（オックスフォード・ネイティブ向け） tea party 1 A social gathering in the afternoon at which tea, cakes, and other light refreshments are served. MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES 2 (Tea Party) A US political party that emerged from a movement of conservatives protesting against the federal government in 2009. [in allusion to the Boston Tea Party]
tea ceremony An elaborate Japanese ritual of serving and drinking tea, as an expression of Zen Buddhist philosophy. MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES Tea, which was first imported from China around ad 800, only became a widespread beverage in the 15th century, partly through the Japanese court's adoption of the Buddhist tea ceremony. However, it is about as far from the memoirs of any geisha as the instant coffee will be from the beautiful ritual of the Japanese tea ceremony. And there are obviously easier and quicker ways of making a cup of tea than performing sado, the Japanese tea ceremony, with all its ritual and hours of quiet kneeling.
下記のYoutubeをアップした方は、tea ceremonyとあるが、茶道はa celebration of arts (craft, culinary, etc) and philosophy (particular Zen Buddhism)だと主張していますね。
It's often translated as "tea ceremony", but Chado, Chanoyu or the "Way of Tea", is neither a ceremony nor a ritual, but more a celebration of arts (craft, culinary, etc) and philosophy (particular Zen Buddhism).
Okakura’s theatrical practice of wearing only Japanese clothing in the West, counter to the Meiji practice of adopting Western formal attire, attracted much notice from an admiring press. Okakura once remarked that unless one's English was flawless—as his was— one should wear Western clothes in the West. An anecdote testifying to his dexterity with English is recorded from his New York sojourn in 1904. Okakura and his companions in their traditional Japanese dress were stopped by a wag in the street who asked: "What sort of 'nese are you people? Are you Chinese. or Japanese. or Javanese?" Okakura responded. " We are Japanese gentlemen. But what sort of ' key' are you? Are you a Yankee, or a donkey, or a monkey?
こういうのをdexterityとしていますね。
（ロングマン） dexterity 1 skill and speed in doing something with your hands: Computer games can improve children's manual dexterity. 2 skill in using words or your mind: his charm and verbal dexterity
以前このブログで岡倉天心のAwakening of Japanを紹介させていただいた時、現在の北朝鮮のような語り口を感じた自分がいました。今回、Great Waveという本を読んで、そのような印象はあながち的外れでもないと感じました。著者はあの本をpropagandaに過ぎないと評しています。
But such arguments remained little more than propaganda, an outsider's harangues without a strategy for infusion and infiltration. What Okakura lacked was something to give focus and force to his thinking. what his friend and admirer T. S. Eliot was to call an objective correlative.
This link of tea and national independence sets off a bell—a Liberty Bell — in Okakura’s mind. In a vivid cultural rhyme, he draws a direct connection between Boston Tea Party and the origins of the tea ceremony in Japan. “Colonial America,” he remarks, “resigned herself to oppression until human endurance gave way before the heavy duties laid on Tea. American independence dates from the throwing of tea-chests into Boston harbour.” As a performance of independence and resistance to foreign control, then, tea has a special and parallel meaning for the two young imperial powers. Japan and the United States. And, by extension, the "soft rustle of feminine hospitality" at Boston tea parties is intimately linked to the code of samurai.
The Book of Tea suggested to Boston audiences that aestheticism and militarism, beauty and war, might be creatively combined. (Even the flowers in the tea ceremony are impressed into battle: "Some flowers glory in death—certainly the Japanese cherry blossoms do, as they freely surrender themselves to the winds") Okakura closes his book with an account of the death of Rikyu, the seventeenth-century Buddhist monk who is regarded as the founder of the tea ceremony as we know it. As Okakura tells the story, the death of Rikyu evokes both the martyrdoms of Socrates and Jesus and the death of Lincoln in his sacrifice for national reconciliation. Unjustly accused of plotting against his patron, the great warlord HIdeyoshi, Rikyu performs one final tea ceremony which his disciples before ending his life.
確かにBoston Tea Partyの事件もありましたし、アメリカ人はBook of Teaをまた違った印象で読むのかもしれません。
"People will say that I was turned into a terrorist. Taught to hate my country. I love my country." “What if I told you I don’t think he did it? I don’t think Brody knew the bomb was in his car. He’s innocent”. "************ Carrie under the bus. She's unstable. But I'm on her side. I'll do anything."
埋め草として、米国版の予告編を。まったく同じですね。
このドラマの予告編は１年前に流されていたようです。下記の記事で丁寧に紹介してくれていますが、********の部分を含めたセリフはI won’t throw Carrie under the busと言っています。イディオム表現ですが、単語自体は中学レベルですよね。
Another trailer for the forthcoming third season of Homeland has today been unveiled. The new teaser opens with Nick Brody’s confession tape before giving glimpses at the hearings that were teased in the trailer that was released a few days back.
Three screens are seen, one of which contains Nick’s tape, another contains Carrie’s senate hearing and the last sees Saul at the hearing as well.
Nick says: “People will say that I have turned into a terrorist, taught to hate my country. I love my country!”
Carrie defends Nick at the hearing stating she doesn’t think he knew the bomb was in his car at the time.
throw … under the busを載せていない学習英和辞典の方が多い感じです。唯一取り上げている英英辞典のOxfordもアメリカ版のみでした。
（英辞郎） throw someone under the bus 〔仲間・友人のために〕（人）を犠牲にする、（人）を裏切る◆自分が利益を得るために、または悪意で、自分の近親者・仲間・友人などを犠牲にする、または裏切るという意味で用いられる。
（アメリカンオックスフォード） throw someone under the bus (informal) to blame someone unfairly or hurt them emotionally She really threw him under the bus by suggesting that he had stolen the information.
英語の勉強： They threw her under the bus. 誰か（通常階級が低い人）をスケープゴートにして、他の加害者（通常より高い階級の人）がうまく逃げ切れたときにいう。
（オックスフォード） throw someone under the bus informal , chiefly US Cause someone else to suffer in order to save oneself or gain personal advantage: the government is ready to throw rural voters under the bus
（中略） Now, from the South and West the Pequod was drawing nigh to Formosa and the Bashee Isles, between which lies one of the tropical outlets from the China waters into the Pacific. And so Starbuck found Ahab with a general chart of the oriental archipelagoes spread before him; and another separate one representing the long eastern coasts of the Japanese islands—Niphon, Matsmai, and Sikoke. With his snow-white new ivory leg braced against the screwed leg of his table, and with a long pruning-hook of a jack-knife in his hand, the wondrous old man, with his back to the gangway door, was wrinkling his brow, and tracing his old courses again.
この本の紹介はまた機会を改めてさせていただくとして、ちょっと残念だったのは、he Japanese islands—Niphon, Matsmai, and Sikokeというところで、Masmaiをメルヴィルの無知として片付けてしまっていることです。とても丹念に調査している本ですが、松前＝北海道という連想は外国人には難しいのかもしれません。こういう所は、ネイティブなら普通に連想できることが、外国人には難しい例となると思います。知識は馬鹿にされやすいですが、されど知識なんですよね。
(Melville was mistaken about the nonexistent island of "Matsmai." an emblem of American ignorance of Japan in 1850. but "Sikoke"' is Manjiro's island of Shikoku )
585 the Japanese islands—Niphon, Matsmai, and Sikoke The nomenclature is odd: the Japanese call the whole of Japan ‘Nippon’ or (‘Niphon’), though Ishmael appears to mean only the large central island, the seat of government; ‘Matsmai’ (or Matsumai, the old name for the city of Fukuyama on the straits) is Hokkaido, the large northern island; ‘Shikoke’, now Shikoku, is the smaller of the two southern islands, Japan at this time, of course, was still a ‘double-bolted land’. (p. 206, note)
ハワイ・小笠原・北海道を結んだ中がジャパングラウンド 川澄 このとき、「on the coast of Japan」という言葉を使っている。 アメリカの捕鯨船は、日本漁場と言って「towards Japan」とか「at Japan」、「on the Japan grounds」など、さまざまな表現を使うんです。 これは日本沖と訳しがちですが、最初のうちは日本が見えるところじゃなくて、日本とハワイの中間地点ぐらいなんですね。
今年の５月にはGoogle Doodleにもなったレイチェルカーソンですが、『レイチェル・カーソン いまに生きる言葉』という本を読んで以下のような彼女の言葉を知りました。The Edge of the Sea（海辺）の序文です。ことあるごとに、単なる文法好き、ボキャブラリー好きへの反感を書いてしまい申し訳なく思っていますが、嫌悪感への元にあるのは下記のカーソンの言葉につきると思います。
To understand the shore, it is not enough to catalog its life. Understanding comes only when, standing on a beach, we can sense the long rhythms of earth and sea that sculptured its land-forms and produced the rock and sand of which it is composed; when we can sense with the eye and ear of the mind the surge of life beating always at its shores – blindly, inexorably pressing for a foothold. To understand the life of the shore, it is not enough to pick up an empty shell and say “This is a murex,” or “That is an angel wing.” True understanding demands intuitive comprehension of the whole life of creature that once inhabited this empty shell: how it survived amid surf and storms, what were it enemies, how it found food and reproduced its kind, what were its relations to the particular sea world in which it lived.
Dear Dorothy, This is a postscript to our morning at Newagen, something I think I can write better than say. For me it was one of the loveliest of the summer's hours, and all the details will remain in my memory: that blue September sky, the sounds of wind in the spruces and surf on the rocks, the gulls busy with their foraging, alighting with deliberate grace....
But most of all I shall remember the Monarch butterflies, that unhurried drift of one small winged form after another, each drawn by some invisible force. We talked a little about their life history. Did they return? We thought not; for most, at least, this was the closing journey of their lives.
But if occurred to me this afternoon, remembering, that it has been a happy spectacle, that we had felt no sadness when we spoke of the fact that there would be no return. And rightly - for when any living thing has come to the end of its cycle we accept that end as natural.
For the Monarch butterfly, that cycle is measured in a known span of months. For ourselves, the measure is something else, the span of which we cannot know. But the thought is the same: when that intangible cycle has run its course it is a natural and not unhappy things that a life comes to its end.
That is what those brightly fluttering bits of life taught me this morning. I found a deep happiness in it - so, I hope, may you. Thank you for this morning.
Founder: Elon Musk (CEO) Date launched: 2002 Funding: $245.5 million Industries disrupted: Aerospace and Defense, Transportation Disrupting: Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Orbital Sciences Competitors: Andrews Space, Blue Origin, SSL
No one can ever accuse Elon Musk of thinking small. As co-founder and CEO of Tesla Motors, he reinvented the idea of the electric car and took the company public in 2010. Now, as founder and CEO of SpaceX, Musk's company designs, manufactures and launches advanced rockets and spacecraft, with the ultimate goal of enabling people to live on other planets.
SpaceX's founding and continued success comes at a time when private companies are entering the space market, an endeavor long associated with—and controlled by—the government. The 3,000-employee company is flying cargo resupply missions to the International Space Station under a $1.6 billion contract with NASA. Its Dragon spacecraft was designed with the intention of carrying astronauts, and now, under a $440 million agreement with NASA, SpaceX is making modifications to make the Dragon crew-ready.
The company is also delivering satellites into space for commercial customers and has booked more than 50 additional cargo and satellite flights for paying customers through 2017. Musk's plans for the future are even grander. The company is in the midst of developing the Falcon Heavy, the world's most powerful rocket, according to the company. The hope: to someday take astronauts and other humans to a colony on Mars.
How did you come up with your big idea? "We should be on a path to creating a self-sustaining civilization on Mars. … It will ensure the continued existence of humanity and life as we know it if there is a calamity on Earth, and it will be the greatest adventure in history." -Elon Musk, founder and CEO
$12.9bn NET WORTH LAST YEAR'S RANK 5 AGE 43 COLLEGE University of Pennsylvania POSTGRADUATE Stanford University * MARRIED No * ASTROLOGICAL SIGN Cancer * Did not graduate * It’s complicated: at last report, Musk has been living with his second wife, Talulah Riley, though they divorced in 2012.
STAGE OF GLOBAL CONQUEST: Musk’s ability to combine staggering ambition with a do-gooder sense of purpose has made him revered among his peers. “You know, if I were to get hit by a bus today,” Google C.E.O. Larry Page purportedly once said, “I should leave all of it to Elon Musk.” The sentiment, which Page reiterated in an interview in March, encapsulates Musk’s role as Silicon Valley’s patron saint and perennial coolest kid in class. Tesla, his electric-car venture, makes the ultimate environmentalist status symbol and was also the best-performing stock of 2013. The company is now working on a mass-market car, the Model 3, that many think could turn Musk into the first great American auto baron in almost a century. SpaceX, his fast-growing rocket company, has successfully completed four commercial satellite launches and promises to one day take humans to Mars. As if that weren't enough, Musk’s green-energy side project, SolarCity, is expanding rapidly, with operations in 15 states and a stock price that has increased more than eightfold since its I.P.O., at the end of 2012.
GRAND GESTURE: In June, Musk wowed observers by announcing that he would share all of Tesla’s patents with any company that wants to develop electric cars, in an attempt to get more of them on the road and slow the pace of climate change. “I don’t think people quite appreciate the gravity of what is going on,” Musk said. “We really need to do something.”
（オックスフォード） disrupter (also disruptor) NOUN MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES And the marchers need their own monitors to practice nonviolent discipline and contain any disruptors - who are, de facto, not misguided friends but opponents. Some business is better conducted, some plans better made, when there's no worry about journalists, disruptors, or even potential new recruits. The United States has also tinkered with dazzlers of its own, though its focus is apparently more on short-range disruptors that can be attached to rifles.
先ほどのGMのCEOの動画ではWhat’s the biggest takeaway, the biggest lesson learned through all of this?とtakeawayがlesson learnedと同じような意味で使われていました。この意味では、オックスフォードやロングマンの学習英英辞典では掲載されていませんでした。従って、ジーニアスもウィズダムにも見出しが立っていませんでした。そこそこ使われる語だと思いますが、要チェックというほどではないです。英辞郎になかったのがショックだったのでタイトルは煽り気味に書いてしまいました（汗）TOEICでは今のところ使われていないと思います。
It's hard to believe but it's only been nine months since you’ve in this job. What a nine months! I just wonder broadly. What’s the biggest takeaway, the biggest lesson learned through all of this? - I think the way we, I don’t know if it’s a lesson learned, the way we’ve approached is that we are going to do the right thing even if it’s hard. We are going to be focused on the customer. I think you’ve seen the transparency from the company that will continue to have.
ケンブリッジやマクミランはしっかりと載せています。
（ケンブリッジ） takeaway [C or U] something that you get or learn from an experience, activity, etc.: the takeaway from sth What's the key takeaway from this survey?
（マクミラン） takeaway an important piece of information to remember from a meeting, presentation etc This could be the most important takeaway from today's Fed announcement.
（オックスフォード） takeaway A key fact, point, or idea to be remembered, typically one emerging from a discussion or meeting: the main takeaway for me is that we need to continue to communicate all the things we’re doing for our customers [AS MODIFIER]: the takeaway message
MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES • The important takeaway point is that SEO isn't something that can just be tweaked under the hood. • The other big takeaway from the book was that life insurance is another industry that only commanded high prices by hiding information. • I'll write more detailed notes later, but here are some quick takeaways.
1. There Was A "Pattern Of Incompetence And Neglect" But No Conspiracy 2. 15 People Removed From Their Positions, Five People Disciplined 3. There Will Be "Compensation" For Victims
このブログでDiversityを取り上げてきた関連もあり、今週のEconomistのWhy CEOs are pale, tall and maleという記事に目がいきました。pale/tall/maleと韻を踏んでキャッチーにしていますが、白人で背の高い男性がCEOの大半を占めている現状を指摘しているものです。
The big difference between gorillas and humans is, of course, that human society changes rapidly. The past few decades have seen a striking change in the distribution of power—between men and women, the West and the emerging world and geeks and non-geeks. Women run some of America’s largest firms, such as General Motors (Mary Barra) and IBM (Virginia Rometty). More than half of the world’s biggest 2,500 public companies have their headquarters outside the West. Geeks barely out of short trousers run some of the world’s most dynamic businesses. Peter Thiel, one of Silicon Valley’s leading investors, has introduced a blanket rule: never invest in a CEO who wears a suit.
Yet it is remarkable, in this supposed age of diversity, how many bosses still conform to the stereotype. First, they are tall: in research for his 2005 book, “Blink”, Malcolm Gladwell found that 30% of CEOs of Fortune 500 companies are 6 feet 2 inches or taller, compared with 3.9% of the American population.
given a plethora of candidates, all with perfect CVs, selection committees continue to look for the “X” factor and find, strangely enough, that it resides in people who look remarkably like themselves.と同じ実力の候補者なら、自分たちと見かけが同じ人を選んでしまうだろうとしています。
Posing for power Can anything be done about this predisposition for promoting people of a certain type? Ideally, those selecting a new boss would conscientiously set aside all the stereotypes, and judge candidates purely on their merits. However, given a plethora of candidates, all with perfect CVs, selection committees continue to look for the “X” factor and find, strangely enough, that it resides in people who look remarkably like themselves. Another solution is to introduce quotas for CEOs and board members. But the risk is that this ends in tokenism rather than a genuine equalising of opportunity. So, some management experts suggest we just accept that stereotypes and prejudices cannot be wished away, and simply help those born outside the magic genetic circle project a sense of power and self-confidence.
Ms Cuddy gave a talk on “power poses” to the 2012 TED Global conference which has since become TED’s second most downloaded talk. In her recent book, “Executive Presence”, Sylvia Anne Hewlett of the Centre for Talent Innovation in New York urges young women to lower the register of their voices, as Margaret Thatcher did, eliminate uptalking and other vocal tics, and look people in the eye when giving presentations. She advises every would-be manager to work out regularly and look as fit as possible. This may sound like a bit of a cop-out. But the evidence is strong that candidates for top jobs can still be undermined by superficial things like posture and tone of voice. More than a century ago, Oscar Wilde quipped: “It is only shallow people who do not judge by appearances.” Unfortunately those who choose leaders still seem to think this way.
最後までthe evidence is strong that candidates for top jobs can still be undermined by superficial things like posture and tone of voice.と「見かけ」の重要性を伝えていますが、まあ、だからこそDiversityのような考えが必要なのかもしれませんが。。。
多少強引なところがあるかもしれませんが、流行をシニカルに見るのがEconomistだとすれば、素直に特集を組むのがTimeかもしれません。Women run some of America’s largest firms, such as General Motors (Mary Barra) and IBM (Virginia Rometty).とEconomistでも紹介されていたGMのMary Barraさんが今週のカバーストーリーです。といってもTIMEの特集は女性CEOというよりも、GM再建がメイントピックのようですが。。。
An engineer at heart, she’s stylish but practical. At one point, I compliment her on her killer black suede heels. “Manolos?” I ask. “Yeah, I have a shoe thing,” she says, wrinkling her nose with a bit of guilt. “And they are really comfortable!” Later, when a Time reporter tries to verify Barra’s shoe brand, GM tells us that “Mary is a very private person and has requested that you don’t name the brand of her shoes.” Perhaps she’s concerned that we’ll emphasize her style over her substance, but I’ve asked plenty of male CEOs sartorial questions. How much they care (or not) can be quite telling.
It soon becomes clear that she is, like many working women, an expert in balancing the public and the private. She shifts gears effortlessly in one meeting from an analysis of the switch crisis to the geopolitics of China to a refreshingly candid discussion of work-life balance. “Any company will take 24/7 from you and not even feel bad,” she says. “You’ve just got to keep balancing, learning and adjusting, and kind of not sweat it.” I soon realize this is part of what explains her phenomenal popularity inside the company; she isn’t “leaning in” or sitting for Vogue spreads or using her position as the world’s highest-profile female CEO to make any particular statement. She’s just running a 219,000-person company that brings in $150 billion in revenue annually with more emotional intelligence and better communication skills than many of the men who came before her.
ここでshe isn’t “leaning in” or sitting for Vogue spreads or using her position as the world’s highest-profile female CEO to make any particular statementという表現があります。こういうのも辞書や構文だけでは読み取れない部分ですね。”leaning in”はFacebookのサンドバーグCOOを、sitting for Vogue spreadsは昨年Vogue9月号でグラビアデビューしたYahooのマリッさマイヤーを暗示しているのでしょう。using her position as the world’s highest-profile female CEO to make any particular statementは、例えばDiversityの時に取り上げたXeroxのCEOアーシュラ・バーンズあたりが当てはまりそうです。こういうのがあるから、浅く広く、または、日本の新聞の国際面でもいいので、触れているようにしないと英文メディアは読めるようにならないんですよね。
America and Islamic State Mission relaunched The fight against Islamic State will help define America’s role in the world Sep 27th 2014 | From the print edition
Its rise has also reflected American policy. First, the poorly thought-out intervention of George W. Bush, typified by the rash “Mission Accomplished” banner that greeted him on the USS Abraham Lincoln in May 2003 after his invasion of Iraq. Then Mr Obama’s studious inaction. When Syrians rose up against the regime of Bashar Assad, the president stood back in the hope that things would sort themselves out—leaving Mr Assad free to commit atrocities against his own people. Even when Mr Assad crossed “the red line” of using chemical weapons, the superpower did not punish him. About 200,000 Syrians have died and 10m have been driven from their homes. Denied early American support, the moderate Syrian opposition has fragmented, leaving the field to the ruthless and well-organised IS.
the poorly thought-out intervention of George W. Bush, typified by the rash “Mission Accomplished” banner that greeted him on the USS Abraham Lincoln in May 2003 after his invasion of Iraq.と失敗例のイメージを今回に結びつけているのは、皮肉な態度をとりやすいEconomistらしいのかもしれません。
The bigger question is whether Mr Obama can carry off delicate diplomacy. The lesson from Iraq and Afghanistan is that firepower alone will not prevail. Indeed, if America comes to be seen by Sunni Arabs as nothing more than a Shia air force, strikes will only bind IS to the local people.
If he is to win the argument in Iraq and Syria, Mr Obama needs coalitions and partnerships. For that he must get the diplomacy right. So far he has done well. He insisted on the replacement of Nuri al-Maliki, the Shia-chauvinist former prime minister of Iraq, with Haider al-Abadi, who is making efforts to bring Sunnis into government. He sent John Kerry, his secretary of state, to recruit regional Sunni powers such as Saudi Arabia and Jordan, to try to persuade Sunnis in Iraq and Syria that he is not taking sides against their branch of Islam. America has argued to the United Nations that its intervention—requested by Iraq but not Syria—is legal under Article 51 of the UN’s charter. Ban Ki-moon, the UN secretary-general, appears to have accepted that argument; so should Britain’s Parliament, which will vote on whether to help America.
When Friends Debuted 20 Years Ago, People Gave It a D+ Early reviews for one of the best-loved sitcoms of the '90s called the show's stars not just "sexy" and "urbane," but also "dysfunctional morons." MEGAN GARBER SEP 22 2014, 2:25 PM ET
There was a time when the phrases "how YOU doin'," "could I BE more excited?" and "we were on a break!" didn't make people laugh. There was a time when the unemployed twenty-somethings making their way in New York City lived in terrible apartments in Queens. There was a time when Rachel was not a haircut, when smelly cats weren't the subjects of troubadourian ballads, when friends who happened to live near each other were not also, in their way, a family.
That time was, pretty much, the entirety of human history that came before September 22, 1994—the day Friends debuted as part of NBC's Thursday-night lineup. The show would go on not only to average more than 20 million viewers (25 million as of its eighth season), but also to reach a kind of cultural ubiquity in the form of catch-phrases, quizzes, reaction gifs, and many, many knock-offs. Between TBS and Nick at Nite, Slate's Willa Paskin points out, the show "is currently rerun eight times a day."
It wasn't clear from the beginning, though, that Friends would become such a success. While many of the critics who reviewed the show liked it, there were also some who found Central Perk to be decidedly unperky. One resented the show's "rimshot writing." Another, the characters' promiscuity. Another called the friends themselves "dysfunctional morons."
記事ではいろいろな媒体のレビューがありますが、D+のPeopleとTimeのレビューが以下です。
People The scripts are filled with pop references—e.g., gags about David Hasselhoff, Shari Lewis and Mentos mints. A game cast delivers the barrage of banter with an arch coyness that suggests they think they're in some Gen X Neil Simon play. The show's saving grace is that as the weeks go by, the characters begin to grow on you. That has more to do with the actors' animation than it does with the rimshot writing. NBC (Thursdays, 9:30 p.m. ET) D+
*******
Time Life on Seinfeld may be laid back, but its characters always seem to have someplace to go. In Friends the crowd is always around to share their latest personal woes or offer a shoulder to cry on. But who would want advice from these dysfunctional morons, with their obsessive pop-culture references?
オックスフォードの英英辞典でもこのドラマが見出し語になっています。しかもジョーイのHow you doin’?も紹介しています（笑）
（オックスフォード） Friends a popular US television comedy series (1994–2004) about six close friends in New York. The characters are Monica, Rachel, Phoebe, Chandler, Ross and Joey. The stories are about the joys and problems of love, work and friendships. How you doin’? Joey in Friends
There was a time when the phrases "how YOU doin'," "could I BE more excited?" and "we were on a break!" didn't make people laugh.という冒頭の文がピンとこなかった方のために。フレンズファンは"how YOU doin'"とあればジョーイの顔が、"could I BE more …?”とあればチャンドラーの顔が浮かぶことでしょう。
（アマゾンでの紹介文） Following his blockbuster biography of Steve Jobs, The Innovators is Walter Isaacson’s biographical story of the pioneers of the computer and the Internet. It is destined to be the standard history of the digital revolution and a guide to how innovation really works.
What were the talents that allowed certain inventors and entrepreneurs to turn their visionary ideas into disruptive realities? What led to their creative leaps? Why did some succeed and others fail?
In his masterly saga, Isaacson begins with Ada Lovelace, Lord Byron’s daughter, who pioneered computer programming in the 1840s. He explores the fascinating personalities that created our current digital revolution, such as Vannevar Bush, Alan Turing, John von Neumann, J.C.R. Licklider, Doug Engelbart, Robert Noyce, Bill Gates, Steve Wozniak, Steve Jobs, Tim Berners-Lee, and Larry Page.
This is the story of how their minds worked and what made them so inventive. It’s also a narrative of how their ability to collaborate and master the art of teamwork made them even more creative.
For an era that seeks to foster innovation, creativity, and teamwork, The Innovators shows how they happen.
雑誌Vanity Fairの最新号に関連記事が載っていました。イノベーションの歴史から5つの教訓を引き出しています。 THE NEW ESTABLISHMENT October 2014 5 Easy Theses There’s so much talk about innovation these days that it’s become a buzzword, drained of clear meaning. So when writing a book about the Digital Revolution, I decided to focus on some specific examples of how innovation actually happened in the real world. How did the most imaginative innovators of our time turn ideas into realities? Why did some succeed and others fail? Here are five of the lessons. By Walter Isaacson
1 Connect art and science. 2 Creativity comes from collaboration. 3 Collaboration works best in person. 4 Vision without execution is hallucination. 5 Man is a social animal.
動画でも話しているAda Lovelaceが最初のレッスンConnect art and scienceに登場しています。この当たりはAppleがやろうとしていることでもありますね。
1 Connect art and science. “I always thought of myself as a humanities person as a kid, but I liked electronics,” Steve Jobs told me when I embarked on his biography. “Then I read something . . . about the importance of people who could stand at the intersection of humanities and sciences, and I decided that’s what I wanted to do.” It made him the most successful innovator of our time.
The patron saint of this art-technology intersection was Ada King, Countess of Lovelace. Her father was the poet Lord Byron, her mother an amateur mathematician, and Ada combined both enterprises in what she dubbed “poetical science.” She became friends in the 1830s with Charles Babbage, who was devising a calculating machine called the Analytical Engine. On a tour of the British Midlands, Ada saw mechanical looms that used punched cards to produce beautiful patterns. Her father, a Luddite, had defended the followers of Ned Ludd, who were smashing these looms because they put weavers out of work. But Ada loved this wondrous combination of art and technology, which would one day be manifest in computers.
She laid out the principles of what would become, a century later, the computer age. The first was that machines would process not just numbers but anything that could be notated in symbols, such as words or music or pictures. “The Analytical Engine weaves algebraical patterns just as the loom weaves flowers and leaves,” she wrote. But she added the caveat that no matter how versatile machines became, they still would not be able to think. “The Analytical Engine has no pretensions whatever to originate anything,” she wrote. In other words, in the combining of arts and technology, the role of humans would be to supply creativity and imagination.
DISRUPTERS 1 ELON MUSK TESLA MOTORS, SPACEX 2 LARRY PAGE AND SERGEY BRIN GOOGLE 3 TIM COOK AND JONATHAN IVE APPLE 4 JEFF BEZOS AMAZON 5 MARK ZUCKERBERG FACEBOOK
ちなみにソフトバンクの孫社長が28位にランクインしていて、has a Steve Jobs–like reputation in his native Japanと紹介されています。ランクインは今年が初めてのようで、Sprint買収で米国進出を果たしたので注目され始めたのでしょうか。
MASAYOSHI SON SOFTBANK
$17.7bn NET WORTH LAST YEAR'S RANK New AGE 57 COLLEGE UC Berkeley MARRIED Yes ASTROLOGICAL SIGN Leo
STAGE OF GLOBAL CONQUEST: After acquiring control of Sprint last year for $21.6 billion, Son, who has a Steve Jobs–like reputation in his native Japan, attempted to merge the struggling company with newly resurgent T-Mobile, but in August he was forced to abandon the deal in the face of opposition from anti-trust regulators. Son hired a new C.E.O., whom he described as “a street fighter,” and vowed to aggressively cut prices to compete with AT&T and Verizon.
DUBIOUS CLAIM TO FAME: Largest financial loss in history. Some $85 billion disappeared from his net worth in the wake of the dot-com crash. He’s since earned a good bit of that back, thanks largely to Alibaba. SoftBank’s $20 million investment in the Chinese Internet giant is now worth an estimated $58 billion.
CUPERTINO, Calif. — Apple may well be the only tech company on the planet that would dare compare itself to Picasso.
In a class at the company’s internal training program, the so-called Apple University, the instructor likened the 11 lithographs that make up Picasso’s “The Bull” to the way Apple builds its smartphones and other devices. The idea: Apple designers strive for simplicity just as Picasso eliminated details to create a great work of art.
Steven P. Jobs established Apple University as a way to inculcate employees into Apple’s business culture and educate them about its history, particularly as the company grew and the tech business changed. Courses are not required, only recommended, but getting new employees to enroll is rarely a problem.
In order to institutionalize the lessons that he and his team were learning, Jobs started an in-house center called Apple University. He hired Joel Podolny, who was dean of the Yale School of Management, to compile a series of case studies analyzing important decisions the company had made, including the switch to the Intel microprocessor and the decision to open the Apple Stores. Top executives spent time teaching the cases to new employees, so that the Apple style of decision making would be embedded in the culture. This is one of the most emotionally intelligent things Jobs did, if you just read his actions in the book and know nothing else. Love the style or hate it – teaching it to the company reinforces a strong and consistent culture.
この記事で一番印象的なのは、ピカソの牛の絵の習作です（ピカソの絵はリンク先でご確認ください）。余分なものを削ぎ落とし最後は一筆書きのようになっても牛と認識できます。英語ではa curvy stick figure that is still unmistakably a bullと表現されています。これが、the drive to boil down an idea to its most essential componentsというアップルのデザインにもつながるというのです。興味深いのはこのトピックは“Communicating at Apple”という講座で教えられているようです。
Randy Nelson, who came from the animation studio Pixar, co-founded by Mr. Jobs, is one of the teachers of “Communicating at Apple.” This course, open to various levels of employees, focuses on clear communication, not just for making products intuitive, but also for sharing ideas with peers and marketing products.
In a version of the class taught last year, Mr. Nelson showed a slide of “The Bull,” a series of 11 lithographs of a bull that Picasso created over about a month, starting in late 1945. In the early stages, the bull has a snout, shoulder shanks and hooves, but over the iterations, those details vanish. The last image is a curvy stick figure that is still unmistakably a bull.
“You go through more iterations until you can simply deliver your message in a very concise way, and that is true to the Apple brand and everything we do,” recalled one person who took the course.
この記事では他にもいろいろな講座があるようですが、Jobsの有名な言葉に絡めた“The Best Things”というものもあるようです。
“The Best Things,” another course, takes its name from a quotation by Mr. Jobs. Its purpose is to remind employees to surround themselves with the best things, like talented peers and high-quality materials, so that they can do their best work.
It comes down to trying to expose yourself to the best things that humans have done and then try to bring those things in to what you're doing. I mean Picasso had a saying he said good artists copy great artists steal. And we have always been shameless about stealing great ideas. Ehm and I think part of what made the Macintosh great was that the people working on it were musicians and poets and artists and zoologists and historians who also happened to be the best computer scientists in the world.
During a recent interview with Apple executives Bud Tribble, Phil Schiller, and Craig Federighi, I asked about Jobs' statement and the seeming contradiction between suing competitors and being shameless about stealing ideas.
"I think that's been misunderstood. Copying means -- I believe this is what he meant when he said it because we talked about it back then -- doing the same thing," said Schiller, senior vice president of worldwide marketing. "I think what he meant by 'steal' was you learn, as artists have, from past masters; you figure out what you like about it and what you want to incorporate into your idea, and you take it further and do something new with it. I can see why people might confuse that with the current use people have for that phrase. You don't just say, 'I want something that looks just like yours and I'm going to sell it too.'
"Great people actually understand at a deeper level what makes something great and then build on the shoulders of that and build something even more marvelous and take it further," he added. "I think that's the case. We all learn from everything in our industry. It doesn't matter what field you are in, but copying is literally just taking and doing the same thing."
"I think people focus on the Picasso statement and focus on the word 'steal,'" said Bud Tribble, Apple's vice president of software technology and leader of the Macintosh software team during its infancy. "If you take that word, which is kind of pejorative, and replace it with 'make it your own,' I think the underlying idea is that you can't do great design by copying something because you aren't going to care about it. If you take something and make it your own, what really happens is now you care about that design. It's your design and that is the dividing line between copying and stealing. That is part of Apple's DNA. The things we are building and creating, we really care about. We feel like they are ours, and we are making them as great as we can because we care."
アメリカだとClimate Changeは社会主義だとか、共産主義だとかいう反応が保守からは起こるようですね。動画の最初の部分を見るだけでも実感します。経済寄りであるWSJも環境問題には慎重な態度をとっているようです。Steven E. Koonin氏はオバマ第一期政権でエネルギー省の科学担当次官を務めた人のようです。
The idea that "Climate science is settled" runs through today's popular and policy discussions. Unfortunately, that claim is misguided. It has not only distorted our public and policy debates on issues related to energy, greenhouse-gas emissions and the environment. But it also has inhibited the scientific and policy discussions that we need to have about our climate future.
Climate Changeや人類の環境への負荷の有無を問題にしているのではなく、"How will the climate change over the next century under both natural and human influences?"という問いに科学界は答えることができていないから政策立案するのは時期尚早ではないかというのがこの方の懸念のようです。
The crucial scientific question for policy isn't whether the climate is changing. That is a settled matter: The climate has always changed and always will. Geological and historical records show the occurrence of major climate shifts, sometimes over only a few decades. We know, for instance, that during the 20th century the Earth's global average surface temperature rose 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit.
Nor is the crucial question whether humans are influencing the climate. That is no hoax: There is little doubt in the scientific community that continually growing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, due largely to carbon-dioxide emissions from the conventional use of fossil fuels, are influencing the climate. There is also little doubt that the carbon dioxide will persist in the atmosphere for several centuries. The impact today of human activity appears to be comparable to the intrinsic, natural variability of the climate system itself.
Rather, the crucial, unsettled scientific question for policy is, "How will the climate change over the next century under both natural and human influences?" Answers to that question at the global and regional levels, as well as to equally complex questions of how ecosystems and human activities will be affected, should inform our choices about energy and infrastructure.
Society's choices in the years ahead will necessarily be based on uncertain knowledge of future climates. That uncertainty need not be an excuse for inaction. There is well-justified prudence in accelerating the development of low-emissions technologies and in cost-effective energy-efficiency measures. But climate strategies beyond such "no regrets" efforts carry costs, risks and questions of effectiveness, so nonscientific factors inevitably enter the decision. These include our tolerance for risk and the priorities that we assign to economic development, poverty reduction, environmental quality, and intergenerational and geographical equity.
ナオミクラインのThis Changes Everythingを読み始めていますが、米国のリベラル向け雑誌NationにConclusionを抜粋したものが掲載されていました。Editor’s Note: This article is adapted from This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate, by Naomi Klein (Simon & Schuster).と注意書きがあります。
Climate Change Is a People’s Shock What if, instead of accepting a future of climate catastrophe and private profits, we decide to change everything? Naomi Klein September 16, 2014
Recent years have been filled with moments when societies suddenly decide they have had enough, defying all of the experts and forecasters—from the Arab Spring (tragedies, betrayals and all), to Europe’s “squares movement” that saw city centers taken over by demonstrators for months, to Occupy Wall Street, to the student movements of Chile and Quebec. The Mexican journalist Luis Hernández Navarro describes these rare political moments that seem to melt cynicism on contact as the “effervescence of rebellion.”
What is most striking about these upwellings, when societies become consumed with the demand for transformational change, is that they so often come as a surprise—most of all to the movements’ own organizers. I’ve heard the story many times: “One day it was just me and my friends dreaming up impossible schemes; the next day the entire country seemed to be out in the plaza alongside us.” And the real surprise, for all involved, is that we are so much more than we have been told we are; that we long for more and—in that longing—have more company than we ever imagined.
No one knows when the next such effervescent moment will open, or whether it will be precipitated by an economic crisis, another natural disaster or some kind of political scandal. We do know that a warming world will, sadly, provide no shortage of potential sparks. Sivan Kartha, senior scientist at the Stockholm Environment Institute, puts it like this: “What’s politically realistic today may have very little to do with what’s politically realistic after another few Hurricane Katrinas and another few Superstorm Sandys and another few Typhoon Bophas hit us.” It’s true: the world tends to look a little different when the objects we have worked our whole lives to accumulate are suddenly floating down the street, smashed to pieces, turned to garbage.
Cook’s professional background is in managing supply chains, not changing the character of sprawling, complicated, ego-filled organizations. Yet three years later, veteran Apple executives repeatedly and emphatically say they want the new boss to get credit for pulling off one of the more improbable high wire acts in business history. “I feel damn proud to be working as a part of Tim’s team,” says Eddy Cue, senior vice president for Internet software and services. “If he gets a little bit of recognition from the outside world, that is great. He deserves a lot more than he is going to get.”
With an Apple Watch wrapped around his hand brass-knuckle style, Ive reveals that the project was conceived in his lab three years ago, shortly after Jobs’s death and before “wearables” became a buzzword in Silicon Valley. “It’s probably one of the most difficult projects I have ever worked on,” he says. There are numerous reasons for this—the complexity of the engineering, the need for new physical interactions between the watch and the human body—but the one most pertinent to Ive is that the Apple Watch is the first Apple product that looks more like the past than the future. The company invited a series of watch historians to Cupertino to speak, including French author Dominique Fléchon, an expert in antique timepieces. Fléchon says only that the “discussion included the philosophy of instruments for measuring time” and notes that the Apple Watch may not be as timeless as some classic Swiss watches: “The evolution of the technologies will render very quickly the Apple Watch obsolete,” he says. Ive, 47, immersed himself in horological history. Clocks first popped up on top of towers in the center of towns and over time were gradually miniaturized, appearing on belt buckles, as neck pendants, and inside trouser pockets. They eventually migrated to the wrist, first as a way for ship captains to tell time while keeping their hands firmly locked on the wheel. “What was interesting is that it took centuries to find the wrist and then it didn’t go anywhere else,” Ive says. “I would argue the wrist is the right place for the technology.”
Tim CookはJobs’s logical, icy sidekickでスタートレックのthe Spock to his Kirkみたいに思われているが、そんなことはないとこの記事ではCookを好意的に取り上げています。SpockとKirkという例えがいきなり使われているところを見るとスタートレックってやはりメジャーなものなんですね。
A decade ago, when he first became a public figure, Cook, now 53, was often caricatured as Jobs’s logical, icy sidekick—the Spock to his Kirk. In person, Cook defies those expectations. He bounds toward Apple employees, posing for on-campus selfies and answering every question regardless of the holes it eats into his schedule. He can also be quite emotional about a range of subjects close to his heart, from Auburn University football to social justice. It’s easy to project this unfailing politeness onto Apple and deduce that the CEO’s demeanor has trickled down to the corporate ethos. But this gives Cook too little credit.
現在はJeff Williams がCookの右腕となっているそうです。いろいろな面でCookと似ていることから、uncanny Cook cloneとライターは描き、In the new Apple, he’s Tim Cook’s Tim Cook.と結論づけています。Tim Cook’s Tim Cookという表現は構文とか文法とかの話ではないですね。Tim Cookが指揮する新しいAppleでジョブズ体制のときのTim Cookの役割を果たしているという意味でしょう。多読をしていない人はこういうのがピンとこなかったりします。
By last summer, with Apple’s stock down by as much as 40 percent from a record high because of concerns about the lack of new products, Cook was ready to accelerate the project. (The stock, now at around $100, has recovered all that ground and then some.) Apple insiders say that while an executive named Dan Riccio, who leads hardware engineering, would have been the obvious choice to take over the Watch program, Cook assigned it to Jeff Williams, 51, senior vice president for operations. Williams is Cook’s go-to guy—he vets possible acquisitions, coordinates with Foxconn Technology (2354:TT) and other manufacturers, and oversees the logistics needed to get millions of devices from Asian factories to stores around the world. He’s an uncanny Cook clone: tall, soft-spoken, and an avid fitness buff with an inexhaustible memory for operational details. Both men have MBAs from Duke University and spent early parts of their careers at IBM (IBM). In the new Apple, he’s Tim Cook’s Tim Cook.
新しい人材に触れている部分は以下です。ここでdiversityが使われていますが、diversity of viewsで視点や考えなどの多様性のようです。
Apple is also more willing to seek another kind of outside help. Over the last few months, the company’s gone on a hiring spree, vacuuming up accomplished tastemakers such as Patrick Pruniaux, the chief salesman at watchmaker Tag Heuer; Paul Deneve, the former CEO of couture house Yves Saint Laurent; and Angela Ahrendts, Burberry’s (BRBY:LN) former chief executive, who joined Apple to run its stores. The recruitment spree isn’t only about finding people who know how to sell watches at extravagant markups, but also about adding a diversity of views inside the company. Cook “is very focused on finding a very wide range of people,” says Susan Wagner, founding partner and director of asset-management firm BlackRock (BLK), Apple’s largest shareholder, who joined the company’s board earlier this summer. “It’s not automatically the way you think about diversity. It’s about bringing in experience, skill set, and perspective.”
先日取り上げたdiversityのレポートについては、Appleの課題として触れていました。
In August, Apple released its internal diversity report. Its employment numbers were lopsided toward white and Asian men. “There was a view we shouldn’t” release the report, Cook says. “I didn’t agree. … It clearly says we’re not a perfect company, and we have work to do. And that’s fine.” The company continues to struggle with conditions at its factories in China, with an internal audit this year documenting use of underage laborers and abuse of migrant workers.
For now Cook is just trying to capitalize on the attention and enjoy the moment he worked the past three years for. Backstage at the Flint Center before the Sept. 9 event, he could be found with his white earbuds on, psyching himself up by listening to the OneRepublic song I Lived on his iPhone. “Hope when you take that jump, you don’t fear the fall … / Hope when the crowd screams out, they’re screaming your name.”
Here are some other strange points: Don't capitalize the "w" in Vietnam war because it was "undeclared," just like the Yom Kippur war and the Falklands war. (I had to Google both.)
Treaties that haven't been ratified don't get the uppercase treatment, either. Write "Treaty of Paris" but "Kyoto treaty."
Casualties, surprisingly, refer to all persons injured, captured, or missing in action, as well as those killed.
"'Disinformation' refers to the deliberate planting of false reports. 'Misinformation' equates in meaning but does not carry the same devious connotation.'" (Whatever that means.)
Disinformation: A Deliberately Devious Word The CIA's style guide makes a careful distinction between misinformation and disinformation By BEN ZIMMER July 11, 2014 9:18 p.m. ET
（ロングマン） disinformation false information which is given deliberately in order to hide the truth or confuse people, especially in political situations [->misinformation]: government disinformation about the effects of nuclear testing
misinformation incorrect information, especially when deliberately intended to deceive people [-> disinformation]
Exclamation Point Because intelligence reports are expected to be dispassionate, this punctuation mark should rarely, if ever, be used.
Feel carries tricky emotional overtones. If a piece of analysis says the leaders of another country feel a certain way, the policymaking reader may conclude that the writer is identifying with those leaders -- and perhaps criticizing the policymaker. You are on safer ground with calculate or estimate, whose relationship to the policymaker's operational world is unambiguous.
Could, May, Might Both may and might deal with possibility. For many, might carries an implication of greater uncertainty on the part of the writer, Again, the construction provides little enlightenment unless it offers further analysis. Country A may invade Country B if President X gets the support of Country C. Country A might invade Country B if President X can persuade the legislature to back him.
（アマゾンのサイト説明） “You will travel in a land of marvels.” - Jules Verne
Kindle Voyage is our most advanced e-reader ever. Intuitive, simple, and refined, Kindle Voyage lets you get lost in your story.
Brilliantly crisp display New—The high-resolution display (300 ppi) features sharp, dark text that reads even more like the printed page. The micro-etched glass screen is crafted to eliminate glare and feel like paper to the touch.
Light that adjusts with you New—Kindle Voyage can be read in bright sunlight or total darkness—and it's smart enough to know the difference. With a new adaptive front light, Kindle Voyage senses the light in your environment, and changes the setting to the ideal brightness.
Effortless page turns New—PagePress allows you to turn the page without lifting a finger. Simply apply pressure on the bezel to turn the page, and PagePress will provide a silent haptic response for consistent and immediate feedback.
Remarkably thin design Improved—At just 7.6mm thin, Voyage is our thinnest Kindle ever. Comfortably hold Kindle Voyage in one hand for long reading sessions.
（ケンブリッジビジネス） C-Suite HR the group of the most important managers in a company, for example, those whose titles begin with the letter C, for 'chief': CEOs and other C-Suite executives
（Wikipedia） The chief diversity officer (CDO) is an organization’s executive level diversity and inclusion strategist. According to journalist Bill Picture, about 20% percent of Fortune 500 companies employ diversity officers (Asian Week, Nov. 26, 2005). Steve O. Michael, Kent State University’s Vice President of Diversity Initiatives developed a database in 2006 with roughly 400 diversity officers on college and university campuses. About 80 had the chief diversity officer (CDO) title.
Some companies are adding a new executive to their C-suite lineup: Chief Diversity Officer.
Tasked with creating an environment where women and minorities can flourish, CDOs generally have a hybrid job description that includes recruitment, human resources, marketing, ethics and legal compliance.
Having a diverse work force no doubt helps a company's image, and some say it can also impact the bottom line by reducing employee turnover, boosting innovation and attracting new business.
フォーチュン500社で6割の企業が導入しているのは思ったより多い印象です。
About 60% of Fortune 500 companies currently have a CDO or executive role designated for diversity, according to a recent study by Heidrick & Struggles, an executive search firm. Among them, 65% are female and 37% are African-American. They come from a variety of backgrounds, from human resources and marketing to finance and operations.
Many CDOs earn salaries equivalent to other senior roles like chief marketing officer or chief legal counsel. Depending on the size of the company, they may also manage their own staff and budget, which can range from $1.5 million to $5 million at larger firms, says Heidrick & Struggles partner Billy Dexter, who was formerly CDO at Viacom Inc. VIAB -0.66% 's MTV Networks.
"The C-suite label gives it more stature, certainly, but the real message is that this is a critical initiative to the company," says Mr. Dexter.
New York, NY – DiversityInc last night announced The 2013 DiversityInc Top 50 Companies for Diversity, with Time Warner ranking number 33 on the list. The DiversityInc Top 50 includes companies from a wide range of industries whose leadership, procurement practices, communications and training best reflect the reality of the rapidly changing face of America. The full list can be found at www.DiversityInc.com/top50.
"With the appointment of Lisa Quiroz as its first Chief Diversity Officer last year, Time Warner has made significant strides to create an inclusive workforce. Those efforts are demonstrated by its human-capital data. For example, the company's ratio of Black, Latino and Asian managers promoted compared with management demographics was higher than the DiversityInc Top 50 average (1.15-1, versus 0.99-1)," said DiversityInc CEO Luke Visconti.
I am instructed to inform you that the council of the Institution of Civil Engineering has awarded to you a Telford Medal and a Telford Premium for your Paper entitled:- “The Lake Biwa-Kioto Canal”.
The formal presentation will take place at the first Ordinary Meeting of next Session in the Second Tuesday in November.
I am, Sir, Your obedient servant, James Forrest Secretary
To Sakuro Tanabe Esq. M.E. Engineering College Tokio, Japan
your obedient servant というのは手紙の結びに使われていた古い表現のようです。TOEICではSincerelyやBest Regardsがメインですね。
（オックスフォード） your obedient servant (old use) used to end a formal letter
INTRODUCTIOS. LAKE BIWA, largest lake in Japan, covers 500 square miles, the is 280 feet above sea-level and 36 miles from the Bay of Osaka. The lake has an outlet called Yodo River, which starts from the lake with a gentle slope for a mile, but thence, for over 12 miles, its course is impeded by rapids and cliffs, till it reaches the town of Fushimi, which is 23 miles from the city of Osaka...
The objects of the construction of the canal between the lake and the city were: 1. To open a line of boat navigation between the Lake and Yodo River through Kioto. 2. The production of water power and the distribution of power and the light in the city by electricity. 3. The irrigation of rice fields in the vicinity.
The work was commenced in 1885 and completed in 1891, under the direction of Sakuro Tanabe, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., who was the engineer-in-chief.
DIVERSITY: A NATURE & SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SPECIAL ISSUE Greater diversity in science's workforce and ideas is long overdue. Nature, in this special issue with Scientific American, explores connections between diversity and the rigour of research — including how marginalization affects study design — and discusses persistent, misguided assumptions. The message is clear: inclusive science is better science.
Diversity challenge There is growing evidence that embracing diversity — in all its senses — is key to doing good science. But there is still work to be done to ensure that inclusivity is the default, not the exception. 16 September 2014
Diversity is a vague word. The special-issue content (available at nature.com/diversity) is wide-ranging and covers much ground. It can be usefully tied together by a working definition: diversity means an inclusive approach, both to the science itself and the make-up of the groups of people who carry out the research.
Diversity is a topic too often discussed in the negative, through stories of discrimination and bias against select communities. Science has its problems here just like most of society, and Nature has long spoken out, for example, against the under-representation of women. Much of the special-issue content frames the subject in a different way, and examines the benefits of an inclusive approach.
Collaboration: Strength in diversity Richard B. Freeman& Wei Huang 16 September 2014 Richard B. Freeman and Wei Huang reflect on a link between a team's ethnic mix and highly cited papers.
社説ではこの論文を以下のように紹介していました。
Attention, busy scientists: if diversity sounds like a worthy topic but one better left to your university’s human-resources department, then turn to page 305, where Richard Freeman and Wei Huang explain how it might boost your citation rate. Their analysis of the surnames of US-based authors on some 2.5 million research papers suggests that scientists who tend to stick with their own kind publish less-cited work, and in lower-impact journals.
Diversity: Pride in science The sciences can be a sanctuary for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender individuals, but biases may still discourage many from coming out. M Mitchell Waldrop 16 September 2014
Pride in scienceというタイトルに関しては、gay prideに絡めてのものでしょうか。ロングマンでもオックスフォードでも見出し語になっていました。ウィズダムは成句で掲載し「ゲイプライド, 同性愛者の誇り（同性愛者の人権運動）」と説明していました。
（ロングマン） Gay Pride a political movement that began in the U.S. and encourages gay people to be open about the fact that they are gay and to be proud of themselves
（オックスフォード） gay pride the feeling that homosexual people should not be ashamed of telling people that they are homosexual and should feel proud of themselves a gay pride parade a song inspired by a mixture of gay pride and personal anguish
The scientific establishment could also do a lot more about collecting basic data. For example, the US National Science Foundation, which compiles detailed statistics about women, under-represented minorities and the prevalence of various disabilities among US researchers and STEM students, does not currently ask about LGBT identification. Nor do there seem to have been systematic, large-scale studies of the social environment for LGBT researchers. How much stress do they really feel if they stay closeted in the lab? What are the actual effects on their health and productivity? And if they do come out, are they really less likely to be funded, hired or promoted? At least one team — sociologists Erin Cech of Rice University in Houston, Texas, and Tom Waidzunas of Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania — is hoping to carry out a survey of 2,000–3,000 LGBT scientists and engineers, but has yet to get funding.
Without such data, says Trotter, it is impossible for the funding agencies to know whether LGBT people are over- or under-represented in the research fields, whether there is a need for more support programmes and counselling, or whether they should offer special fellowships for young LGBT researchers in the way they now do for women and minorities. “We don’t have numbers,” says Trotter, “and that’s frustrating for us as scientists.”
Still, without minimizing the challenges that remain, older LGBT scientists stress how far the world has come in a remarkably short time. “When I’m contacted by young people,” says Barres, “I always tell them that the fears are so much greater than the reality. And I always encourage them to be open, because they will be so much happier. If you’re doing good science, if you’re a great teacher — that’s what matters.”
A Message from Tim Cook. At Apple, our 98,000 employees share a passion for products that change people’s lives, and from the very earliest days we have known that diversity is critical to our success. We believe deeply that inclusion inspires innovation.
Our definition of diversity goes far beyond the traditional categories of race, gender, and ethnicity. It includes personal qualities that usually go unmeasured, like sexual orientation, veteran status, and disabilities. Who we are, where we come from, and what we’ve experienced influence the way we perceive issues and solve problems. We believe in celebrating that diversity and investing in it.
Apple is committed to transparency, which is why we are publishing statistics about the race and gender makeup of our company. Let me say up front: As CEO, I’m not satisfied with the numbers on this page. They’re not new to us, and we’ve been working hard for quite some time to improve them. We are making progress, and we’re committed to being as innovative in advancing diversity as we are in developing our products.
Today we’re making Facebook’s current diversity figures available publicly for the first time. At Facebook, diversity is essential to achieving our mission. We build products to connect the world, and this means we need a team that understands and reflects many different communities, backgrounds and cultures. Research also shows that diverse teams are better at solving complex problems and enjoy more dynamic workplaces. So at Facebook we’re serious about building a workplace that reflects a broad range of experience, thought, geography, age, background, gender, sexual orientation, language, culture and many other characteristics.
FacebookでもDiversityを達成できるように積極的に取り組んでいると明言していますね。
Diversity is something that we’re treating as everyone’s responsibility at Facebook, and the challenge of finding qualified but underrepresented candidates is one that we’re addressing as part of a strategic effort across Facebook. Since our strategic diversity team launched last year, we’re already seeing improved new hire figures and lower attrition rates for underrepresented groups.
BUSINESS WORKPLACE & CAREERS Yes, There Is Diversity in Silicon Valley — if You Know Where to Look Dan Kedmey Aug. 26, 2014 Study finds many black and Latino workers toil in the tech scene's "invisible" workforce of cooks, cleaners and guards
A new report on the diversity of Silicon Valley’s workforce has found a preponderance of black and Latino workers relegated to the bottom rungs of the pay ladder.
Working Partnerships USA released a report on Tuesday that drew attention to an “invisible” legion of contracted workers who cook, clean and guard corporate campuses throughout the Valley.
While black and Latino workers comprise less than 5% of the workforce at prominent companies such as Twitter, Facebook, eBay and Google, their representation balloons to 41% among security guards and 75% among groundskeepers, according to employment data released by the companies and Santa Clara county.
But after almost a week of trying the phones, it became clear that the hardware was not the best part of the package. In its quest to deliver bigger phones to a market clamoring for them, Apple has made one phone that is actually a little too small and one that’s a little too big. (Apple lent The New York Times an iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus under the condition that a review would be not be published before Tuesday at 9 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time.)
The best part of the new phones is actually the new software inside, which is available for some older models, too, starting on Wednesday. The software, iOS 8, combines some of the advanced features of Android with Apple’s ease of use and reliability.
NYTのレビューは総体評価がよく分からなかったのですが、Mossberg氏は、In my view, it’s the best smartphone on the marketと（いつもの通り）iPhoneをべた褒めしています。Hardwareが優れているというよりも、Softwareやアプリを含めて考えた上での評価です。
After stubbornly resisting for years, Apple has finally joined the big-screen smartphone movement with its two latest models, the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, which go on sale Friday. But it hasn’t just expanded the screens. It has radically redesigned the iPhone, making it thinner and more curved, and has beefed up everything from the screen to the performance to the battery life and wireless speed.
I’ve been testing the more mainstream of the two models, the 4.7-inch iPhone 6, for about a week now, and I think it’s a terrific phone. In my view, it’s the best smartphone on the market, when you combine its hardware, all-new operating system, and the Apple ecosystem whose doors it opens. That includes a new service called Apple Pay for buying goods in stores and online electronically via the phone; it’s due next month. Apple Pay will only work with these latest iPhones, and Apple’s forthcoming smartwatch.
Which one to get? Apple sees the iPhone 6 as the direct successor to the iPhone 5s, and as the more mainstream of the two models — a smartphone with a bigger screen and other improvements. So do I. The iPhone 6 Plus is really a different category, a cross between a smartphone and a small tablet, or “phablet.” If you love your iPhone, but want a significantly larger screen, I’d go with the regular 6. If you want something much, much larger — something different — and you love the iPhone, then the Plus is probably for you.
Mossberg氏は動画でもiPhone 6しかレビューしていないから、OSやPlusのレビューも合わせて確認してくれと言っていますが、結論でもIt’s my recommendation for the best smartphone you can buy.とiPhone 6が一押しのようです。 Bottom line The iPhone 6 is a great upgrade for current iPhone owners, or for anyone, really. It manages to provide a much larger display in a phone that’s still small enough to handle easily. It’s my recommendation for the best smartphone you can buy.
There are a couple of reasons why the Apple iPhone 6 Plus might also be too big for me to purchase. But I have to admit it: I’m tempted. I really like this phone. And to people who actually prefer huge smartphones: You are going to like this phone, too.
That’s mostly because it’s not just a smartphone; it’s a statement phone. What Apple is doing isn’t even especially innovative — “Us, too!” the company is shouting, as it chases after that flatbed truck filled with phablets — and yet, they’ve made this big phone feel fresh and desirable.
YutaはiPhone 6 Plus (64GB)を予約したのでついついPlusを褒めているレビューを探してしまいます。現在のiPhone5だと長い記事を読む気にはならずiPadを使っていますので、Plusには期待しているところです。
The Good The bigger battery means great battery life, and the 5.5-inch screen is not only big but bright and high-contrast. Optical image stabilization improves low-light photography.
The Bad The big footprint of the iPhone 6 Plus is not for everybody, and it's less visually distinctive in overall design than previous iPhones. Also, apps that haven't been optimized yet look blurry and have big keyboards.
The Bottom Line The iPhone 6 Plus is too big for everyone to love it, but it's Apple's best phone this year. If your budget and your pocket can make room for it, give the iPhone 6 Plus serious consideration.
******** Conclusion The iPhone 6 Plus is not a phone for everybody. Its size is its biggest drawback and, indeed, that will likely be the deciding factor for many on whether to go with the 6 or 6 Plus. If you can live with a device of these dimensions, the additional $100, £80, or AU$130 is well worth it for the upgraded battery life alone. It's doubly worth it if you're intrigued by better performance of the camera -- or if your eyesight could benefit from extra room for larger fonts.
The iPhone 6 Plus may not be the most visually distinctive phablet device on the market, nor the most feature-packed, but it is a big step forward in the world of Apple mobile devices. This is the most potent iPhone yet, and a serious contender in this, the most serious segment of the smartphone market.
"The main thing about the 6 Plus is that it, like the iPhone 6, uses a whole new design language for Apple, so that bigger screen comes in a case with curved edges, it comes with a camera that is improved and in this case has optical image stabilisation which makes it a lot better than its predecessors and eliminates a lot of the wobble."
Apple's latest smartphones live up to the company's reputation of making products that are well-designed and easy to use, ensuring that it will continue to dominate the mobile market.
BRUSSELS— Anders Fogh Rasmussen, secretary-general of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, strongly backed the U.S.-led mission against Islamic State on Monday, saying the group's actions were "very close to genocide."
NATO has little, if any, role in the operation, and not all NATO members are taking part, especially given a certain war weariness in various countries. But Mr. Rasmussen said, "We have seen again and again that appeasement does not lead to peace, it just incites tyrants."
下記のような部分は音声で聞くとなおさら耳に残ります。Vで始まる形容詞を三回続けて使っています。
"Their agendas and ideologies are different," he said. "But they are virulent, violent, and viciously anti-Western."
Mr. Rasmussen's replacement at NATO's helm will be Former Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg, selected by NATO members in part because of his long experience in dealing with Russia. NATO's military commander—currently Gen. Philip M. Breedlove —is, by tradition, an American, while its civilian leader comes from a non-U.S. NATO member.
We are confronted by forces of oppression that reject our liberal democracy and our liberal, rules-based international order. While their agendas and ideologies are different, they are virulently against the West and what we represent. They will grasp every opportunity to undermine our values of individual liberty, freedom, democracy, the rule of law and human rights.
In this age of unrest and revisionism, free societies must stand strong and united as a force for freedom. We must be prepared to act when we have to. We must work with like-minded nations. And we must show confidence in our own values.
These values are now under threat. They cannot be taken for granted. As we approach the end of over a decade of fighting in Afghanistan, there is a temptation to turn inward. But the world will not become less dangerous just because we wish it to be. Threats will not go away just because we want to look away. We must keep a global perspective and counter isolationism and retreat.
If we fail to defend democracy, forces of oppression will seize the opportunity. Because appeasement does not lead to peace. It just incites the tyrants. Failure to counter oppression will only invite further oppression. Military action will always be the last resort, but we must be able to use it when we need to. Not to wage war, but to build peace.
（ケンブリッジビジネス） diversity [U] HR, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY the fact of there being people of many different groups in society, within an organization, etc.: cultural/ethnic diversity We are an equal opportunities employer committed to diversity in the workplace.
（Business Dictionary） diversity 1.Accounting: Situation where different batch sizes, distribution channels, product mixes, etc., place different demands on resources due to uneven assignment of costs. 2.HR: Feature of a mixed workforce that provides a wide range of abilities, experience, knowledge, and strengths due to its heterogeneity in age, background, ethnicity, physical abilities, political and religious beliefs, sex, and other attributes.
（アメリカンヘリテージ） diversity 1. a. The quality or condition of being diverse: a band known for the diversity of its music. b. The condition of having or including people from different ethnicities and social backgrounds: diversity on campus. 2. A variety or assortment: a diversity of opinions.
（Webster） 1: the condition of having or being composed of differing elements : variety; especially : the inclusion of different types of people (as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization
ニューズアワーに登場したゼロックスの方の肩書きがGlobal Diversity and Inclusion Managerとあったように、DiversityとInclusionというのは対でよく使われるようです。先ほどのリストを作成しているサイトでの説明です。このサイトでのdiversityでの説明はWhen companies speak about hiring or promoting for diversity, they generally mean hiring or promoting more women, Blacks, Latinos and Asians.とより踏み込んで説明してくれています。女性やマイノリティを積極的に登用していくことのようですね。
Diversity In the United States, advancement of traditionally underrepresented groups, defined by race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, disability and age. When companies speak about hiring or promoting for diversity, they generally mean hiring or promoting more women, Blacks, Latinos and Asians.
Corporate diversity includes all these underrepresented groups and can include consideration of diversity of background, age, class and thought. Corporate diversity efforts have been most accurately measured and assessed for the past 14 years by The DiversityInc Top 50 Companies for Diversity. Examples of the types of metrics that are most effective in improving the diversity of demographics, including diversity dashboards for senior leadership and assessing engagement, can be found in this Web Seminar featuring Sodexo (the No. 1 company in the 2013 DiversityInc Top 50) and BASF (No. 31).
Inclusion An increasingly popular term, both in the United States and globally, defined as including people from all groups. Diversity and inclusion, also often called D&I, have become increasingly used terms in corporate America. The specific inclusion of white men in diversity initiatives is encouraged by these words.
The popular column Ask the White Guy, written by DiversityInc CEO Luke Visconti, often explores issues of inclusion of white men. Best practices from companies including General Motors (one of DiversityInc’s 25 Noteworthy Companies), KPMG (No. 23 in the Top 50) and Cox Communications (No. 22) stress clear communications from the top and use of employee resource groups to further inclusion of white men and middle managers.
Xerox has had a gay and lesbian caucus for more than twenty years. Multiple points of view to adapt to a global, ever-morphing market. とあるように、女性やマイノリティだけではなく、LGBTも含めた取り込みを行っている企業もあるようです。Dellは以下のような説明をしています。Xeroxと同じように、多様な市場ニーズに応えるためにも社内のdiversityは重要なようです。
Overview Dell is committed to provide an environment that values and develops individual talents, respects the needs of its people and applies collective strengths toward the complete satisfaction of our customers and stakeholders. Dell recognizes that diversity is essential to enhance the customer experience and is key to our success. We also understand that it is our diverse teams who produce the diverse and innovative ideas that make Dell the computer systems company of choice for our customers around the world.
顧客との関係だけではなく。LGBTの雇用も実施しているようです。
Recruiting LGBT Candidates to Work at Dell Hiring LGBT candidates to work at Dell is a key objective of our diversity program. At Dell, diversity is more than an essential element of our corporate values. It’s a force that helps shape the type of company we are and aspire to be. We recognize diversity as the key to succeeding in the marketplace, fostering a winning culture where Dell employees are highly talented, committed, reflective of our global customers and recognized as our greatest strength.
The Dell Human Resources team utilizes various resources to identify and recruit talented LGBT candidates to work at Dell. For example, Dell works with Reaching Out MBA to identify highly qualified candidates in different fields. Dell frequently sponsors or participates in the annual conferences of such organizations. It takes advantage of the opportunity to meet highly qualified candidates and conduct initial interviews with some of those attendees. Dell also sponsors networking events or internet cafes that we set up at these events.
（オックスフォード） Richard Nixon (1913–94) the 37th US President (1969–74) and the only one to resign. He was elected to the US House of Representatives in 1946, where he was on the House Un-American Activities Committee, and then to the US Senate in 1950. He was Vice-President under President Eisenhower (1953–61) but was defeated by John F Kennedy in the 1960 election for President. As President, Nixon was successful in ending the Vietnam War and establishing a closer relationship between the US and China, but he is mainly remembered for having to leave office because of the Watergate scandal. He was given the nickname‘Tricky Dick’ because he was often not direct or honest in his dealings with people.
There can be no whitewash at the White House. Richard Nixon about Watergate, 1973
（オックスフォード） Nixon, Richard (1913-94) a US politician in the Republican Party who was President of the US from 1969 to 1974. He helped to end the Vietnam War and improved the US's political relationship with China. He is most famous for being involved in Watergate and for officially leaving his position as President before Congress could impeach him (=charge him with a serious crime). Many people thought he was dishonest, and because of this he was sometimes called 'Tricky Dicky'.
このあたりはロングマンにも載っています。Great Warは昔の呼び名のようです。World War Iではfor British people the strongest image is of the 'Western Front' in Belgium and northern France, where the armies of each side lived in trenches (=long deep holes in the ground), with an area called "no-man's land" between them.と英国人のイメージも説明してくれて丁寧ですね。こういうのは外国人にとってはありがたいです。
（ロングマン） Great War, the an old-fashioned name for World War I
World War I also the First World War (1914-1918) a war in Europe fought between France, the UK and its empire, Russia, and the US on one side ('the Allies'), and Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey on the other side. The war started as a result of the murder in Sarajevo of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, a member of the Austrian royal family. World War I was fought in many different areas, but for British people the strongest image is of the 'Western Front' in Belgium and northern France, where the armies of each side lived in trenches (=long deep holes in the ground), with an area called "no-man's land" between them. Many of the famous battles on the Western Front ended without either side gaining much land, and the names of these battles especially the Somme, Passchendaele, and Ypres, have come to represent the way that millions of young men were killed for no very good reason. For people from Australia and New Zealand, the battle of Gallipoli, where thousands of their soldiers were killed, is remembered with great sadness.
（Wikipedia） Names From the time of its occurrence until the approach of World War II, it was called simply the World War or the Great War and thereafter the First World War or World War I.[14][15]
In Canada, Maclean's Magazine in October 1914 said, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."[16] During the Interwar period (1918-1939), the war was most often called the World War and the Great War in English-speaking countries.
The term "First World War" was first used in September 1914 by the German philosopher Ernst Haeckel, who claimed that "there is no doubt that the course and character of the feared 'European War' ... will become the first world war in the full sense of the word."[17] After the onset of the Second World War in 1939, the terms World War I or the First World War became standard, with British and Canadian historians favouring the First World War, and Americans World War I.
MARCH 6, 2013 Were they always called World War I and World War II? The short answer is no, though it’s hard to pinpoint precisely when the World War I and World War II—or First World War and Second World War—monikers arose. During World War I, of course, nobody knew that a second global conflict would follow closely on the heels of the first, so there was no need to distinguish it as the first of its kind. After initially referring to the “European War,” U.S. newspapers adopted “World War” once America entered the confrontation in 1917. On the other side of the Atlantic, meanwhile, Britons preferred “Great War” until the 1940s—with the notable exception of Winston Churchill, who reminisced about the “World War” in the 1927 volume of his memoir “The World Crisis.”
After 1945, historians found the term "First World War" appropriate because they saw 1914-1918 as the first of a particular type of international conflict - the world's first industrialised "total" war - which had been followed by a second industrialised world war of this kind - 1939-1945.
There are certainly arguments that can be made, however, that the titles "First World War" and "World War One" are misleading. The Seven Years War, the mid-18th Century battle for supremacy among Europe's great powers, and the Napoleonic Wars were also fought across the globe, on multiple continents causing severe disruption to global trade. Moreover, if measured in comparison to World War Two, which saw widespread fighting in China, South-East Asia and the Pacific, then 1914-1918 looks more like a European conflict - the key fronts that would decide the outcome of the war were all in Europe.
18世紀の７年戦争や19世紀のナポレオン戦争と比較しながら、世界的な影響の大きさを考えると、やっぱりFirst World Warが最初の世界大戦だと常識的な結論に落ち着いています。
If we measure the war in terms of its ideological effects it was clearly global. The war's economic legacy changed the world as the capital of finance shifted during the conflict from London to New York and, with vast swathes of European agriculture ruined, Argentina and Canada greatly increased their market share as food suppliers.
Global attitudes were also changed. The Japanese called for a clause on the equality of all races to be inserted into the League of Nations covenant after the war - they were unsuccessful, but the idea revealed changing mindsets. The first Pan-African Congress, held in Paris in 1919, advocated that African peoples should govern themselves. The war's legacy was new global ideas about the right of peoples to self-determination and the need for a global system of international co-operation, which was embodied in the League of Nations.
It was a war that utterly altered the world and in this regard, in the sheer scale of the changes it brought, it was certainly a first.
So tonight, with a new Iraqi government in place, and following consultations with allies abroad and Congress at home, I can announce that America will lead a broad coalition to roll back this terrorist threat. Our objective is clear: We will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counterterrorism strategy. First, we will conduct a systematic campaign of airstrikes against these terrorists. Working with the Iraqi government, we will expand our efforts beyond protecting our own people and humanitarian missions, so that we’re hitting ISIL targets as Iraqi forces go on offense. Moreover, I have made it clear that we will hunt down terrorists who threaten our country, wherever they are. That means I will not hesitate to take action against ISIL in Syria, as well as Iraq. This is a core principle of my presidency: If you threaten America, you will find no safe haven.
ISILというのは、the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levantを表しています。Levantはロングマンに以下のようにありました。
（ロングマン） Levant the Levant an old name for the area of land at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea, including Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and parts of Turkey
Later, after the interview ended, Todd told his panel, "Obviously we refer to it at NBC News as ISIS. The Obama administration, president, says the word ISIL. The last S stands for Syria, the last L they don’t want to have stand for Syria." The insinuation is that the country Obama decided to stay out of last year is also his Voldemort, better left unnamed.
ISILを使うのはSyriaという言葉を避けているという理由はすぐに思い浮かぶものです。水曜日のスピーチではようやくtake action against ISIL in Syria, as well as Iraqとシリアでの軍事行動に触れました。ちなみにISILを使う側の理由としては、こちらの方がアラビア語を正確に伝えているからだそうです。
Many politicians and media organizations that have chosen ISIL rather than ISIS have said they went with the former as a paean to grammar. When you translate the Arabic name for the group of insurgents (Al-Dawla Al-Islamiya fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham) into English, many argue that using "the Levant" (a.k.a. ISIL) to describe the region is most accurate -- as this WorldViews post from June explains.
The Levant also denotes a far larger region than just Iraq and Syria. By calling the group ISIL instead of ISIS, it implies that the group is not only a serious threat, it is a large one too.
While the government has been choosing between ISIS and ISIL, many news organizations have been making similar decisions in their style guides. Last month, the Washington Post decided to refer to the group as the Islamic State, after the group itself declared that its ambitions outstripped Iraq and Greater Syria. Several other news organizations have also made the switch, including the Associated Press, as Poynter reported.
About a month ago ISIL changed its name, so our approach is to refer to them on first reference simply as “Islamic militants,” “jihadi fighters,” “the leading Islamic militant group fighting in Iraq (Syria), etc.” On second reference, something like “the group, which calls itself the Islamic State,” with “group” helping to make clear that it is not an internationally recognized state.
The ISIL-ISIS debate continues in large part because that the Islamic State is not internationally recognized, and officials wouldn't want to recognize the existence of a state that remains an ambition of a group they hope to extinguish.
The lesson: This situation is moving so fast -- the many explainers written about ISIS v. ISIL in June are already a few steps behind -- and the Islamic State's identity is changing so rapidly that it seems futile to treat acronyms as a magnifying glass.
