Dec. 1, 2013 This week, Jane Ridley talks about “The Heir Apparent,” her new book about Edward VII; Julie Bosman has notes from the field; Adam Kirsch and Rivka Galchen discuss Hannah Arendt’s “Eichmann in Jerusalem”; and Gregory Cowles has best-seller news. Pamela Paul is the host.
このPodcastはアーレントの本について語ったものですが、映画『アーレント』の映画評がNew York Review of Booksにありました。こちらも辛口に批判的に検討しているものです。
Hannah Arendt: Ihr Denken veränderte die Welt [Hannah Arendt: Her Thought Changed the World] edited by Martin Wiebel, with a foreword by Franziska Augstein Munich: Piper, 252 pp., €9.99 (paper)
映画をいろいろな点から批判していますが、アイヒマンの裁判での真実ではなく、自分を貫く(true to yourself)ということがメインテーマになってしまっていると評者は考えています。50年後の今ではアイヒマンはbanalな役人ではなく積極的に加担していた事が明らかになっているのにそこには一切触れていないのです。
The deepest problem with the film, though, is not tastelessness. It is truth. At first glance the movie appears to be about nothing but the truth, which Arendt defends against her blinkered, mainly male adversaries. But its real subject is remaining true to yourself, not to the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. In her director’s statement on the film von Trotta says that “Arendt was a shining example of someone who remained true to her unique perspective on the world.” One can understand von Trotta’s reluctance to get into the details of the Eichmann case, let alone foreshadow what we know about it now, which would have violated the film’s integrity. But something else seems violated when a story celebrates a thinker’s courage in defending a position we now know to be utterly indefensible—as Arendt, were she alive, would have to concede.
Since the Eichmann trial, and especially over the past fifteen years, a great body of evidence has accumulated about Eichmann’s intimate involvement in and influence over the Nazis’ strategy for expelling, then herding, and then exterminating Europe’s Jews. More damning still, we now have the original tapes that a Dutch Nazi sympathizer, Willem Sassen, made with Eichmann in Argentina in the 1950s, in which Eichmann delivers rambling monologues about his experience and his commitment to the extermination project. These have recently been collated and analyzed by the German scholar Bettina Stangneth, and the passages she quotes in her new book are chilling:
The cautious bureaucrat, yeah, that was me…. But joined to this cautious bureaucrat was a fanatical fighter for the freedom of the Blut I descend from…. What’s good for my Volk is for me a holy command and holy law…. I must honestly tell you that had we…killed 10.3 million Jews I would be satisfied and would say, good, we’ve exterminated the enemy…. We would have completed the task for our Blut and our Volk and the freedom of nations had we exterminated the most cunning people in the world…. I’m also to blame that…the idea of a real, total elimination could not be fulfilled…. I was an inadequate man put in a position where, really, I could have and should have done more.2
また、その後にBanality of evilやthoughtlessの考えの危うさについて触れているのですが、そのような考えは従順に従うことを批判し、それに歯向かうことが素晴らしいと信じた70年代の左翼過激派とのつながりを見出しています。
In the end, Hannah Arendt has little to do with the Holocaust or even with Adolf Eichmann. It is a stilted, and very German, morality play about conformism and independence. Von Trotta’s generation (she was born in 1942) suffered the shock of learning in school about the Nazi experience and confronting their evasive parents at home, and in a sense they never recovered from it. (She convincingly dramatizes one of these angry dinner table confrontations in Marianne and Juliane.) Even today this generation has trouble seeing German society in any categories other than those of potential criminals, resisters, and silent bystanders.
When left-wing radicalism was at its violent peak in the 1970s the following false syllogism became common wisdom: Nazi crimes were made possible by blind obedience to orders and social convention; therefore, anyone who still obeys rules and follows convention is complicit with Nazism, while anyone who rebels against them strikes a retrospective blow against Hitler. For the left in that period the Holocaust was not fundamentally about the Jews and hatred of Jews (in fact, anti-Semitism was common on the radical left). It was, narcissistically, about Germans’ relation to themselves and their unwillingness, in the extreme case, to think for themselves. Von Trotta’s Hannah Arendt shares that outlook.
Banality of evilやthoughtlessというのは結構便利で、単純化してしまうと、東京電力とか、霞ヶ関とか、大企業や官僚の不祥事に何でも適用できてしまえそうですよね。個人的には考えることをやめてしまったからというよりも『戦争と飢餓』が描き出したような背に腹はかえられない状況がこのような事態を招いてしまったのではと思っています（詳しく考えた訳ではありませんが。。。）アーレントはマルクス的な考えが嫌いだったので、こういう経済的な観点あらこの問題を検討する事はしないんでしょうけど。
BOOKS / REVIEWS Light and Dark BY JORDAN SIEVERS STAFF WRITER NOV 16, 2013
“Light and Dark” is one of the late Natsume Soseki’s longest and most famous masterpieces. Although the allure is partly due to its lack of a concrete ending because of Soseki’s untimely death, the novel (sans ending) is still considered to be one of the best pieces of Japanese contemporary literature, and a prime example of Japanese society on the cusp of World War I.
（中略）
This new translation by University of California professor John Nathan updates the prose in both tone, style and, of course, meaning. With previous translations poorly received in the past, Nathan prefaces the novel by stating his intention was to provide the English speaker with an identical experience as a native Japanese.
アマゾンではすでに発売されており、訳者John Nathan氏の丁寧な紹介と翻訳についての断りをサンプルでも読むことができます。英語学習者にとってはA Note on the Translationの方が興味深かったのでこちらを少しご紹介します。the text of Light and Dark, read closely, is even for me a universe of complex language not easily fathomed.と答えた漱石研究者の言葉から、いろいろに解釈できる文書を翻訳する場合にどのような方法が取りうるのかを考えていきます。 A Note on the Translation
IN HIS first response to a list of questions that I had sent him, a Soseki scholar in Tokyo wrote: "Rereading the passages you have marked, I find they contain difficult problems that cannot be answered simply. Your questions have led me to the realization that the text of Light and Dark, read closely, is even for me a universe of complex language not easily fathomed." I was surprised by this but also reassured to think that the difficulty I was having as a reader was not altogether due to inadequate command. Over time I consulted others, observed them shaking their heads, and began to feel comfortable with the conclusion that Soseki's language in Light and Dark is after all a challenge to understand even for literate native readers. To be sure, there are moments when the interior landscape emerges in lucid focus as though bathed in early morning light; at other times, the reader must hold on for dear life as Soseki descends through the murkiness toward the depths he is seeking.
This is particularly the case in the narrative passages that the Japanese call "psychological description." Soseki assigns to words idiosyncratic, deeply personal connotations, and his syntax can be not so much tortuous as indeterminate: sentences aggregate into passages that point toward meaning without ever quite arriving. In this final novel, Soseki appears to be experimenting, taxing his language with a mode of description unfamiliar to him, intentionally deranging his masterly prose, and the result must be deemed uneven, now brilliantly exact and now opaque.
読みやすいように解釈して翻訳するのか、それとも難しいものは難しいままに翻訳するのか、John Nathanさんはto provide the reader in English with an experience equivalent to what the native reader experiences in Japaneseことが重要だと感じているようなので、後者を重要視しているようです。
To return to the narrative that prefaces and reflects on the dialogue, Light and Dark confronts the translator with a twofold challenge. I have suggested the difficulty I experienced comprehending passages in the text. But arriving with some certainty at what Soseki intended to say was only the beginning. Should I translate the language I had managed to decipher paraphrastically, taming it for the benefit of the English reader? Or must I labor to render it in English as resistant to easy comprehension as the Japanese original? The latter course was dictated by my fundamental view of the translator's task: to provide the reader in English with an experience equivalent to what the native reader experiences in Japanese. But that far more difficult approach, even assuming I possessed the craft to achieve it, would require the courage to fly in the face of the reader's expectation that translations should proceed "smoothly."
The centripetal power of this expectation should not be underestimated - it is at least partly responsible for the blandness of many literary translations - and I will not pretend that I never succumbed. Perhaps a single example will suffice. In the following lines, Tsuda reflects on a violent altercation with Kobayashi that he has imagined. The passage had baffled me, and when I showed it to an ardent Soseki reader who is a novelist in her own right, she exclaimed, "This is horrendous! Shame on him!" First a literal rendering in English:
But his critique could not proceed beyond that point. Dishonoring himself vis-a-vis another person, if ever he should perpetrate such a thing how terrible that would be! This alone lay at the base of his ethical view. On closer inspection one had no choice but to reduce this to scandal. Accordingly, the bad guy was Kobayashi alone.
The following somewhat overarticulated version is from V. H. Vigilielmo’s 1971 translation:
And yet his assessment of such a hypothetical scene could not go beyond that point. If ever he should lose face in front of others, it would be dreadful. This was all there was at the root of all his ethical views. If one tried to express this more simply, one could reduce it to the simple fact that he feared scandal. Therefore the only person in the wrong would be Kobayashi.
As for me, in the light of conjecture offered by the native readers I consulted, I settled on the following.
But he was unable to develop his critique beyond this. To disgrace himself in the eyes of others was more than he could contemplate. Saving face was the fundament of his ethics. His only thought was that appearances must be preserved, scandal above all avoided. By that token, the villain of the piece was Kobayashi.
I am confident that this is what Soseki intended, but inasmuch as it offers no resistance to interpretation it represents a compromise. Not that I always acquiesced to the pressure to domesticate the translation. On the contrary, I labored to preserve in my English the varieties of difficulty I perceived in Soseki's Japanese.
John Nathanさんの講義案内みたいのをネットで見つける事ができました。ヘンリージェームズの『ある貴婦人の肖像』と読み比べていく授業のようです。
Comparative Literature 200: Seminar in Comparative Literature Professor John Nathan The course will be organized around a reading/comparison of James’s The Portrait of a Lady and Sōseki’s unfinished masterpiece, Light and Dark (in a new translation by John Nathan). Graduate students will be assigned additional reading, including, for example, Henry James’s New York Edition: The Construction of Authorship; and will be asked to author a seminar paper (4000-5000 words) focused on narrative method in Sōseki and James. Graduate students in Japanese studies will be expected to reference secondary sources in Japanese.
When: Tuesday, December 10, 2013 4:30 PM - 6:00 PM Where: Luce Hall (LUCE), Room 202 34 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, CT 06511 Tags: arts, lecture, other, talk
Speaker/Performer: John Nathan, University of California, Santa Barbara Description: CEAS Japan Colloquium. Nathan will propose that, with his final work, Light and Dark (1916), Sōseki invented the modern Japanese novel. He will focus on the unprecedented depth and exactitude of character revelation Sōseki achieved in that work, on its affinity with narrative strategies evolved by his European contemporaries, George Meredith and Henry James in particular, and on the originality of the language he developed to achieve a unique fusion of Jamesian precisions on the one hand and Japanese impressionism on the other. A critical question he will address as a translator is whether fiction so meticulously grounded in the soil of Japanese behavior can convey the accuracy of its observation and the arresting modernity — of its narrative approach through the veil of translation.
Open To: General Public Admission: Free Contact Information:
NEW YORK -- Jeff Fager, chairman of CBS News and executive producer of '"60 Minutes," informed staff Tuesday that Lara Logan and her producer, Max McClellan, would be taking a leave of absence following an internal report on the news magazine's discredited Oct. 27 Benghazi report.
“As Executive Producer, I am responsible for what gets on the air,” Fager wrote in a memo obtained by The Huffington Post. “I pride myself in catching almost everything, but this deception got through and it shouldn’t have.”
NEW YORK -- CBS News correspondent Lara Logan will no longer be hosting the annual press freedom awards dinner hosted by the Committee to Protect Journalists on Tuesday night, as she had long been scheduled to do.
Logan's appearance would have been notable given that she remains embroiled in a controversy over last month’s discredited “60 Minutes” report on the terrorist attack in Benghazi, Libya. Logan has not spoken publicly about the report since apologizing for it on air. Joseph Burkett, Logan's husband, ushered a Newsweek reporter out of their house last week.
By now most of you have received the report from Al Ortiz about the problems with the 60 Minutes story on Benghazi.
There is a lot to learn from this mistake for the entire organization. We have rebuilt CBS News in a way that has dramatically improved our reporting abilities. Ironically 60 Minutes, which has been a model for those changes, fell short by broadcasting a now discredited account of an important story, and did not take full advantage of the reporting abilities of CBS News that might have prevented it from happening.
As a result, I have asked Lara Logan, who has distinguished herself and has put herself in harm’s way many times in the course of covering stories for us, to take a leave of absence, which she has agreed to do. I have asked the same of producer Max McClellan, who also has a distinguished career at CBS News.
As Executive Producer, I am responsible for what gets on the air. I pride myself in catching almost everything, but this deception got through and it shouldn’t have.
When faced with a such an error, we must use it as an opportunity to make our broadcast even stronger. We are making adjustments at 60 Minutes to reduce the chances of it happening again.
There is a lot of pride at CBS News. Every broadcast is working hard to live up to the high standard set at CBS News for excellence in reporting. This was a regrettable mistake. But there are many fine professionals at 60 Minutes who produce some of the very best of broadcast journalism, covering the important and interesting stories of our times, and they will continue to do so each and every Sunday.
Jeff Fager Chairman, CBS News Executive Producer, 60 Minutes
以下の部分がleave of absenceに触れているところですが、簡単に背景説明をしてからleave of absenceを命じたことを伝えています。やはりこういうデリケートな問題はまず背景説明や理由を話してからするようですね。
There is a lot to learn from this mistake for the entire organization. We have rebuilt CBS News in a way that has dramatically improved our reporting abilities. Ironically 60 Minutes, which has been a model for those changes, fell short by broadcasting a now discredited account of an important story, and did not take full advantage of the reporting abilities of CBS News that might have prevented it from happening.
As a result, I have asked Lara Logan, who has distinguished herself and has put herself in harm’s way many times in the course of covering stories for us, to take a leave of absence, which she has agreed to do. I have asked the same of producer Max McClellan, who also has a distinguished career at CBS News.
Nov. 4, 2013, New York, NY - Blacksmith Institute and Green Cross Switzerland have published the 2013 report of the world's worst polluted places, The Top Ten Toxic Threats: Cleanup, Progress, and Ongoing Challenges. The report presents a new list of the top ten polluted places and provides updates on sites previously published by Blacksmith and Green Cross. A range of pollution sources and contaminants are cited, including hexavalent chromium from tanneries and heavy metals released from smelting operations. The report estimates that sites like those listed in the top ten pose a health risk to more than 200 million people in low- and medium-income countries.
その中にノリリスクも入っていました。どうやら鉱山関連での汚染が原因で選ばれることが多そうです。
Progress Made, Much More Required The authors of the report explain that significant progress has been made at many of the original top ten sites. As a result, several of these have been removed from the list. New sites mentioned include Agbogbloshie, an e-waste processing site in Accra, Ghana, and Kalimantan, Indonesia, which has become contaminated with mercury resulting from small scale gold mining.
The World's Worst Polluted Places in 2013 (unranked) Agbogbloshie, Ghana Chernobyl*, Ukraine Citarum River, Indonesia Dzershinsk*, Russia Hazaribagh, Bangladesh Kabwe*, Zambia Kalimantan, Indonesia Matanza Riachuelo, Argentina Niger River Delta, Nigeria Norilsk*, Russia
A SPECIAL NOTE ON FUKUSHIMA The Fukushima nuclear disaster that occurred in March 2011 was one of the worst the world has ever seen. The damage from a powerful tsunami in the region caused massive equipment failures leading to a partial meltdown of the plant and the release of radioactive materials into the surrounding environment. Despite a quick reaction to curtail the spread of radiation and minimize the damage, over 2 years have passed since the accident and radioactive materials are still seeping into the surrounding environment and the Pacific Ocean. In September 2013, estimates put the amount of polluted water dumped into the sea at just over 1,000 tons.17 It is currently believed that the plume of radioactive cesium-137 released by the disaster could begin flowing into the U.S. coastal waters starting in early 2014. Additionally, a 2013 WHO report predicts that for populations living around the Fukushima nuclear power plant there is a 70% higher risk of developing thyroid cancer for girls exposed as infants, a 7% higher risk of leukemia in males exposed as infants, a 6% higher risk of breast cancer in females exposed as infants and a 4% higher risk, overall, of developing solid cancers for females.
Green Cross Switzerland has a number of ongoing interventions at the site. These include “Therapy Camps” for children and adolescents. Here they receive medical and psychological care in a healthy and clean environment. Interventions also include those aimed at families to help them adopt simple practices to limit their exposure to dangerous radioactivity.
Ruth Ozeki’s recent novel, the 2013 Man Booker-shortlisted “A Tale For the Time Being,” is best described as a hybrid: a fictional masterpiece with footnotes and appendices like a research paper; a colorful scrawl of inventive creativity marked by scientific asides ranging from ocean gyres to quantum mechanics; a playful meta-fiction, the memoir Ozeki never wrote — an unforgettable Zen collusion of time and space housed within a paper shell.
Ozekiさんは大学そして卒業後会わせて10年間日本で暮らしていたそうです。
In young adulthood, Japan became her home. During university and afterwards, Ozeki spent a total of 10 years living or working in Japan, studying as a Monbusho scholar at Nara University, working for Japanese television, studying Noh theater, opening a language school. These experiences shaped her hybrid identity. “On the East Coast of America in the ’60s and ’70s,” she explains, “people really identified me as a Japanese girl and I kind of fell into that stereotype as a child. Going to Japan my second year in college as an adult, people treated me as an American. There was something viscerally surprising about that, and that’s when it occurred to me that I was also entitled to be all those very American things, including being loud or obnoxious, having a sense of humor, all of those things that I really didn’t think I could be as a Japanese girl. It was interesting how those stereotypes in a very subtle way informed my sense of who I was.”
Japan also beckons next year as a novelist: the Japanese publisher Hayakawa has just bought the Japanese-language rights for “A Tale For the Time Being,” and Ozeki hopes to be a part of the translation process. She also plans to attend the 2014 Tokyo Literary Festival in March. Jane Smiley, a celebrated author and a former chair of the judges’ panel for the Man Booker International Prize, defined an earlier novel of Ozeki’s for the Chicago Tribune Book Review as a “comical-satirical-farcical-epical-tragical-romantical novel.” For Ozeki, “that really pointed out this blending or blurring thing that I seem to do. It is a kind of trademark of the way I write and who I am.”
ニューヨークで柴田元幸さんとジェイルービンさんが村上春樹について語っているWhat We Talk About When We Talk About Haruki Murakamiという動画がありました。本当にいい時代になったものです。UCバークレーでの講演の動画もありました。インタビューであった『ねじまき鳥クロニクル』でのメガネの色が茶色から黒に変わってしまっていることを村上春樹に指摘したら本人も気づいてなかったというエピソードは講演会でも語っています。
Maria Bartiromo to leave CNBC this month Published: Monday, 18 Nov 2013 | 5:44 PM ET Maria Bartiromo will leave CNBC at the expiration of her contract later this month, the network's president said on Monday.
Bartiromo recently celebrated her 20th anniversary with the network.
"After 20 years of groundbreaking work at CNBC, Maria Bartiromo will be leaving the company as her contract expires on November 24th," the network said in a statement. "Her contributions to CNBC are too numerous to list but we thank her for all of her hard work over the years and wish her the best."
In a note to staff, CNBC president Mark Hoffman said Kelly Evans would replace Bartiromo on an interim basis on "Closing Bell," the network's show that airs from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. ET.
Hoffman also said he would leave it to Bartiromo to announce her future plans.
民主党よりの番組は彼女を批判的に取り上げています。金持ち寄りの態度だというのです。FOXに移るようですから、余計そのように思ってしまうのでしょう。個人的には彼女のOn the Moneyというポッドキャストを購読していたので少し寂しくなります。
ビジネスインサイダーは以下のように理由を推測しています。
Here's Why Maria Bartiromo Is Leaving CNBC For FOX Business JULIA LA ROCHE AND HENRY BLODGET NOV. 22, 2013, 2:12 PM The financial media world was stunned this week when Drudge Report broke the news that Maria Bartiromo would be leaving CNBC for FOX Business Network.
Bartiromo, affectionately known as the "Money Honey," has been a fixture at CNBC for two decades. She was one of the network's earliest and biggest stars, and she celebrated her 20-year anniversary there just last month.
************
According to a source familiar with Bartiromo's thinking, her decision came down to three factors: Money. FOX made a big offer. CNBC increased its own offer, but didn't quite match FOX's. Visibility. FOX is going to give Bartiromo a live Sunday show on the FOX News Channel, which has a vastly larger audience than either business network. Bartiromo explored the possibility of hosting a similar show on NBC, but "Meet The Press" was taken and NBC wasn't willing to create a similar slot for her. The opportunity to, once again, help build something. FOX Business is no longer a startup network, but it has a long way to go before it challenges CNBC as the most popular business network.
Even those who don't think Bartiromo's departure will have much impact on CNBC have huge respect for her work ethic.
"She is a bulldog. She just works really, really hard. She's an impressive person. She's just driven. She's smart. She's energetic...She fiercely guards her territory...She's tough in a good way... She's just a hard working, driven person and she's competitive. I think that's going to be interesting to see what they're able to do with that," one source who has worked with her said.
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（ロングマン） Declaration of Independence, the the document written in 1776, in which the thirteen British colonies in America officially stated that they were an independent nation and would no longer agree to be ruled by Britain. The most famous part of it is: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
ロングマンでも触れていた最も有名な冒頭部分を少し長めに以下に引用します。
We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their CREATOR, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
オリジナル引用元 日本語訳引用元 WHEN, in the Course of human Events, it becomes necessary for one People to dissolve the Political Bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the Powers of the Earth, the separate and equal Station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's GOD entitle them, a decent Respect to the Opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the Causes which impel them to the Separation.
We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed, by their CREATOR, with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its Foundation on such Principles, and organizing its Powers in such Form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate, that Governments long established, should not be changed for light and transient Causes; and accordingly all Experience hath shewn, that Mankind are more disposed to suffer, while Evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the Forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long Train of Abuses and Usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a Design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their Right, it is their Duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future Security. Such has been the patient Sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the Necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The History of the present King of Great-Britain is a History of repeated Injuries and Usurpations, all having in direct Object the Establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid World.
（オックスフォード） Harper’s Magazine (also Harper’s) an intellectual US magazine known for its news articles, essays and short stories. The oldest US magazine, it was started in 1850 by Harper and Brothers and has been owned since 1980 by the Harper’s Magazine Foundation.
（ウィキペディア） Harper's Magazine (also called Harper's) is a monthly magazine of literature, politics, culture, finance, and the arts. Launched in June 1850, it is the second-oldest continuously published monthly magazine in the U.S. (Scientific American is the oldest). The current editor is Ellen Rosenbush, who replaced Roger Hodge in January 2010. Harper's Magazine has won many National Magazine Awards.[2]
以下の記事にたまたまたどり着いて知りました。Harper's magazine has been at once pro-technology and yet decidedly analog.とあるようにデジタル化に全面反対というわけではなく、オンラインで創刊号からすべてをアーカイブしたりしていたそうです。ただ、端末での読書にはそれほど力を入れてなかったようで、このあたりはアトランティックとは対照的でしたね。
Harper's magazine has been at once pro-technology and yet decidedly analog. The publication underwent a massive project to make its 163 years of archives available online, yet has stuck to an overwhelmingly print-first strategy, with only a barebones website with a few available articles. But it's been dragged into the screen-first age this week, working with 29th Street Publishing to build an app for the iPhone and iPad, with Android support coming soon as well. Issues are available free to paid subscribers, or for $5.99 each in the app. Harper's previously had an iOS app, but it was just a PDF of the print magazine — the new app feels much more native, and is much easier to read and share.
For 29th Street Publishing, Harper's is the first big-name magazine to employ its services, and it'll be the first 29th Street publication to count in actual circulation figures. It's a welcome digital-friendly move for Harper's readers — and a surprising one from the company that called Google "toddler gibberish" — providing a way for the consistently excellent magazine to grow among a print-free market. And it's a clear sign that while the iPad may not be the entire future of the magazine industry, it's an ever-more important part of it.
以下がサイトでの発表です。We’re pleased to announce the launch of…なんてのは告知文でおなじみの表現ですね。
We’re pleased to announce the launch of a Harper’s Magazine app for iOS, and the imminent launch of an app for Android. Henceforth, print subscribers will be able to read Harper’s on their tablets and smartphones free of charge, while other readers around the world will be able to subscribe and purchase single issues directly on their devices.
iPhone December 2013 screen capWe developed our app in partnership with 29th Street Publishing, which has built and published apps for Poetry, ProPublica, The Awl, and many others. Their publishing system makes it relatively simple for us to publish a mobile-friendly magazine that honors the simple, elegant design of the print edition of Harper’s while enhancing other aspects of the magazine, like our award-winning photography. （後略）
“Education is not preparation for life education is life itself” - John Dewey, Teachers College 1916
DEWEY OR DON'T WE?
DO WE OR DON'T WE want the United Star jest-educated nation in the world?
DO WE OR DON'T WE want all children to have the tools to become empowered learners who make meaningful contributions to society?
DO WE OR DON'T WE believe that education not only matters, but matters most of all? At Teachers College, there's only one answer: WE DO.
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有名な書き出しは、聖書の詩編を連想させる表現で始まっていて、キング牧師のI have a dreamの演説もこれに則っているのですね。
（ロングマン） score plural score a group of 20, or about 20, people or things a score of something Our coach was escorted by a score of policemen. three score years and ten old use (=70 years, a person's expected length of life)
まあ、Four score and seven years agoを日本語に訳す場合は87年前となってしまうのですが、以下のプロジェクト杉田玄白の翻訳では工夫されていました。ちなみにリンカーンが指しているのはアメリカの独立宣言のことです。
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. ４世代(*1)と７年前に私たちの祖先たちはこの大陸に、自由の理念から生まれ、全ての 人が平等に創られているという命題に捧げられた一つの新しい国を生み出しました。
下記がキング牧師の演説のはじめです。
Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. 今から100年前に、我々が今日その像の下に立っている偉大なるアメリカ人(＝リンカンー大統領)が、奴隷解放宣言に署名しました。
This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. この重要な宣言は、それまで燃えさかる不正義の炎に焼き焦がされてきた何百万もの黒人奴隷たちにとって、希望を示す素晴らしい灯りでした。
It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. それは奴隷制度のもとでの長い夜の終わりを告げる喜びの夜明けでした。
ロングマンでthree score years and ten old use (=70 years, a person's expected length of life)とあるように人の一生を指す表現のようで、聖書の詩編は以下のようにありました。
(King James Version) 10 The days of our years are threescore years and ten; and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years, yet is their strength labour and sorrow; for it is soon cut off, and we fly away. 11 Who knoweth the power of thine anger? even according to thy fear, so is thy wrath. 12 So teach us to number our days, that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom.
今週のEconomistの表紙はThe Man who used to walk on waterとあります。前のブログを読んでくださった方はこのテーマを過去に取り上げたことを思い出していただけるかもしれません。2010年のニューヨーカーの表紙が以下です。オバマの神がかったオーラが完全に消え失せてしまったことを伝えるもので、詳細は本記事最後のほうをご覧ください。
On this week’s episode of Saturday Night Live, cast member Jay Pharoah starred as the POTUS in a commercial for treating presidential depression. And the SNL writers didn’t hold back, taking direct shots at Obama for his embarrassing second term thus far — especially the rollout of Obamacare.
Precautionary measures Major African campaigns targeting malaria and HIV could help millions, but key concerns over their long-term effects should not be forgotten. 13 November 2013
The success seen in the clinical trials, however, is not guaranteed as the programme is scaled up to cover possibly more than 20 million children in parts of Africa. Six nations started giving antimalarials this year, but treated just a fraction of their intended recipients because of funding and organization problems. This raises concerns that the programmes will not carry out the ancillary monitoring efforts needed to ensure success. Funding must be provided to track whether the large-scale prevention campaign reduces the number of malaria cases as hoped, and to ensure that resistant forms of the parasite do not spread more quickly than anticipated. The problem is that funders are typically less interested in supporting follow-up studies than in testing ideas and carrying out interventions. And monitoring has long been a weak point for malaria: global surveillance catches just 10% of the estimated global malaria cases each year.
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Just as with the preventive malaria drugs, there must be sufficient monitoring to track whether circumcision is as effective at reducing HIV transmission as it was during the smaller trials. Early signs are positive, and that is good news for millions of African men and women.
アンジェリーナ・ジョリーがなんだかどんどん学級委員長みたいな感じになっていて嫌な感じに思えることもあったのですが、彼女のアカデミー賞のスピーチを聞いて、そんな大きなお世話な心配は無用だと分かりました。スピーチを聞けばI don't know why this is my life and that's hers. I don’t understand that.という言葉が決しておごりからでたものではないことを感じることができます。ジョリーのお母さんとの思い出話の部分も良かったですが、後半部分をご紹介させていただきます。
A・ジョリーさんにアカデミー賞特別賞、人道支援たたえ 2013年11月18日 10:00 発信地:ロサンゼルス/米国 【11月18日 AFP】米映画芸術科学アカデミー（Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences）は17日、女優アンジェリーナ・ジョリー（Angelina Jolie）さんに人道支援活動をたたえるアカデミー賞特別賞「ジーン・ハーショルト博愛賞（Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award）」を授与した。 ハリウッド（Hollywood）で開催されたセレモニーには映画業界のそうそうたる面々が出席。ジョリーさんは婚約者のブラッド・ピット（Brad Pitt）さん、息子のマドックス（Maddox）君とともに会場に現れた。 映画監督ジョージ・ルーカス（George Lucas）さんから賞を授与されたジョリーさんは、2007年に56歳でがんのため死去した母親について涙ながらに語った。
2分15秒当たりから She did give me love and confidence and above all she was very clear that nothing would mean anything if I didn’t live a life of use to others. And I didn’t know what that meant for a long time. I came into this business young and worried about my own experiences, my own pain. And it was only when I began to travel and look at life beyond my home that I understood my responsibility to others. 母は私に愛情を注ぎ、自信をつけてくれました。でも何よりも, 他の人に役立てる人生を送らなければ何の意味もないときっぱりと語っていました。長い間そのことが意味することを分かっていませんでした。この業界に若くして入って、自分のしてきたことやつらいことしか心配していませんでした。旅行をし始めて、故郷から離れた生活を目にするようになってから、ようやく他の人に対する責任を理解したのです。
And I’ve met survivors of war and famine, rape. I’ve learned what life is like for most people in this world. And how fortunate I was to have food to eat and a roof over my head, a safe place to live and the joy of having my family safe and healthy. And I have realized how sheltered I have been. And I was determined, never to be that way again. 戦争や飢餓、レイプを生き延びた人たちに会ってきました。この世界の多くの人にとって人生はどんなものか学んできました。とても幸運なことなのです、食べるものがあり、頭上には屋根があり、安全に住める場所があり、家族が安全に健康に暮らせる喜びがあるということは。私がどれほど守られた生活をしていたのか気づいたのです。そこで私は決心したのです。絶対にこうしたことを繰り返してはならないと。
We are all, everyone in this room, so fortunate. I have never understood why some people are lucky enough to be born with the chance that I had to have this path in life and why, across the world, there's a woman just like me, the same abilities, the same desires, the same work ethic and love for her family who would most likely make better films than me — better speeches. この部屋にいる皆さんはとても恵まれています。どうしても分からないことがあります。このような人生を送れる機会に恵まれているほど幸運な人がいる中で、世界には、私と同じような女性います。同じ能力、同じ希望、同じ仕事の取り組み、家族への愛情があり、きっと、私よりもいい映画を作り、いいスピーチをできることでしょう。
Only she sits in a refugee camp. She has no voice. She worries about what her children will eat, how to keep them safe and if they'll ever be allowed to return home. I don't know why this is my life and that's hers. I don’t understand that. But I will do as my mother asked and I will do the best I can with this life to be of use. And to stand here today means that I did as she asked. If she were alive, she would be proud. Thank you for that. ただ、彼女は難民キャンプで過ごしているのです。彼女の声は届きません。日々心配していることは、子供に何を食べさせようか、子供の安全を守るにはどうしたらいいか、子供たちが故郷に戻ることができるかどうかなどです。どうしてか分かりません、私がこのような人生を送り、彼女があのような人生を送っているのか、わかりません。でも、私は母が求めたことをしていこうと思います。この人生でできうる限りの最高のことをして役立てていこうと思います。今日この場にいることは、母が求めたことを実行できたことであります。母が生きていたら、誇りに思ってくれたでしょう。どうもありがとうございました。
RAHM EMANUEL: I’d just say this to all the experts they gathered in one room. If it looks like an antenna, acts like an antenna, then guess what? It is an antenna. For all those who want to climb on top of an antenna and take a look, go ahead. I would suggest you stay indoors and take a look.
It is an antennaの後はNot that I'm competitive. That would be wrong.と語っていると思います。この当たりはエゴが強く攻撃的な性格であると思われていることを自覚しての発言でしょう。
Emanuel forcefully disagreed, defending the supremacy of Chicago's skyline.
"I just saw the decision," the mayor said. "And I would just say to all the experts gathered in one room, if it looks like an antenna, acts like an antenna, then guess what? It is an antenna. That's number one.
"Number two," he continued, "I think (with) the Willis Tower you will have a view that's unprecedented in its beauty, its landscape and its capacity to capture something. Something you can't do from an antenna. Not that I'm competitive. So for all those who want to climb on top of an antenna and take a look, go ahead. I would suggest stay indoors and take a look."
（ウィキペディア） ラーム・イスラエル・エマニュエル（Rahm Israel Emanuel、1959年11月29日-）は、アメリカの民主党の政治家。シカゴ市長。バラク・オバマ政権下で2009年から2010年まで大統領首席補佐官を務める。 ＊＊＊＊＊ 彼は、クリントン前大統領の大統領選挙に対する貢献から、1993年から1998年までクリントン政権の政策に関する上級補佐官となった。 毒舌で攻撃的な面があり、クリントン政権時代には同僚から「ランボー」（Rahmbo）とのあだ名がついた程である。また、政治ドラマ『ザ・ホワイトハウス』に登場するホワイトハウス次席補佐官ジョシュ・ライマンのモデルだとされている。
今回取り上げるのは、以下の部分です。 If it looks like an antenna, acts like an antenna, then guess what? It is an antenna.
If it walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, it is a duck. 「アヒルのようにヨタヨタ歩いて、アヒルのようにガーガー鳴けば、それはアヒルだ」
1960年代の労働運動の指導者ウォルター・ルーサー Walter Reuther(1970-70)の言葉である。ルーサーは全米自動車労働組合(UAW)委員長、産業別労働組合会議(CIO)会長を歴任したが、1970年に飛行機事故で死亡した。この言葉は「共産主義のような言動をする者は、共産主義者であることを断定されても仕方がない」の意味で使われる。誰かを共産主義者として決めつけるときに用いられる。
このフレーズは前のブログでも紹介したことがあります。こちらの方はif it looks like a duck, and it walks like a duck, it's a coup.とオリジナルに近い感じです。
And not to address this issue, and to try to divert attention with some arguments that simply do not hold under scrutiny, I think, does a disservice to the concept of the rule of law. If it -- if it looks like a duck, and it walks like a duck, it's a coup. I cannot believe that some would stake out the fact that this president was taken, not to a court to answer to charges, but bundled up in his pajamas, brought to a plane, and ferreted out of the country.
'It's better to look strong and healthy.' JENNIFER LAWRENCE, explaining why she won't lose weight to play Katniss, the heroine of the Hunger Games movies, who she knows is a role model to many girls
（ウィキペディア） Newsnight is a daily BBC Television current affairs programme which specialises in analysis and often robust cross-examination of senior politicians. Jeremy Paxman has been its main presenter for over two decades.[2] Several of the programme's editors over the years have gone on to senior positions within the BBC and elsewhere. Along with Paxman, the programmes regular presenters are Kirsty Wark,[3] Gavin Esler,[4] and Emily Maitlis.[5]
10 Questions for Doris Kearns Goodwin The historian talks presidential relationships, gun control and dealing with baseball nerves By Belinda Luscombe Monday, Nov. 18, 2013
Are we now in a similar time to Roosevelt's? A main concern in his time was that business enterprises had merged, an enormous gap had developed between the rich and the poor, and part of that was because of the Industrial Revolution, like the technological revolution we've had now. And there was also division in the Republican Party, although I didn't foresee the Tea Party when I started the book seven years ago.
Taft was a big guy, 350 lb. [158 kg] or so. In the current era, do you think weight is more of a liability for a potential leader? It probably is. There was one picture of Taft sideways, but today you see all the dimensions often. Even more important, obesity, we know now, is troublesome for health. I think people would be concerned about that in a way that they weren't in Taft's time.
So is anybody Taft-shaped who might be thinking of running for President doomed? It depends on how the person handles it. Obviously Chris Christie had surgery done. That means at least he is taking steps to help his situation. And he's so able to parry that if somebody tried to use it in a debate, you can picture him getting the better of the person.
Your favorite team, the Boston Red Sox, just won the World Series by not shaving. Do you have any superstitions when watching them play? The worst part of my irrational passion is that I don't even see half the game. I get too nervous. If I'm at home and there's some guy on base for the other team, I turn it off and come back a few minutes later hoping there was a double play. At [Fenway] Park, I'm better. When it gets really nervous-making, I'll go to the bathroom.
Despite such advances, though, the invisible nature of most infections means that areas thought to have been cleared can flare up again with little warning. For example, this year tests of sewage in both Israel and Egypt, which had been deemed polio-free, revealed polio virus that was descended from a strain detected in Pakistan- even though no symptomatic cases have yet been reported in either country. To prevent a return of the virus, population immunity levels need to be kept very high above 90 percent. And every year, a new cohort of unvaccinated children is born. Unless they are vaccinated, a susceptible population can build, ripe for a return of the virus. In Somalia, polio transmission was stopped in 2007, but fighting between Islamist groups and the Western-backed government in recent years has rendered large areas of the country inaccessible to vaccination programs. The polio campaign watched nervously until finally disaster struck with a new outbreak in May, with nearly 200 cases this year, and some reported in Ethiopia, Kenya, and South Sudan as well. In October, WHO announced that it was investigating a cluster of possible polio cases in Syria, where the conflict has produced more than 2 million refugees, (note: On October29, after this story went to press, the UN confirmed 10 cases of paralysis in Syria, dealing another serious setback to the global campaign. WHO estimates that as a result of the conflict there, some 500,000 children in Syria are unvaccinated.)
ソマリア連邦共和国におけるポリオ対策のための緊急無償資金協力 平成25年8月2日 Emergency grant aid to the Federal Republic of Somalia in response to the polio outbreak August 2, 2013 Japanese
本2日，我が国政府は，国際連合児童基金（UNICEF）を通じて，ソマリアにおけるポリオ感染拡大防止等に対する緊急対策のため，約135万ドル（約1億1，000万円）の緊急無償資金協力を実施することを決定しました。 On August 2, the Government of Japan decided to extend emergency grand aid of 1.35 million US dollars (approximately one hundred and ten million Japanese yen) through the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) to support the polio outbreak response in Somalia.
ソマリア中南部のバナディール地域では，5月9日に，生後32か月の女児から野生株ポリオウイルス1型の検出が報告されました。その後，7月23日までに72症例が確認されるなど感染が急速に拡大しており，緊急の対応が求められています。 On May 9, WPV (wild poliovirus) Type 1 was confirmed in a 32-month-old child from Banadir located in South and Central Somalia. After that, 72 cases were confirmed by July 2 and urgent action is requested as the infection is expanding rapidly.
我が国は，本年6月に主催した第5回アフリカ開発会議（TICADV）においてアフリカの更なる発展のための支援を表明しました。また，あわせて開催されたソマリア特別会合において議論された同国の社会経済開発の発展に向けて取り組んでいくこととしており，ポリオ撲滅に向けた取組の重要性及び人道上の観点から，今般，UNICEFからの要請を踏まえ，緊急無償資金協力を実施することとしました。 The Government of Japan manifested the support for Africa's further development at the Fifth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD V) this June and tackles for Somalia's socio-economic development which was discussed at the Somalia Conference on May 31. The Government of Japan, upon the request from UNICEF and from a humanitarian point of view, decided to extend this grant to contribute to efforts toward polio eradication.
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国連総会におけるポリオ撲滅に関するハイレベル会合の開催 平成24年9月27日 High-Level Side Meeting: "Our Commitment to the Next Generation: the Legacy of a Polio-free World" at the General Assembly of the United Nations September 27, 2012
9月27日（木曜日）（ニューヨーク現地時間），国連総会の機会に，潘基文（パン・ギムン）国連事務総長の主催により，ポリオ撲滅に関するハイレベル会合「次なる世代に対する我々のコミットメント：ポリオ・フリーの世界という遺産」が開催されました。カルザイ・アフガニスタン大統領，ギラード豪首相，ビル・ゲイツ・ゲイツ財団共同議長をはじめとする各国政府，国際機関，民間財団等の代表を含む約200名が参加し，我が国から玄葉光一郎外務大臣が出席しました。 On Thursday, September 27 (New York time), on the occasion of the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN), Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon hosted a high-level side meeting, "Our Commitment to the Next Generation: The Legacy of a Polio-free World." The meeting was attended by over 200 people from various governments, international organizations, and private institutions, including Mr. Hamid Karzai, President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan; Ms. Julia Gillard Prime Minister of Australia; and Mr. Bill Gates, Co-Chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Minister for Foreign Affairs Koichiro Gemba represented Japan at the event.
玄葉大臣は，ポリオ撲滅のために，パキスタンやナイジェリアでの取組強化が必要な中，持てる力を総動員して外交を行う「フルキャスト・ディプロマシー」がポリオ対策においても重要であることを述べ，パキスタンにおける我が国とゲイツ財団との協力（注）を紹介しました。この他にも無償資金協力やユニセフ経由による支援を行っていることを述べ，ポリオとの戦いにおいて，国際社会が一丸となって立ち向かうことを呼びかけました。 Referring to the importance of strengthening efforts in Pakistan and Nigeria to eradicate polio, Minister Gemba emphasized that "full-cast diplomacy" mobilizing every available resource and expertise of all stakeholders is critical in the fight against polio. As an example of this, he introduced Japan's recent partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation on campaigns against polio in Pakistan,(note) as well as Japan's other supports through its grant assistance scheme and through the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Meeting participants highly appreciated the contributions made by Japan and concurred with Minister Gemba in his call on the international community to stand as one in the fight against polio.
会合出席者からは，我が国の貢献に対する評価と謝意が表明され，ポリオの撲滅に向けた「最後のひと押し」のために国際社会が一致して取り組むことを確認しました。 Meeting participants reaffirmed the importance of the collective efforts of the international community for the final push to eradicate polio.
（注）昨年8月，パキスタンにおけるポリオ対策を支援するために，我が国はパキスタンとの間に49億9,300万円を限度とする円借款に係る書簡の交換を行いました。この協力により,パキスタン政府がポリオ撲滅キャンペーンを着実に実施した場合，ゲイツ財団がパキスタン政府に代わり我が国に対して円借款を返済する予定です。 (note) In August 2011, the Government of Japan and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan exchanged notes on the provision of a loan of approximately 65 million US dollars for Pakistan's national campaign against polio. Upon the successful outcome of these campaigns, the Gates Foundation will repay the loan on behalf of the Pakistani Government.
Against critics who blanch at the cost of eradication, Rosenthal counters that the polio campaign is paying dividends throughout the global health system. In Afghanistan, as elsewhere, the initiative is training a generation of health care workers like Rana in modern, goal-oriented public health practices: the cold-chain system, for example, as well as those new techniques in molecular epidemiology. In Indonesia, Rosenthal points out, "the polio lab network we built wound up forming the backbone for their measles campaign. Working on the polio campaign changed the way their public health officials work."
Moreover, the math of cost-benefit analyses runs aground when it comes to eradication campaigns, because the benefits, in theory, are infinite. That is: No one will ever die from or spend a dime on vaccinating against smallpox for the remainder of human history, barring a disaster involving one of the few lingering military stock- piles. According to a 2010 study, polio eradication would generate $40 billion to $50 billion in net benefits by 2035. Looking at a long enough timescale, the eradication of polio could someday be seen as positively cheap.
Now his biggest problem, while the global campaign waits for a resolution of the ban in Pakistan, is to prevent the disease from crossing back over the border. Attacks on polio workers there have continued a vaccination center in Peshawar was bombed in October, killing two people and wounding at least a dozen others. The most worrisome locus of all is North Waziristan, a region in Pakistan's tribal areas where the Taliban commander, Hafiz Gul Bahadur, has forbidden any polio vaccination campaigns since 2012, demanding that the US end its drone campaign in Pakistan before he relents. Today, researchers estimate that more than 160,000 children in North Waziristan have gone unvaccinated in the past year alone. The inevitable outbreak there is already under way and has spread beyond the province; the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (which include Waziristan) and the neighboring province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have had 38 paralysis cases in 2013, or nearly 90 percent of Pakistan's cases for the year. If children there can't be vaccinated, it will be almost impossible to stop the virus from spreading into Afghanistan and neighboring areas and perhaps to other parts of the world.
本11日（現地時間同日），パキスタン・イスラム共和国の首都イスラマバードにおいて，河野章駐パキスタン臨時代理大使とカレン・アレン国連児童基金（ユニセフ）パキスタン副代表（Ms. Karen Allen，UNICEF Deputy Representative in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan）との間で，2億2，600万円の一般プロジェクト無償資金協力「ポリオ感染拡大防止・撲滅計画」（The Project for the Control and Eradication of Poliomyelitis）に関する交換公文の署名式が行われました。 パキスタンは，世界的にもポリオ発症件数が多く，現在世界で3ヵ国残るポリオ常在国（他はナイジェリア，アフガニスタン）の1つです。同国のポリオ発症件数は，我が国を含めた国際社会の支援により着実に減少してきましたが，2010年，2011年は，洪水の影響もあり，発症件数は144件，198件と増加しました。これを受けて，ザルダリ大統領は，2011年1月に国家緊急行動計画，2012年1月には改訂版・国家緊急行動計画を発表し，重点感染地域を中心とした接種活動の強化や，ポリオに関する正しい知識を広める上で重要な啓蒙活動の強化等の取り組みを開始しました。この結果，2012年のポリオ発症件数は58件と，前年に比べ顕著に減少しています。加えて同国では7月以降は雨期に伴う衛生環境の悪化によりポリオが流行する傾向があるため，ポリオ撲滅のためには，非流行期であるこの時期を捉えて対策を強化することが重要となっています。 この計画は，ポリオ発症が確認された際に，それ以上の感染拡大を防ぐための一斉接種活動に必要なワクチン及び接種活動等に関する啓蒙活動を実施するために必要な資金を供与するものです。パキスタンでは，特にアフガニスタンとの国境周辺（ハイバル・パフトゥンハー州，連邦直轄部族地域，バロチスタン州）等の地域においてポリオの発症例が多く，この計画の実施により，これらの地域を中心とする感染拡大の防止が期待されます。
A recent polio outbreak in Syria, coupled with reports of polio virus found in Israeli sewers, is causing anxiety in Europe. As Syrians flee the chaos of civil war and seek refuge on the continent, German scientists warn that an epidemic could occur.
Not all of Europe is at risk; a few countries have been singled out as potential polio hotbeds. According to the new report published in The Lancet, Austria, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and the Ukraine all have insufficient “community immunity” from polio, and should be on high alert.
*****
The Lancet study highlights one reason polio is so dangerous. It’s an insidious disease, spreading quickly but often silently: Only one in every 200 infections shows any recognizable symptoms. In other words, hundreds of Europeans could be silent carriers of the virus. In fact, scientists say polio could be circulating in Europe for nearly a year before an outbreak is detected.
That’s troubling news for Europe, which has been officially polio-free since 2011. Compounding those worries is the fact that in February WHO reported wild poliovirus type 1 had spread to Israel. Soon after, Israeli authorities detected the virus in West Bank and Gaza Strip sewage systems. In August, Israel began a vaccination program for children under the age of 9, and no cases of paralytic polio have been reported there.
*****
As of November 6, public health officials have reported 328 cases of polio worldwide, compared with 181 cases confirmed at this date last year. Just 25 years ago, the disease was endemic in 125 countries and nearly 350,000 people, mainly children under the age of 5, were paralyzed each year due to polio. In 1988, the World Health Assembly, the decision-making body of WHO, established the goal of eradicating polio and since then, the number of polio cases dropped more than 99 percent, while the number of endemic countries dwindled to just three--Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan. When India was declared polio-free in 2012, many believed the end of polio was near. Its recent emergence in non-endemic countries suggests the hard work accomplished over a period of decades is in jeopardy, but not everyone is ringing alarm bells. “The Global Polio Eradication Initiative has dealt with countless outbreaks since [its] launching in 1988,” Dr. Walter Orenstein, associate director of the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, said in a letter to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. “As a result, the program is wiser and better equipped than ever to handle them, even under complicated and dangerous circumstances like those in Syria. Strategies…are already being implemented in Syria and will be aggressively pursued until the outbreak is stopped.”
Hi I want to thank you for a Bambi award. Bill and I are honored and we want to share this award with you. Our foundation is only a small part of the work. Without the support of Germany, the world would not have been able to make such amazing progress against the biggest health challenges like eradicating polio, ending extreme poverty, and making sure all women have the information contraceptives they need to plan their families. Thanks especially to those of you who signed up for the digital leaders group. With your partnership we have a real opportunity to make a difference in Germany. This is why the millennium Bambi award is yours.
Bill and I are honored and we want to share this award with you.
Without the support of Germany, the world would not have been able to make such amazing progress
With your partnership we have a real opportunity to make a difference
受賞者の視点からのスピーチをみましたが、次は今度は賞を授与する側の主催者の発表をみてみます。
BAMBI goes to Bill & Melinda Gates His visions define our world: As inventor and co-founder of Microsoft Bill Gates is one of the most successful businessmen of all times, a genius in the field of software development. He is the father of the PC but above all he and his wife, Melinda, are amongst the world’s greatest philanthropists. On November 14, 2013 Bill and Melinda will therefore be honored with the “Millennium” BAMBI.
Bill and Melinda Gates are role models with regards to generosity and philanthropy. They saw the entrepreneurial success and private assets achieved through the founding of Microsoft as a commitment to assume a certain responsibility in our society which prompted them to put the greater part of their fortune into the “Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation”. This Foundation is the largest worldwide and to this day has invested over 28 billion Dollars in aid projects in 100 countries around the world. Being role models for so many people Bill and Melinda Gates have managed to persuade over 100 international billionaires over the past years, to follow their example and join “The Giving Pledge” initiative that they brought into being. All of them have now pledged to donate at least half of their wealth to charities.
In the past twenty years the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has been fighting against extreme poverty and helped to improve lives and living conditions for people in third world countries. The substantial contributions that come from this Foundation have for example helped to reduce child mortality and polio cases. A combination of vaccines, malaria prevention, and improved healthcare for newborns helped reduce child mortality by more than 55 percent between 1990 and 2012. Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation the global effort to eradicate polio has cut the number of reported cases worldwide from 360,000 in 1988 to 223 in 2012. In the US, the Foundation is committed to ensuring that students have the opportunity to receive a high-quality education. For instance investing more than $1 billion in Washington State to ensure a quality education, reduce family homelessness, and support the most vulnerable families.
技術とイノベーションが世界をよりよいものにすることができるという信念は共感できます。世界に関する興味はなく、TOEICなど英語資格にしか興味がないという方は下記ゲイツのエッセイの書き出し部分は自分でも使えるようにするとよさそうです。I am a little obsessed with fertilizer. (…) It’s the kind of topic I have to remind myself not to talk about too much at cocktail parties, since most people don’t find it as interesting as I do.（笑）
I am a little obsessed with fertilizer. I mean I’m fascinated with its role, not with using it. I go to meetings where it’s a serious topic of conversation. I read books about its benefits and the problems with overusing it. It’s the kind of topic I have to remind myself not to talk about too much at cocktail parties, since most people don’t find it as interesting as I do.
But like anyone with a mild obsession, I think mine is entirely justified. Two out of every five people on Earth today owe their lives to the higher crop outputs that fertilizer has made possible. It helped fuel the Green Revolution, an explosion of agricultural productivity that lifted hundreds of millions of people around the world out of poverty.
These days I get to spend a lot of time trying to advance innovation that improves people’s lives in the same way that fertilizer did. Let me reiterate this: A full 40 percent of Earth’s population is alive today because, in 1909, a German chemist named Fritz Haber figured out how to make synthetic ammonia. Another example: Polio cases are down more than 99 percent in the past 25 years, not because the disease is going away on its own but because Albert Sabin and Jonas Salk invented polio vaccines and the world rolled out a massive effort to deliver them.
Thanks to inventions like these, life has steadily gotten better. It can be easy to conclude otherwise—as I write this essay, more than 100,000 people have died in a civil war in Syria, and big problems like climate change are bearing down on us with no simple solution in sight. But if you take the long view, by almost any measure of progress we are living in history’s greatest era. Wars are becoming less frequent. Life expectancy has more than doubled in the past century. More children than ever are going to primary school. The world is better than it has ever been.
WHO update on polio outbreak in Middle East WHO statement 13 November 2013 A comprehensive outbreak response continues to roll out across the Middle East following confirmation of the polio outbreak in Syria. Seven countries and territories are holding mass polio vaccination campaigns with further extensive campaigns planned for December targeting 22 million children. In a joint resolution all countries of the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region have declared polio eradication to be an emergency and called on Pakistan to urgently access and vaccinate all of its children to stem the international spread of its viruses. The countries also called for support in negotiating and establishing access to those children who are currently unreached with polio vaccination. WHO and UNICEF are committed to working with all organizations and agencies providing humanitarian assistance to Syrians affected by the conflict. This includes vaccinating all Syrian children no matter where they are, whether in government or contested areas, or indeed outside Syria. The first priorities are to resupply and reactivate the required health infrastructure, including redeploying health workers to deliver vaccine in worst-affected areas, and moving vaccine across conflict lines where necessary and possible. The government has committed to reach all children; information on which areas are not reached will guide corrective actions and planning for the next rounds. All parties are working to find solutions for conflict-affected areas. Dr. Jaouad Mahjour, Director of Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control at WHO’s Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, stressed the necessity of reaching all children inside Syria and in neighbouring countries. "WHO and UNICEF are coordinating the vaccination campaign with all concerned parties to make sure that all children are vaccinated no matter where they are located." Larger-scale outbreak response across the Syrian Arab Republic and neighboring countries will continue, to last for at least 6 to 8 months depending on the area and based on evolving epidemiology.
「ああ、よかった」と素朴に喜んでいたのですが今朝New York Review of Books最新号の以下の記事を読んだら事態はそんな単純でないことがわかりました。
この記事は定期購読者向け（Yutaは米国アマゾンからKindle版を購読）の記事なので詳細な紹介は差し控えますが、Economistの記事のタイトルがStill no hint of a compromiseとタイトルあったように、米国とロシア、サウジアラビアやカタールとイラン、トルコとアラブの代理戦争となり妥協の余地がないドロドロの状態なのが分かるものでした。
Over the last few weeks, the growing plight of Syria’s civilian population has drawn belated international attention to the country’s failing health system. In late October, in the eastern part of the country, the World Health Organization confirmed an outbreak of polio—a highly infectious, fast-spreading disease that poses a potential threat not just to Syria but to the entire region. At the same time, reports of malnutrition and disease in the besieged areas on the outskirts of Damascus and other embattled cities, where there are severe shortages of food and milk, have raised new fears of a spreading public health disaster. But these developments are hardly new, nor are they, as the international press has suggested, simply the unfortunate byproducts of an increasingly brutal war. They are connected to something far more sinister: a direct assault on the medical system by the Syrian government as a strategy of war.
The Assad regime has come to view doctors as dangerous, their ability to heal rebel fighters and civilians in rebel-held areas a weapon against the government. Over the past two and a half years, doctors, nurses, dentists, and pharmacists who provide treatment to civilians in contested areas have been arrested and detained; paramedics have been tortured and used as human shields, ambulances have been targeted by snipers and missiles; medical facilities have been destroyed; the pharmaceutical industry devastated. Directly and indirectly, the attacks have had a profound effect on tens of thousands of health professionals and millions of Syrian patients, let alone the more than 2 million refugees who have fled to neighboring countries.
The assault on the health system has become a weapon of mass destruction, transforming Syria into a country with diseases of poverty and war. The only appropriate international response to this tragedy is for the UN Security Council to insist that the Syrian government allow safe humanitarian access to the areas of the country most in need and respect medical neutrality for all medical care workers. In October, for the first time, the UN Security Council issued a presidential statement, with Russian support, that condemned attacks on medical care in Syria. In view of its close ties with the Assad regime, Russia should be pushed to insist that the Syrian government release detained doctors and healthcare workers, lift the siege that undermines medical care, and stop impeding the provision of aid impartially to all in need. Clear pressure from Putin may be the only way to convince Assad that his war strategy is turning his country into one of the world’s most underdeveloped nations.
“The Security Council also recalls that under international humanitarian law, the wounded and sick must receive, to the fullest extent practicable, and with the least possible delay, medical care and attention required by their condition and that medical and humanitarian personnel, facilities and transport must be respected and protected. To this end, the Council urges free passage to all areas for medical personnel and supplies, including surgical items and medicine.
ジェフリー・ユージェニデスの言葉You want a maximum density of language and you want to leave out everything but the essentials.に絡めた雑感です。まったくもって個人的な意見・願望ですのでご容赦を。
最近のTOEIC教材執筆者の方々は、自ら高得点を取得し、受験経験も豊富で、長年の指導経験も備えた方がたくさんいらっしゃいます。ただそのような方の教材を見て感じるのが、あまりにも内容を詰め込みすぎていることです。600点対策の本というのに、900点対策でもそこまでしなくていいのではないかと思ってしまうくらい内容盛りだくさんにしまっている本も少なくないように思えるのです。600点対策本の場合いかに削るか、初学者への学習負担も考えると、まさにyou want to leave out everything but the essentialsこそが重要ではないでしょうか。
We’ve owned this house for—what—twelve years now, I reckon. Bought it from an elderly couple, the De Rougemonts, whose aroma you can still detect around the place, in the master especially, and in the home office, where the old buzzard napped on summer days, and a little bit in the kitchen, still.
I remember going into people’s houses as a kid and thinking, Can’t they smell how they smell? Some houses were worse than others. The Pruitts next door had a greasy, chuck-wagon odor, tolerable enough. The Willots, who ran that fencing academy in their rec room, smelled like skunk cabbage. You could never mention the smells to your friends, because they were part of it, too. Was it hygiene? Or was it, you know, glandular, and the way each family smelled had to do with bodily functions deep inside their bodies? The whole thing sort of turned your stomach, the more you thought about it.
Now I live in an old house that probably smells funny to outsiders.
Or used to live. At the present time, I’m in my front yard, hiding out between the stucco wall and the traveller palms.
これに合わせてインタビュー記事がサイトにありました。時間をかけて作品を仕上げる部分のやり取りが印象的だったのでその部分をご紹介します。You want a maximum density of language and you want to leave out everything but the essentials.なんてかっこいいですね。
The last piece of yours we published in the magazine was an excerpt from your novel, “The Marriage Plot.” You’ve talked in the past about how long you spend working on your novels. Do you approach short stories in a similar way? What does the form offer you that a novel doesn’t?
It takes me forever to write short stories too! They’re even harder, in a way. I’m working on another story at the moment that has gone through so many iterations that years have passed without my figuring out how to tell it. By contrast, “Find the Bad Guy” got written in a fairly short period for me, about six or eight weeks. I don’t have any firm principles when it comes to writing stories. Sometimes I think that the trick of writing a good story is to compress a novel’s worth of material into a short space. Other times, I think it’s best to present a small passage of time that is somehow representative of an entire life or situation. To keep my short stories properly short, lately I’ve been conceiving of them as poems. Long poems, where stuff happens. You want a maximum density of language and you want to leave out everything but the essentials.
I’m happy to do it in gratitude for the help the Whiting Foundation has given so many writers, including myself. I don’t remember who made the speech and read the citations my year, as you probably won’t remember me. That’s O.K. Just remember what Doug Fister of the Detroit Tigers said: “Stay within yourself.” And, most of all, don’t forget Nadine Gordimer’s advice. Don’t censor yourself. Don’t go along with the crowd. Don’t be greedy. Don’t be cheap. Young as you are, play dead—so that your eyes will stay open.
FILM / REVIEWS ‘Gambit (Monet Game)’ BY GIOVANNI FAZIO NOV 7, 2013 ARTICLE HISTORY Director: Michael Hoffman Language: English “Gambit” is the sort of mildly engaging movie that’s tough to recommend on the big screen but perfectly acceptable for a night in. If you’re a fan of any of the stars — Colin Firth, Cameron Diaz, Alan Rickman — or a Coen Bros. completist (they wrote the script, Michael Hoffman directed), then this 1960s-styled caper-comedy about an art-forgery fraud should have some appeal. Not consistently funny, but there is one brilliant riff, worthy of Peter Sellers, where Firth loses his trousers in a swanky hotel.
個人的にピンと来たのが以下の表現です。
tough to recommend on the big screen but perfectly acceptable for a night in （映画館で見るのを勧めるには厳しいが、家で夜を過ごすにはぴったり）
If you’re a fan of any of the stars …, XXX should have some appeal. （…などのスターのいずれかのファンなら、XXXはきっと楽しめるだろう）
サイト検索すると以下のようなピッタリのものがありました。居心地よく家で夜を過ごすためのアドバイスはどれも共感できるものですが、Light candles and place them around the bath, play some soothing music and pour some of your favorite bubble bath into the water.なんてのはアメリカ的な感じですね。
1Get rid of any distractions. Sign off any chat rooms, turn off your mobile, and if you like, unplug your house phone! Close the curtains, and turn your heating on high or if it is hot where you live turn on a fan so you don't get uncomfortable.
2Take a bath. Light candles and place them around the bath, play some soothing music and pour some of your favorite bubble bath into the water. Grab a book or magazine and relax. Make Sure You Don't Fall Asleep!
3After your bath, rub some nice smelling body lotion onto your body, put your pj's on and scrape your hair back into a bun. Now isn't the time to care about what others think!
4Go downstairs with a couple of blankets and a pillow and snuggle up on the sofa. Make yourself a hot drink and have a plate of cookies nearby in case you get peckish!
5 Watch your all-time favorite movie or snuggle up with a good book. Whatever you do, just make sure you enjoy yourself, its your night off!
"60 Minutes" correspondent Lara Logan issued an on-air apology Sunday night for the now-discredited Oct. 27 report in which Dylan Davies, a security contractor, claimed to have been a witness to the Sept. 11, 2012, attack on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi. "We realized we had been misled and it was a mistake to include him in our report. For that, we are very sorry," Logan told viewers at the end of the broadcast. "The most important thing to every person at '60 Minutes' is the truth, and the truth is: we made a mistake." Logan's apology, which echoed remarks she had made Friday on "CBS This Morning," was an attempt to correct an error that has dogged "60 Minutes" and CBS News for more than two weeks now. But her apology offered little in the way of an explanation for the show's error, which has become a black mark for a program that has long prided itself on the depth and thoroughness of its reporting.
“We end our broadcast tonight with a correction,” Logan said this Sunday. She used Jones’s real name, Dylan Davies. After the broadcast, she said, “questions arose about whether his account was true when an incident report surfaced. It told a different story about what he did the night of the attack.” Davies, she said, “insisted the story he told us was not only accurate, it was the same story he told the F.B.I. when they interviewed him.” When “60 Minutes” learned on Thursday that, in fact, the F.B.I. report “was different from what he told us, we realized we had been misled, and it was a mistake to include him in our report. For that we are very sorry. The most important thing to every person at ‘60 Minutes’ is the truth. And the truth is, we made a mistake.”
This is an odd statement and an understatement. To say that the incident report “surfaced” and told “a different story” isn’t quite adequate: Karen DeYoung, of the Washington Post, obtained it, and it was apparently already among the papers turned over to Congress. The discrepancies extended to Davies’s location that night: he was not in the compound at all but, rather, in his “beach side villa.” (“We could not get anywhere near,” the report read.)
Ms. Logan, who said she spent about a year investigating the Benghazi attacks for “60 Minutes,” attributed the critical response to the report to the intense political warfare that has surrounded the episode. “We worked on this for a year. We killed ourselves not to allow politics into this report,” she said.
But fallout from the report is already the subject of further partisan sniping, with Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican of South Carolina, citing the CBS account as evidence that the Obama administration was withholding facts about the attack. He said it was a reason to stand by his pledge to block every potential presidential appointee until he gets more information.
Ms. Logan said “The Embassy House,” the book written under the Morgan Jones pseudonym, along with Damien Lewis, presents a version of events consistent with what was reported on the television program. “If you read the book, you would know he never had two stories. He only had one story,” Ms. Logan said.
The Brian Lehrer Show 60 Minutes' Benghazi Apology Tuesday, November 12, 2013 CBS News chief Jeff Fager has called the 60 Minutes report on Benghazi "as big a mistake as there has been" in the program's history. Media Matters for America Senior Fellow and author of Bloggers on the Bus: How the Internet Changed Politics and the Press (Free Press, 2009), Eric Boehlert, explains why, and describes what was missing from Lara Logan's apology over the weekend.
Hi, I'm Caroline Kennedy. Welcome to my home in New York City. こんにちは、キャロライン・ケネディです。ニューヨークのわが家にようこそ。
I'm deeply honored that President Obama has asked me to serve as the United States Ambassador to Japan. Growing up in a family dedicated to public service, I saw how people can come together to solve challenges through commitment, communication and cooperation. オバマ大統領から駐日米国大使への指名を受け、とても光栄に思います。公務に尽くす家庭に育った私は、真剣な取り組み、対話、協力を通じ、困難を解決しようと力を合わせる人々の姿を見てきました。
That's something I've tried to do in my own life as well. これは私の人生の目標でもあります。
As Ambassador, I look forward to fostering the deep friendship, strategic alliance and economic partnership between our countries. 大使として私は、日米の緊密な友好関係、戦略的同盟、経済的パートナーシップを発展させていきます。
I am fortunate to have studied Japanese history and culture and to have visited your beautiful country. 幸運にも私は、日本という美しい国の歴史と文化を学び、日本を訪問したこともあります。
When I was 20, I accompanied my uncle, Senator Edward Kennedy, on a trip to Hiroshima. It left me with a profound desire to work for a better, more peaceful world. A few years later my husband, Ed, and I returned to Nara and Kyoto on our honeymoon. 20歳のとき、叔父のエドワード・ケネディ上院議員と供に広島へ行きました。そしてそれをきっかけに、より良い平和な世界の実現に貢献したいと切に願うようになりました。その後、新婚旅行で夫のエドと共に奈良と京都を訪れました。
Since that time, I've seen firsthand how American and Japanese people are bound by common values. We share a commitment to freedom, human rights and the rule of law. My goal as Ambassador is to build on the proud traditions of mutual respect and close partnership. I look forward to learning more and to making new friends. それ以来、日米両国民が共通の価値観で結ばれているのを実際にこの目で見てきました。私たちは自由、人権、法の支配を守る決意を共有しています。大使としての私の目標は、長年培ってきた互いへの敬意と緊密な協力関係を強化することです。日本についての理解を深め、新しい友人をつくることを楽しみにしています。
As an author, educator and attorney, and as a mother, I've learned that we are all teachers and students in our own lives, and we can transform the world by helping one another. 作家、教育者、弁護士、そして母親として私が学んだのは、自分自身の人生では私たちは皆、教師であり、生徒でもあるということです。そして互いに助け合えば、私たちは世界を変えることができます。
Ed and I have tried to pass this on to our three children - Rose, Tatiana and Jack. エドと私は、このことを３人の子どもたち、ローズ、タチアナ、ジャックに伝えようとしてきました、
I am humbled by the opportunity to represent the United States to one of our greatest allies and closest friends. Together, our two countries have done much good for the world - and we can do so much more. 私は、米国の最も重要な同盟国であり最も緊密な友好国のひとつである日本で、米国を代表する貴重な機会に恵まれました。日米はこれまで力を合わせて、世界のために貢献してきました。これからも共に貢献していきましょう。
Thank you. Nihon de o-ai shimashou. ありがとうございました。日本でお会いしましょう。
