にまたがり微笑みました/乗虎から戻った時/淑女は虎の中にいて/虎の顔には微笑みが」
AtlanticにWhy Steve Ballmer Failed（バルマーが失敗した理由）という記事があったので、今さらどうして？と思っていたらマイクロソフトがプレスリリースを出していたようですね。
Why Steve Ballmer Failed The resignation of Microsoft's CEO is also an acknowledgement: The computer world changed, and Microsoft hasn't. DEREK THOMPSON AUG 23 2013, 11:37 AM ET
Microsoft still isn't a place that builds things people really like. It's a place that builds things people -- and, particularly, business people -- think they have to use.
BREAKING NEWS Friday, August 23, 2013 9:25 AM EDT Microsoft Says Steve Ballmer Will Retire as C.E.O. Within 12 Months Steve Ballmer, who succeeded Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates as chief executive of the company, will retire within the next 12 months, the software giant said Friday.
“There is never a perfect time for this type of transition, but now is the right time,” Mr. Ballmer said in a statement on the company’s Web site.
Mr. Ballmer will stay on until a successor is chosen by a special committee of the board of directors that includes John W. Thompson, the board’s lead independent director, and Mr. Gates, chairman of the company. The committee will consider both internal and external candidates, the company said.
READ MORE » http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/24/technology/ballmer-announces-retirement-from-microsoft.html?emc=edit_na_20130823
as chief executive of the companyと役職なので冠詞が使われていないとか、後任選び・引き継ぎ期間はtransitionだ、後任はsuccessorだなとか実感しながら読めますね。また「主任」という意味のleadがthe board’s lead independent directorとして使われています。
The committee will consider both internal and external candidates, the company said.と最後にさらっと書かれていますが、社外からも候補者を探すということはマイクロソフトの危機感を感じ取れるかもしれません。
次にプレスリリースの確認です。オフィシャルな文書なのでupon the completion of a process to choose his successor（後任選考プロセスが完了次第）のupon the completion ofといったフォーマルな表現が使われています。
REDMOND, Wash. — Aug. 23, 2013 — Microsoft Corp. today announced that Chief Executive Officer Steve Ballmer has decided to retire as CEO within the next 12 months, upon the completion of a process to choose his successor. In the meantime, Ballmer will continue as CEO and will lead Microsoft through the next steps of its transformation to a devices and services company that empowers people for the activities they value most.
“There is never a perfect time for this type of transition, but now is the right time,” Ballmer said. “We have embarked on a new strategy with a new organization and we have an amazing Senior Leadership Team. My original thoughts on timing would have had my retirement happen in the middle of our company’s transformation to a devices and services company. We need a CEO who will be here longer term for this new direction.”
The Board of Directors has appointed a special committee to direct the process. This committee is chaired by John Thompson, the board’s lead independent director, and includes Chairman of the Board Bill Gates, Chairman of the Audit Committee Chuck Noski and Chairman of the Compensation Committee Steve Luczo. The special committee is working with Heidrick & Struggles International Inc., a leading executive recruiting firm, and will consider both external and internal candidates.
“The board is committed to the effective transformation of Microsoft to a successful devices and services company,” Thompson said. “As this work continues, we are focused on selecting a new CEO to work with the company’s senior leadership team to chart the company’s course and execute on it in a highly competitive industry.”
“As a member of the succession planning committee, I’ll work closely with the other members of the board to identify a great new CEO,” said Gates. “We’re fortunate to have Steve in his role until the new CEO assumes these duties.”
Founded in 1975, Microsoft (Nasdaq “MSFT”) is the worldwide leader in software, services and solutions that help people and businesses realize their full potential.
leadについて取り上げたついでに、さまざまなかたちで使われていたものを見てみます。
動詞lead「率いる」 In the meantime, Ballmer will continue as CEO and will lead Microsoft through the next steps of its transformation
形容詞lead「トップの；主任の」 This committee is chaired by John Thompson, the board’s lead independent director, and includes Chairman of the Board Bill Gates,
形容詞leading「大手の；主要な」 The special committee is working with Heidrick & Struggles International Inc., a leading executive recruiting firm, and will consider both external and internal candidates.
名詞leaderここでは「大手企業」 Founded in 1975, Microsoft (Nasdaq “MSFT”) is the worldwide leader in software, services and solutions that help people and businesses realize their full potential.
“The board is committed to the effective transformation of Microsoft to a successful devices and services company,”
ビルゲイツの言葉も紹介されています。 “As a member of the succession planning committee, I’ll work closely with the other members of the board to identify a great new CEO,” said Gates. “We’re fortunate to have Steve in his role until the new CEO assumes these duties.”
work closely with （人） to do 「（人）と連携［協力］して〜する」とか、誰かを選ぶという意味でto identify a great new CEOと動詞identifyが使われているなと、すでに知っている言葉でも用例に触れて実感していきたいですね。
後任が決まるまでバルマーがCEOを務めることについて“We’re fortunate to have Steve in his role until the new CEO assumes these duties.”と感謝を述べているところも気遣いとして学んでいきたいです。
上記の簡単な紹介ビデオでは、キング牧師が最後にスピーチしたのは誰も希望しなかったからとか、あの有名なDreamスピーチをするつもりはなかったとか、意外なエピソードを教えてくれています。Historyチャンネルはさまざまな動画も充実していますので助かります。いやあ、The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedomというタイトルであったことも知りませんでした（汗）やっぱり仕事というのは大切な側面だったのでしょうね。
長らく積ん読む状態になっていたBehind the Dreamという本を読み始めました。あの演説のスピーチライターを務めていた方が書いた本でいろいろな内情を知る事ができます。短い本で、字も大きめなので、洋書に慣れていない人にもお勧めできます。コスパは悪くなりますが。。。
“I have a dream.” When those words were spoken on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1963, the crowd stood, electrified, as Martin Luther King, Jr. brought the plight of African Americans to the public consciousness and firmly established himself as one of the greatest orators of all time. Behind the Dream is a thrilling, behind-the-scenes account of the weeks leading up to the great event, as told by Clarence Jones, co-writer of the speech and close confidant to King. Jones was there, on the road, collaborating with the great minds of the time, and hammering out the ideas and the speech that would shape the civil rights movement and inspire Americans for years to come.
公式問題集ではtestimonials from clients(vol5)とかcustomer testimonials(vol1)とかのかたちで使われていました。辞書的な意味を確認する前に実例を見てみます。ミランダカーがオーストラリアで展開しているオーガニック商品の感想を購入者が述べているページのタイトルがtestimonialsでした。感想を抜粋してご紹介します。
This is a very long thank you to you all, especially to Miranda for being inspired to create a product that is truly beautiful. However, thank you. I will be recommending KORA Organics to everyone especially my mother-in-law who has the most sensitive skin, I am sure she is going to love it. ＊＊＊＊＊＊
I just wanted to say a HUGE thank you to KORA Organics, your products have really made an impact on my skin and this '"30 Days to Great Skin" program is amazing!! testimonials from clients customer testimonials
＊＊＊＊＊＊
Just wanted to say a big thank you, I'd forgotten how wonderful it felt to walk into a room and light it up beaming with confidence. So many people have commented on how nice my skin is and how I'm so "lucky" to have great skin. Ive been letting everyone know it's not luck and telling them all about my new KORA Organics skincare regime. My new years resolution; To treasure myself. XX
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
Just wanted to say a HUGE 'Thank YOU', and exclaim a BIG 'WOW!' for both product and service. Delivery was overnight, arrived safe and sound. I absolutely LOVE the colour of the product packaging (so happens to be one of my favourites!) and the product themselves are sensational. Lip balm - BEST ever, not tempting to lick your lips, like others, very soothing, made dry lips soft within hours. Testimonial
公式問題集ではcustomer testimonialsを「お客さまの声」と訳していました。サイトにあったようにFeedback from our customersのように理解してもよさそうですね。「お客さまの声」はシックスシグマの用語としてVoice of Customerとあるので、営業部内で経営指標としてこちらの表現が使われることもありそうです。
（ケンブリッジビジネス） testimonial MARKETING a formal written statement about the qualities of a product or service: Financial Mail exposed the company's use of fake or doctored customer testimonials in advertising. a testimonial from sb Ask for testimonials from satisfied clients and post them on your website.
This corpus contains 100 million words in more than 22,000 transcripts of ten American soap operas from 2001 and 2012. The corpus was created by Mark Davies (of Brigham Young University) and it is related to other corpora that we have created, including the 450 million word Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA).
Even though the dialogue in the soap operas is scripted, we believe that it provides very useful insight into informal, colloquial American speech, and that it complements other similar corpora. For example, there are many informal phrases (see lists) and words (see lists) that are much more common in this corpus of soap operas than in the spoken portion of COCA and the BNC.
Conversely, there are many formal and more technical words in the spoken part of the BNC (see lists) and COCA (see lists) that are quite uncommon in this corpus of soap operas. This is because this corpus of sopa operas deals more with everyday life and personal interaction than parts of COCA Spoken and BNC Spoken. Since this corpus is still quite new (it was released in July 2012), we welcome any comments that you might have, and especially searches that you've done that show the highly informal nature of this corpus of soap operas.
１０のドラマのリストは以下の通りです。海外ドラマ『フレンズ』のジョーイが出演している事になっていたDays of Our Livesって本当に放送されているものだったのですね。今頃知りました（汗）
All My Children As the World Turns Bold and Beautiful Days of Our Lives General Hospital Guiding Light One Life to Live Passions Port Charles Young and Restless
One might be suspicious of soap opera dialogue. After all, it is written by a scriptwriter. How well does it really represent authentic, "spoken" language? Let's take a look at this is some detail. In each case, we'll compare the soap opera scripts with the spoken portion of COCA, and the spoken portion of the BNC. We'll see that in most cases, the soap opera language in SOAP is actually much more informal than these other two corpora.
The following table shows the frequency per million words, and you can click on any of the entries to see the actual examples from the three corpora. (If you click on bars in the chart display to see Keyword in Context entries in this lower frame, you'll want to then click on the BACK button in your browser to come back to this page.) For COCA and the BNC, look at the SPOKEN column of the chart. For SOAP, look at the ALL column at the left.
また、このコーパスのいいところは、COCAとSOAPといったコーパスの結果を比較できる事でしょう。例えば、ジェニファーローレンスのインタビューでI was deaf for like six days and never went to the doctor. Because I’m a genius.とありました。I’m a geniusという表現を試しに調べてみると、SOAPの方が多く使われていることがわかります。
また、音だけでなく文法的な正しさも必要になってくるかもしれません。冒頭の“The Hunger Games is the reason for my fame.”の部分も音だけ聞くと、from my fameのように聞こえますが、文法的には変ですね。下記のようなファンサイトでもfor my fameとしています。このファンサイトのインタビューの概要説明を読んでから聞き取ってみればさらに精度があがるかもしれません。
“The Hunger Games is the reason for my fame.” She talks about learning to deal with fame and her similarities with Katniss, her excitement at putting the mockingjay pin on for the first time, a water stunt in Catching Fire that left her with temporary hearing loss, and admits that The Hunger Games taught her nothing about men and love.
The Hunger Games is the reason for my fame. I don’t know if it necessarily taught me about how to deal with fame but there are a lot of things I felt like Katniss. And I had a lot in common. She had to go to the capital and all of the sudden putting these weired cloths she didn’t feel like herself and kind of feeling like ragged off.
女）Chins up. Smiles on. 男）There she is, Katniss Everdeen, the girl on fire.
Now she's been there before and she's kind of like, found a character that she can become to be comfortable. I was a huge fan of the book so like --- we were figure out the mockingjay pin. We were putting the mockingjay pin on. There were a couple of moments like “Oh my god”.
But the second one. I mean the moments of like oh my god I can’t believe I have to do this are more like a sane stance. Like the reason I can’t hear out of my left ear. We were doing a water stunt and had to jump into water with all the jets and a jet went into my ear, I was deaf for like six days and never went to the doctor. Because I’m a genius.
My life is different and sometimes it's scary and sometimes it’s sad to see things go. Cause I still feel normal inside. So it's a kind of sad to see. Some of things changed. That I wasn’t ready to change. But I love acting. I wouldn't be able to do anything else.
Fortunately the Hunger Games has taught me nothing about men and love. That's just good old trial and error like anyone else.
まあ、こういうのはあまり完璧さを求めても難しいところがありますから、気になった台詞だけでも自分のものにするという態度でいいのではないでしょうか。最後のThat's just good old trial and error like anyone else. なんかは英語学習にも当てはまりますよね。
Evidence-based justice: Corrupted memory Elizabeth Loftus has spent decades exposing flaws in eyewitness testimony. Her ideas are gaining fresh traction in the US legal system. Moheb Costandi 14 August 2013
At Pacely's trial a few months later, memory researcher Elizabeth Loftus testified on his behalf. She told the jury how memory is fallible; how stress and fear may have impaired Mrs M's ability to identify her assailant, and how people can find it difficult to identify someone of a race other than their own.
Pacely was acquitted. “It's cases like this that mean the most to me,” says Loftus, “the ones in which I play a role in bringing justice to an innocent person.”
Her work has earned her plaudits from her peers, but it has also made her enemies. Critics charge that in her zeal to challenge the veracity of memory, Loftus has harmed victims and aided murderers and rapists. She has been sued and assaulted, and has even received death threats. “I went to a shooting range to learn how to shoot,” she says, noting that she keeps a few used targets in her office as a point of pride.
Now, the 68-year-old scientist's research is starting to bring about lasting changes in the legal system. In July last year, the New Jersey Supreme Court issued a ruling — based largely on her findings — that jurors should be alerted to the imperfect nature of memory and the fallibility of eyewitness testimony as standard procedure. Loftus is working with judges in other states to make such changes more widespread.
Following that lead, Loftus won funding in 1974 for a proposal to study witness accounts of accidents, and she soon published the first of several influential studies revealing the limitations of eyewitness testimony1. She showed people film clips of car accidents and asked them to estimate the speed of the cars. The wording of the questions, she found, had a profound effect on the estimates. People who were asked, “How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” gave higher estimates on average than those with whom the verb 'hit' was used. And those who were told that the cars had 'contacted' each other gave the lowest estimates.
Those asked about cars smashing into one another were more than twice as likely as others to report seeing broken glass when asked about the accident a week later, even though there was none in the video. “I realized that these questions were conveying information,” says Loftus. “I began to think of it as a process of memory contamination, and we eventually called it the misinformation effect.”
幼いときのトラウマの記憶についても彼女は疑問視しているようですが、ここでも他の研究者から非難を浴びているようです。しかし、彼女はwhen an innocent person is accused, we have a whole new set of victims, and I'm more horrified by an innocent person getting convicted than by a guilty person being acquitted.という信念に支えられているようです。
Ross Cheit, a political scientist at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, started the Recovered Memory Project in 1995 to document and respond to what he says has been a one-sided debate. There are now more than 100 corroborated cases of recovered memory on his website (http://blogs.brown.edu/recoveredmemory), he says, including some on which Loftus had consulted.
“Loftus is often on the losing side, and she's sometimes wrong in a spectacular way,” Cheit says. Her testimonies, he adds, can be psychologically damaging for the victims. “If you're telling someone you think their memories are false, when they have corroborating evidence that they were abused, that's corrosive.”
Loftus does not believe that Cheit's site corroborates recovered memories. “He might have some cases of people who didn't think about their abuse for some time and were reminded of it, but as for actual repression, no,” she says. “I cringe at the idea of hurting genuine victims, but when an innocent person is accused, we have a whole new set of victims, and I'm more horrified by an innocent person getting convicted than by a guilty person being acquitted.”
The false mouse memories made the ethicists uneasy. By stimulating certain neurons in the hippocampus, Susumu Tonegawa and his colleagues caused mice to recall receiving foot shocks in a setting in which none had occurred1. Tonegawa, a neuroscientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, says that he has no plans to ever implant false memories into humans — the study, published last month, was designed just to offer insight into memory formation.
But the experiment has nonetheless alarmed some neuroethicists. “That was a bell-ringer, the idea that you can manipulate the brain to control the mind,” says James Giordano, chief of neuroethics studies at Georgetown University in Washington DC. He says that the study is one of many raising ethical concerns, and more are sure to come as an ambitious, multi-year US effort to parse the human brain gets under way.
On 20 August, US President Barack Obama’s commission on bioethics will hold a meeting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to begin to craft a set of ethics standards to guide the BRAIN project. There is already one major mechanism for ethical oversight in US research: institutional review boards, which must approve any studies involving human subjects. But many ethicists say that as neuroscience discoveries creep beyond laboratory walls into the marketplace and the courtroom, more comprehensive oversight is needed. “The long-term consequences of more brain knowledge — whether it’s good for an ethnic group or threatens your personal identity — there’s sort of no one in charge of that,” says Arthur Caplan, director of medical ethics at New York University’s Langone Medical Center.
Memories can be unreliable. We created a false memory in mice by optogenetically manipulating memory engram–bearing cells in the hippocampus. Dentate gyrus (DG) or CA1 neurons activated by exposure to a particular context were labeled with channelrhodopsin-2. These neurons were later optically reactivated during fear conditioning in a different context. The DG experimental group showed increased freezing in the original context, in which a foot shock was never delivered. The recall of this false memory was context-specific, activated similar downstream regions engaged during natural fear memory recall, and was also capable of driving an active fear response. Our data demonstrate that it is possible to generate an internally represented and behaviorally expressed fear memory via artificial means.
（スクリプト） Memory is usually a good guide for our current decisions, but under certain conditions, it could mislead us terribly. But 70% of defendants who have been found guilty primarily based on witnesses and the victim’s testimony were subsequently acquitted on the basis of a DNA test after serving many years in prison. However, studies on brain mechanism for false memory has been hampered because of the lack of an animal model. So in this study, we believe for the first time, succeeded in, we call this incepting or implanting
（中略）
I can give you one extraordinary example of a false memory. You know, there was a person apparently, I did not know him, but someone called Donald Thompson who is a psychiatrist and he had a TV show. A woman was watching this program, and all of a sudden a man broke in and raped her. After that terrible incident, she claimed it was this Donald Thompson who raped her even after she was told that Thompson was in the studio, but she was not convinced. Because in other words, she had real false memory of associating this guy Thompson with this terrible event of raping. In other words, her brain network made, just like this mouse, artificially associated two things that are not related. She liked this program. She was thinking about this program, and therefore, when she was thinking about it, the rape occurred and these two things got associated. So there are conditions which influence the relative strengths of our false and genuine memory, and we do not know very much about what parameters will influence how whole memory formation versus whole genuine memory formation. So we can study this, because we have a mouse model now.
「自閉症の僕が跳びはねる理由」日本の少年の書籍が、英国でベストセラーに • NewSphere • 2013年08月18日12時00分 今、英国で、日本の少年が綴った一冊の本が話題になっています。 本のタイトルは、「The Reason I Jump: One Boy’s Voice from the Silence of Autism」（原題「自閉症の僕が跳びはねる理由──会話のできない中学生がつづる内なる心」）。著者は、重度の自閉症を抱えて執筆活動を行う作家の東田直樹さん。東田さんが１３歳のときに自らの抱える自閉症について語ったものが、このたび英語に翻訳され、英国で発売されました。 【発売から数週間でベストセラー】 日本では６年前の２００７年に発表された同著。英語版は、著名な英国人作家が翻訳を務めたこともあり、発売前から英国の大手新聞などで取り上げられ、書店には多くの予約が殺到しました。 先月７月１日の発売後、わずか数週間でベストセラーとなり、取り上げるメディアの数も増え、ますます大きな反響を呼んでいます。
A real insight into the mind of an autistic person. Beautifully written and a pleasure to read. You can take each section on its own but I read the whole thing straight through. His final story is incredibly touching. A book everyone who knows a person with autism should read.
***********
Wonderful book, helps me to understand why my son seems to suffer so much, and why he might need his alone time. Also helps to remind us how amazing it is out there. Should be given to every family as soon as Autism is mentioned for the first time. Very easy to read, made me smile, and cry, and think. Naoki should be at the front of everyone's mind when they are looking for answers, maybe in time his name will spring to mind in the same way Temple Grandin does now. But this is not just a collection of faqs on Autism, the poetry and short stories included are beautiful in themselves.
***********
This book gives a detailed insight of an autistic child's view on life and the challenges they face every second of every day. It also answers lots of questions that i have often asked my son.I cried and I laughed reading it as I could relate to so much as i have an autistic son on the same age as the author. EVERYONE should read this ( not just parents of children with Autism) It will make people realise how special each human being is in their own right....
In September 1923, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake devastated eastern Japan, killing more than 120,000 people and leaving two million homeless. Using a rich array of source material, J. Charles Schencking tells for the first time the graphic tale of Tokyo's destruction and rebirth. In emotive prose, he documents how the citizens of Tokyo experienced this unprecedented calamity and explores the ways in which it rattled people's deep-seated anxieties about modernity. While explaining how and why the disaster compelled people to reflect on Japanese society, he also examines how reconstruction encouraged the capital's inhabitants to entertain new types of urbanism as they rebuilt their world.
Some residents hoped that a grandiose metropolis, reflecting new values, would rise from the ashes of disaster-ravaged Tokyo. Many, however, desired a quick return of the city they once called home. Opportunistic elites advocated innovative state infrastructure to better manage the daily lives of Tokyo residents. Others focused on rejuvenating society -- morally, economically, and spiritually -- to combat the perceived degeneration of Japan. Schencking explores the inspiration behind these dreams and the extent to which they were realized. He investigates why Japanese citizens from all walks of life responded to overtures for renewal with varying degrees of acceptance, ambivalence, and resistance. His research not only sheds light on Japan's experience with and interpretation of the earthquake but challenges widespread assumptions that disasters unite stricken societies, creating a "blank slate" for radical transformation. National reconstruction in the wake of the Great Kanto Earthquake, Schencking demonstrates, proved to be illusive.
（前書き抜粋） In March 2011 the world was reminded of the extraordinary force that earthquakes and tsunamis unleash. In dramatic fashion the Tohoku catastrophe revealed how vulnerable parts of our planet are to natural hazards. Disasters do more than destroy, however. They also compel reflection, inspire optimism, and lead people to believe that something better can and will emerge from the devastation. Some people suggest that disasters possess the potential to change everything.
Numerous individuals opined that the Great Tohoku Earthquake would transform Japan. Some argued that rising to the challenge of recovery would instill citizens with a newfound confidence and make people once again proud to be Japanese. Many predicted that reconstruction spending would provide the economic stimulus necessary to end two lost decades of deflation. Still others posited notions that the Japanese people might lose their faith in science and demand a reorientation of the nation's economy, or that humanitarian aid from China might help resolve long- standing territorial disputes between both countries. Will these transformations ever materialize or will contestation and resistance limit policy outcomes? History suggests the latter. In September 1923 Japan suffered a far more deadly natural calamity. Then, a magnitude 7.9 earthquake and resulting firestorms killed more than 120,000 people and turned roughly half of Tokyo and virtually all of Yokohama into blackened, corpse-strewn wastelands. Amid this desolate landscape, bureaucratic elites suggested that a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to rebuild Tokyo as a modern metropolis had emerged. Others argued that the cataclysmic Great Kanto Earthquake could, if manipulated artfully, rouse urbanites from their increasingly consumer- oriented, hedonistic mindsets and enable the government to forge a more moderate, wholesome moral path for social regeneration. Even foreigners involved in humanitarian assistance succumbed to the postdisaster culture of optimism. Admiral Edwin Alexander Anderson, who oversaw the initial US relief effort in Tokyo, informed navy officials upon his return to US territory - at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii - that American aid and Japanese appreciation of such aid had so firmly cemented friendly relations between both countries that no possibility of war in the Pacific existed in his generation.
The Great Japan Earthquake of 1923 The powerful quake and ensuing tsunami that struck Yokohama and Tokyo traumatized a nation and unleashed historic consequences By Joshua Hammer Smithsonian magazine, May 2011, Subscribe
My own view is that by reducing the expatriate European community in Yokohama and putting an end to a period of optimism symbolized by that city, the Kanto earthquake accelerated Japan’s drift toward militarism and war. Japan scholar Kenneth Pyle of the University of Washington says that conservative elites were already nervous about democratic forces emerging in society, and “the 1923 earthquake does sort of begin to reverse some of the liberal tendencies that appear right after World War I....After the earthquake, there’s a measurable increase in right-wing patriotic groups in Japan that are really the groundwork of what is called Japanese fascism.” Peter Duus, an emeritus professor of history at Stanford, states that it was not the earthquake that kindled right-wing activities, “but rather the growth of the metropolis and the emergence of what the right wing regarded as heartless, hedonistic, individualistic and materialist urban culture.” The more significant long-term effect of the earthquake, he says, “was that it set in motion the first systematic attempt at reshaping Tokyo as a modern city. It moved Tokyo into the ranks of world metropolises.”
University of Melbourne historian J. Charles Schencking sees the rebuilding of Tokyo as a metaphor for something larger. The earthquake, he has written, “fostered a culture of catastrophe defined by political and ideological opportunism, contestation and resilience, as well as a culture of reconstruction in which elites sought to not only rebuild Tokyo, but also reconstruct the Japanese nation and its people.”
（ケンブリッジビジネス） disruptive technology ›a new technology that completely changes the way things are done: A disruptive technology overturns a traditional business model, which makes it much harder for an established firm to embrace. He contends that so many new and disruptive technologies have emerged in the last few years that no company is immune to competition.
Advances in battery technology have the potential to shape global demand for fossil fuels, increase the use of renewables in the electric grid, and bring reliable electric power to millions of the world’s poorest. All told, the economic impact of better batteries in the next 12 years will be almost equivalent to the current GDP of Saudi Arabia. JAMES MANYIKA is a Director of the McKinsey Global Institute. MICHAEL CHUI is a Principal at MGI. Both are based in San Francisco.
In developing economies, battery storage could have a huge impact on economic growth. Developing economies suffer from two problems that better batteries can help address. The first is the unreliability of electrical supplies. In these countries, outages average from two to 70 hours per month. That is bad enough for private citizens, but it really throws sand in the works of industry, which accounts for 43 percent of power in developing economies. In a recent World Bank survey, 55 percent of firms in the Middle East and North Africa, 54 percent in South Asia, and 49 percent in sub-Saharan Africa said that the lack of access to reliable electric power hurt their ability to do business.
Almost all large companies in developing economies invest in backup power, but the millions of small firms that cannot afford to do so are at the mercy of erratic electric supplies. Batteries in the electric system that would supply power when generators fail, allowing businesses to continue operating, could have an annual economic impact of $25 billion to $100 billion by 2025.
The second challenge in less developed economies is bringing electricity to remote locations and other areas beyond the reach of the electrical grid. Only 63 percent of rural populations in developing economies have access to electricity, which severely limits their chances at development and their access to critical services. Based on current population projections, more than one billion people worldwide could be without electricity in 2025. The value of providing access to electricity through batteries in remote areas alone could amount to anywhere from $2 billion to $50 billion annually by 2025. That estimate assumes only 60 kilowatt hours of electricity per month per household, which would be enough for lighting, some television, cell-phone charging, a radio, and a fan. Nevertheless, with improved batteries and solar chargers -- a kit that can be leased at very low prices -- millions of the world’s poorest people can get at least a toehold in the global economy.
In developing economies, battery storage could have a huge impact on economic growth. Developing economies suffer from two problems that better batteries can help address. The first is the unreliability of electrical supplies. In these countries, outages average from two to 70 hours per month.
（中略）
The second challenge in less developed economies is bringing electricity to remote locations and other areas beyond the reach of the electrical grid. Only 63 percent of rural populations in developing economies have access to electricity, which severely limits their chances at development and their access to critical services.
「最初の問題」「二番目の問題」の部分ですが、それぞれ簡単に問題を述べた直後に、outages average from two to 70 hours per monthとかOnly 63 percent of rural populations in developing economies と数字を挙げて具体例で補足をしています。こういう「問題点の指摘→具体例による補足」という書き方も参考にしたいです。
IN this mortal frame of mine which is made of a hundred bones and nine orifices there is something, and this some-thing is called a wind-swept spirit for lack of a better name, for it is much like a thin drapery that is torn and swept away at the slighest stir of the wind. This something in me took to writing poetry years ago, merely to amuse itself at first, but finally making it its lifelong business. It must be admitted, however, that there were times when it sank into such dejection that it was almost ready to drop its pursuit, or again times when it was so puffed up with pride that it exulted in vain victories over the others. Indeed, ever since it began to write poetry, it has never found peace with itself, always wavering between doubts of one kind and another. At one time it wanted to gain security by entering the service of a court, and at another it wished to measure the depth of its ignorance by trying to be a scholar, but it was prevented from either because of its unquenchable love of poetry. The fact is, it knows no other art than the art of writing poetry, and therefore, it hangs on to it more or less blindly. Saigyo' in traditional poetry, Sogi in linked verse, Scsshu in painting, Rikyu in tea ceremony, and indeed all who have achieved real excellence in any art, possess one thing in common, that is, a mind to obey nature, to be one with nature, throughout the four seasons of the year.
Whatever such a mind sees is a flower, and whatever such a mind dreams of is the moon. It is only a barbarous mind that sees other than the flower, merely an animal mind that dreams of other than the moon. The first lesson for the artist is, therefore, to learn how to overcome such barbarism and animality, to follow nature, to be one with nature.
When I met Jenkins, his top priority was to sell me senbei, light-brown honey-flavored crackers. He is employed by a historical museum, where he wears a yellow kimono-like jacket called a happi and hawks cracker boxes to tourists in the gift shop. “You must be Mr. Jenkins,” I said to him, and he responded affirmatively in a hillbilly drawl, a legacy of his dirt-poor childhood in rural North Carolina. Like the Japanese tourists who flock to see him, I found his diminutive, jug-eared appearance endearing, and bought a box of crackers immediately. A minute later, he told me he’d sent a box of senbei to his military lawyer, a Texan. “He told me it was the awfulest cookie he ever tasted,” Jenkins said.
The Japanese consider Jenkins and Soga’s story a great modern romance: two people find love under Orwellian conditions, and through mutual devotion win their freedom. When visitors stroll into the shop, they whisper to each other (“Jenkins-san!”) and stare at Jenkins until he beckons them to pose for a picture. “Photo” is one of the few words he knows in Japanese—he speaks Korean at home.
「せんべい」はcrackerになるのですね。今回の記事の書き出しは「一般から特殊」という流れです。
We all do stupid things when we’re drunk, but among bad decisions, this one deserves special distinction
Project Loon BALLOON-POWERED INTERNET FOR EVERYONE
WHAT IS PROJECT LOON? Many of us think of the Internet as a global community. But two-thirds of the world’s population does not yet have Internet access. Project Loon is a network of balloons traveling on the edge of space, designed to connect people in rural and remote areas, help fill coverage gaps, and bring people back online after disasters.
THE TECHNOLOGY Project Loon balloons float in the stratosphere, twice as high as airplanes and the weather. They are carried around the Earth by winds and they can be steered by rising or descending to an altitude with winds moving in the desired direction. People connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building. The signal bounces from balloon to balloon, then to the global Internet back on Earth.
The Untold Story of Google’s Quest to Bring the Internet Everywhere—By Balloon BY STEVEN LEVY When Loon people get expansive, they talk about many thousands of balloons spinning around the globe, designated recovery centers to bring down flagging units, and operations centers sending up dozens of replacements every day. “Remember, we said that there are billions of people who aren’t connected,” Cassidy says. “We want to help.” In more remote areas, Google could set up antennas linked to community hot spots, powered by solar and batteries in places where there’s no reliable electricity. It would be the perfect complement to those allegedly inevitable dirt-cheap smartphones.
If this happens, Google will not only bask in a feel-good glow—it will make some money too. No, Google X is not on a strict bottom-line regimen, the X lab’s Teller says, though his bosses require a “sanity” check once a project begins to rack up expenses. “As soon as you get sucked into making money as the goal, you leave behind the positive impact,” he says. “This is a Google-wide attitude—make the world a better place and the money is going to find us.”
ビルゲイツはゲイツ財団について話しています。Microsoftでの生活との違いを述べているところです。打ち込んで働いていたことをfanaticと表現していますね。財団での働きぶりはそれほどfanaticalでないようで、I’ve got a family. It’s a little less fanatical.と語っています。
How do you compare the challenges of the first part of your career—changing the way we work and live, putting a PC on every desk—with the challenges of the second part? I was very fulfilled in my 20s and 30s being a fanatic about the magic of software. What I’m doing now is more similar to that than you might think in terms of picking people to pursue a malaria vaccine or figure out how to get stuff delivered in the field. I don’t work day and night like I did in the early part of Microsoft (MSFT), because I’ve got a family. It’s a little less fanatical.
次はゼロックスのCEOです。前のブログでも紹介した事がありますが、“Where you are is not who you are.”という言葉はいい言葉ですね。英語の実力が低いとどうしても消極的になりがちですが“Where you are is not who you are.”と志をしっかりと持ちたいです。一方、資格をとったからってえばっていいわけではありませんから、“Where you are is not who you are.”と我に返る必要があるでしょう。
Some people have said you had three strikes against you: You are African American. You’re a woman. And you grew up poor. My mother was amazing. I guess in our community, if you wanted to get by you had to work hard. So she cleaned offices. She did everything that you could imagine. We were really poor. But she would say, “Where you are is not who you are.” And, “Don’t get confused when you’re rich and famous.”
インタビューの名手と呼ばれたバーバラウォルターズに秘訣を尋ねたところThe most important thing is to do your homework.と返答しています。そうですよねえ、はい。。。
What’s the difference between interviewing someone and being interviewed? When you’re interviewing someone, you’re in control. When you’re being interviewed, you think you’re in control, but you’re not.
How do you put people at ease when you’re interviewing them? The most important thing is to do your homework. It used to really annoy me when someone would come to interview me and say, “I’m sorry. I’ve never seen you on the air.”
"I just wanted to be here today to personally thank all of you and tell everyone out there how much all of your love and support has meant to me over these past difficult few weeks. Not that I had any doubt before, but you guys are most certainly the greatest fans in the world. And I wanted to dedicate this award to Cory for all of you who loved and admired Cory as much as I did, I promise that with your love, we're going to get through this together. He was very special to me and also to the world and we were very lucky to witness his incredible talent, his handsome smile and his beautiful, beautiful heart. So whether you knew him personally or just as Finn Hudson, Cory reached out and he became a part of all of our hearts, and that's where he'll stay for ever. So thank you guys so much. Thank you."
１分２０秒あたりから How people who live peacefully live together as friends and neighbors can suddenly turn on each other. How war changes people making them capable of intolerable cruelty. And what is it like to lose everything and experience every form of trauma and violence. And on top of it to be abandoned by the international community to feel that the world has turned its back on you in your hour of needs.
I chose to explore these issues through the medium of film. But it is an art. It’s not a documentary. Its purpose is not to vilify but it’s to try to understand. It is a study of the human conditions. As art, it will mean a different thing to different people. Everyone is free to draw their own conclusions. But whatever you take from this film, I hope that you will be inspired to think further about these issues.
4分10秒過ぎの最後の部分です。 This is a goal that we can reach in our lifetimes. When I started down the road, making this film, I thought only of telling the story and doing my best to try to give a voice of a survivor.
Today I’m here not only as a director but as a campaigner and part of a global effort that is growing everyday. The suffering the film depicts is immense and it is only one small piece of the worldwide picture.
But as large as the problem is, the opportunities we have and the strength we have are at our disposal as the community of nations is far greater. So together we have the power to prevent these tragedies from being repeated.
We cannot change the past. But the future, that is an open question. And you are all part of that answer. So I thank you once again very much for being with us today.
