Miranda JulyのThe First Bad Manを読み始めました。医者に診療に行く面から始まるのですが、TOEICでもおなじみの次回の診療を予約するアポイントメントの場面がありました。冒頭の文でXeroxが「…をコピーする」という意味で使われていますね。
THE RECEPTIONIST XEROXED MY INSURANCE card while explaining that chromotherapy isn't covered by insurance. “The next available appointment is June nineteenth. Do you prefer morning or afternoon?” Her waist length gray hair was off-putting. Mine is gray too but I keep it neat. “I don't know—morning?” It was only February. By June Phillip and I might be a couple, we might come to Dr. Broyard's together, hand in hand. “Is there anything sooner?” "The doctor's in this office only three times a year." I glanced around the waiting area. "Who will water this plant?" I leaned over and pushed my finger into the fern's soil. It was wet. "Another doctor works here." She tapped the Lucite display holding two stacks of cards, Dr. Broyard's and those of a Dr. Tibbets, LCSW. I tried to take one of each without using my dirty finger. "How's nine forty-five?" she asked, holding out a box of Kleenex.
まあこういう女性はTOEICではあまり登場しないかもしれませんが、以下のように会話を抜き出してみると、パート２のやり取りになりますよね。パート２のバリエーションの平叙文、選択疑問文が使われていますし、パート1でおなじみの表現water the plantなんてのもあります（笑）
“The next available appointment is June nineteenth.” - “Is there anything sooner?”
“Do you prefer morning or afternoon?” - “I don't know—morning?”
"Who will water this plant?" - "Another doctor works here."
One morning, when Gregor Samsa woke from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a horrible vermin. He lay on his armour-like back, and if he lifted his head a little he could see his brown belly, slightly domed and divided by arches into stiff sections. The bedding was hardly able to cover it and seemed ready to slide off any moment. His many legs, pitifully thin compared with the size of the rest of him, waved about helplessly as he looked.
ちょうど昨日のガーディアンに変身の冒頭の訳について英訳のバリエーションを見比べたものがありました。“Ungeheuren Ungeziefer” has no literal translation in Englishとあるようにこの部分の訳が訳者によって幅があるようです。多和田さんは「ウンゲツィーファー（生贄にできないほど汚れた動物或いは虫）」と説明的に訳されていますね。
It’s one of the most famous opening lines in literature: Als Gregor Samsa eines Morgens aus unruhigen Träumen erwachte, fand er sich in seinem Bett zu einem ungeheueren Ungeziefer verwandelt”
Or to put it another way: As Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect.”
So begins The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka’s 1915 novella of angst par excellence, in which a travelling salesman struggles to adapt to his horrific new identity against the backdrop of his middle-class family’s repulsion – although depending upon which translation you happen to be reading, poor old Gregor could be waking up to find himself transformed into anything from a giant bug to a monstrous cockroach to a large verminous insect. (“Ungeheuren Ungeziefer” has no literal translation in English, but broadly speaking it means an enormous or monstrous kind of unclean vermin; thus the entomology of Gregor Samsa remains a much-contested mystery.)
とりあえずこの記事で紹介されている英訳部分だけを引用していきます。
Edwin and Willa Muir, first published in 1933. Currently published by Vintage Classics and Schocken Books. As Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect.”
Stanley Corngold, first published 1972, currently published in the US by the Modern Library. When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vermin.”
Joachim Neugroschel, first published 1993. Scribner Paperback Fiction. One morning, upon awakening from agitated dreams, Gregor Samsa found himself, in his bed, transformed into a monstrous vermin.”
Michael Hofmann (2007). Penguin Modern Classics. When Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from troubled dreams, he found himself changed into a monstrous cockroach in his bed.”
Joyce Crick (2009). Oxford World Classics. As Gregor Samsa woke one morning from uneasy dreams, he found himself transformed into some kind of monstrous vermin.”
Christopher Moncrieff (2014). Alma Classics. “One morning, as Gregor Samsa woke from a fitful, dream-filled sleep, he found that he had changed into an enormous bedbug.”
この記事のライターは以下の２つの訳を特に評価しているようです。ここは説明も含めて引用します。
Susan Bernofsky (2014), Norton. When Gregor Samsa woke one morning from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed right there in his bed into some sort of monstrous insect.”
A slim, gorgeous-looking volume, comprising solely of The Metamorphosis and a thought-provoking introduction by David Cronenberg. Bernofsky’s handling of the opening sentence is masterful – both improving the rhythm around that troublesome “in bed” and staying true to Kafka’s intended ambiguity. And while the rest of Bernofsky’s translation is occasionally a tad verbose for my tastes it remains eminently readable and would make an ideal gift for the aforementioned jaded Kafkaphile.
John R Williams (2014) Wordsworth Classics. And just when I thought no one could possibly improve on Bernofsky’s opening sentence, along comes Williams, who – behind an ugly cover, and beneath an unnecessary subtitle (“The Transformation of Gregor Samsa”) – quite simply, and quite beautifully, reshapes:
One morning Gregor Samsa woke in his bed from uneasy dreams and found he had turned into a large verminous insect”
The ecomomy here is characteristic of Williams’s translation throughout. If Bernofsky is a putter-inner, Williams is a taker-outer, unafraid to break up some of Kafka’s long, unwieldy sentences into shorter, more manageable units where necessary. This may get purists tutting, but I found this translation a joy to read. Highly recommended.
The TOEIC® tests: Help businesses build a more effective workforce Give job seekers and employees a competitive edge Enable universities to better prepare students for the international workplace
Organizations and job seekers around the world trust TOEIC scores to help them get ahead of the competition. TOEIC スコアは、世界中の企業/組織および求職者にとって、競争を優位に進めるための信頼できる手段となっています。
There are several things you can do every day to prepare for the TOEIC® Listening and Reading test. The more you practice, the easier it gets. TOEIC® Listening and Reading テストの準備として、いつでも実行できる事柄がいくつかあります。準備を怠らないようにすることによって、好ましい結果を得ることができます。
Listen Listen to music, online broadcasts, radio, television and movies in English. The more you listen, the more you will understand vocabulary, idioms and expressions. Music helps you acquire the rhythm and stress patterns of spoken English. Listen closely to the words. 聞く 音楽やインターネット放送、ラジオ、テレビ、映画などで英語を耳から学びましょう。聞く機会が多ければ多いほど、語彙や慣用句、表現をたくさん身につけることができます。また、音楽は話し言葉のリズム感や抑揚パターンの習得に役立ちます。単語が聞き取れるように、しっかりと耳を傾けましょう。
Read Reading is the best way to improve your vocabulary. English-language reading materials — newspapers, magazines, books and websites — are always available. Choose your favorites! Read material that genuinely interests you and isn’t too challenging. 読む 語彙の増加を目指すなら、読むのが一番。新聞や雑誌、本、ウェブサイトなど英語の読み物はいくらでもあります。自分の興味や関心に合ったものを選んでみましょう。ただし、あまり難しくないものから始めてください。
Use the Language Every Day Set aside time each day to communicate only in English. Listen, read, speak and write in English every chance you get. The more you use the language, the better you'll become. 英語を毎日使う 1 日のうちで英語だけで過ごす時間を設けるよう心がけてください。あらゆるチャンスを利用して、聞く、読む、話す、書くのすべてを英語で行います。英語を実際に使う機会が増えるほど、英語力も上達します。
Keep a Journal Write down what happens in your life every day. This is a great way to organize your thoughts and think in English. Read to yourself and read out loud. This will also help you listen to how the words sound. 日記をつける 毎日の生活で起きた出来事を書き留めましょう。自分の考えが整理でき、英語で考える練習にもなるので、日記をつけることはお勧めです。心の中や声に出して読んでみましょう。これは、言葉を音声面から確認する上で役に立ちます。
For more than 30 years, the TOEIC® Listening and Reading test has set the standard for assessing English-language listening and reading skills needed in the workplace. TOEIC® Listening and Reading テストが職場で必要とされるリスニング/リーディング スキルの判定基準として確立されてから、すでに 30 年以上が経過しています。
Listening skills are important for face-to-face communication, meetings, videoconferencing, podcasts and telephone conversations. リスニング スキルは、対面でのコミュニケーション、ミーティング、ビデオ会議、ポッドキャスティング、電話での会話で重要です。
Reading skills are necessary for email, reports, newsletters and other forms of business correspondence. リーディング スキルは、電子メール、レポート、ニュースレター、その他のビジネス文書を理解するために必要です。
Build a More Effective Workforce 人材育成の効率を高める
The Listening and Reading test offers a common standard of measurement for comparing the language skills of current and potential employees. Test content reflects real-world tasks and provides you with the information you need to easily: Listening and Reading テストは、社員や社員候補者の英語力を比較するための共通の測定基準を提供します。これらのテストは実世界で遭遇する作業を反映しており、以下を行う上で必要な情報が得られます。
▪ Recruit, place and promote the most qualified employees ▪ Identify job-training requirements ▪ Assign employees to positions overseas
Better yet, we should abandon altogether the multiple-choice tests, which are in vogue not because they are an effective tool for judging teachers or students but because they are an efficient means of producing data. （できることなら、マークシート方式のテストを全廃すべきです。この方式が流行しているのは教師や生徒を評価するのに効果的なツールだからではなく、データを生み出すのに効率的な方法だからです）
The rest of the reading-comprehension materials included passages from watered-down news articles or biographies, bastardized novels, memos or brochures — passages chosen not for emotional punch but for textual complexity. （読解力測定の素材の残りは、やさしくした新聞記事や伝記、品質を下げた小説、連絡文書、パンフレットなどからの文章です。心に響くからではなく、文章の複雑さによって選ばれた文章です）
English Language Arts exams are designed for “cultural neutrality.” This is supposed to give students a level playing field on the exams, but what it does is bleed our English classes dry. （英語力試験が「文化の中立」として設計されていることです。生徒にとって試験が公平な場になるようにするためですが、実際には英語の授業を生気が抜けたものにしています）
Of course no teacher disputes the necessity of being able to read for information. But if literature has no place in these tests, and if preparation for the tests becomes the sole goal of education, then the reading of literature will go out of fashion in our schools. （もちろん、どの教師も情報を得るために読めるようになることの必要性に疑問を呈することはないだろう。しかし、文学がこのような試験で果たす役割がないのなら、試験対策が教育の唯一の目標となれば、文学を読むことがアメリカの学校で廃れていってしまうでしょう）
この記事の初めの生徒たちがスタインベックの"Of Mice and Men"（二十日鼠と人間）を自分たちの物語として読んで把握するエピソードを見ると、生徒たちが小説を体験し、理解するのに年齢や学力はそれほど重要な点ではないのかもしれないとも思います。
We’d just finished John Steinbeck’s “Of Mice and Men.” When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying?” one girl asked, as she crept out of her chair to get a closer look. “I am,” I told her, “and the funny thing is I’ve read it many times.” （わたしたちはジョン・スタインベックの"Of Mice and Men"（二十日鼠と人間）を読み終わったばかりでした。授業で一緒に音読して最後まで読み終わったときに、クラスで一番頑強な男の子で、スターのバスケットボール選手が涙ぐんでいました。私も同じように。「泣いているのですか」と一人の女子生徒が聞いてきました。椅子から抜け出て近くに寄ってきました。「そうだよ」と彼女に答え、「おもしろいことに、私は何度も読んでいるんだよ」。）
But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I’ve taught kids with incarcerated parents, abusive parents, neglectful parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless or who live in crowded apartments in violent neighborhoods; kids who grew up in developing countries. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel’s terrible logic — the giving way of dreams to fate. （しかし、彼らは理解している。ジョージがレニーを撃ったとき、この悲劇はいつだって起きうるものだと気づくのです。私はニューヨーク市の公立中学校で14年間教えていますが、いろいろな子供たちを教えてきました。服役した両親、家庭内暴力をする両親、面倒をみない両親に育てられた子供たち、自分たちが親になった子供たち、ホームレスになった子供たち、暴力が多発する地区でたくさんの人とアパートに住んでいる子供たち、開発途上国で育った子供たち。彼らは理解するのです、私が理解する以上に、この小説の悲惨な展開、夢が運命にとってかわられることを。）
（補足）When George shoots Lennie（ジョージがレニーを撃ったとき）というのはこの小説の悲しい最後の部分です。自分の相棒であるレニーは意図しなかったものの殺人を起こしてしまったので、ジョージが自ら引導を渡すという痛ましい部分です。ウィキペディアの説明です。
(オックスフォード) V-E Day Victory in Europe Day, 8 May 1945. The day marked the end of fighting in Europe during World War II, and there were public celebrations in London and many other places.
(Wikipedia) Victory Day[a 1] or 9 May marks the capitulation of Nazi Germany to the Soviet Union in the part of the Second World War known in the Soviet Union as the Great Patriotic War where the Soviet Union fought against Nazi Germany. It was first inaugurated in the 16[1] republics of the Soviet Union, following the signing of the surrender document late in the evening on 8 May 1945 (after midnight, thus on 9 May, by Moscow Time). The Soviet government announced the victory early on 9 May after the signing ceremony in Berlin.[2] Though the official inauguration happened in 1945 (which means it has been celebrated since 1946), the holiday became a non-labour day only in 1965 and only in some of the countries.
A decade ago, President George W. Bush sat next to Russian President Vladimir Putin on stands in front of Lenin’s Tomb to observe the 60th anniversary. A decade before that, President Bill Clinton came to Moscow in an emotional post-Cold War visit. But on Saturday, the most prominent visitor’s seat went to Chinese President Xi Jinping, with whom Putin has tried to build bridges as relations with the West have soured because of the war in Ukraine.
Stalin did not let the Russians enjoy their victory for long. A new wave of repression began a year later. In 1948 Victory Day celebrations were cancelled altogether. The feelings of freedom and compassion inspired by the victory were not to be encouraged. To avoid reminding people of the staggering losses, the limbless veterans who once dotted Moscow’s streets were shipped off to a former monastery on an island. Stalin feared victory celebrations would enhance the popularity of Soviet military commanders such as Marshal Georgy Zhukov, who signed Germany’s surrender along with the allies.
Official celebrations resumed only in 1965, a year after the fall of Nikita Khrushchev. By that time, most military commanders were too old to pose a challenge. Zhukov had been sidelined. The Soviet leaders who came to power as a result of the coup against Khrushchev used Victory Day to boost their legitimacy. It was the only unifying Soviet holiday that caused no disagreements between the people and their leaders. While the memory of the war was used by the Kremlin to assert Soviet power, it also served as a common denominator between the Soviet and American leaders who belonged to the war generation.
ウクライナは今年から両方の日を祝うようになり、イギリスのようにケシの花を使うそうです。
To reconcile Ukraine’s Soviet past with its European future, the president, Petro Poroshenko, announced that this year the country will honour both the Western victory celebration on May 8th and Soviet Victory Day on May 9th. The traditional Russian orange-and-black St George’s ribbon has been swapped for the British crimson poppy. Alexei Navalny, the Russian opposition leader, says Mr Putin’s “project” has destroyed any hope of a larger Russian world built on common memories. Even Alexander Lukashenko, the dictatorial president of Belarus, decided to celebrate Victory Day separately.
The town leased the property back to the Playhouse for the next 25 years as a hands-off landlord. In addition, town residents raised a significant amount of money in donations through their Save Our Playhouse campaign.
（オックスフォード） hands-off dealing with people or a situation by not becoming involved and by allowing people to do what they want to a hands-off approach to staff management
コリンズの英語辞書で紹介されていた用例も良い意味のものです。
（コリンズ） He was a hands-off type of manager, fairly popular with the staff, whom we rarely caught sight of. Magnus Mills THE SCHEME FOR FULL EMPLOYMENT (2003)
There were numerous truly admirable women in Ravensbrück — for example, those who shared their meager rations with others — but there were also individuals who became guards and informers, or who preyed on other prisoners sexually. Helm describes the “hands-off policy” of the Geneva-based International Committee of the Red Cross, which resisted speaking out about the death camps or the “euthanasia” gassings. She gives us glimpses of Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS, who was the overseer of the concentration and extermination camps and the architect of the Final Solution. Himmler had a particular interest in Ravensbrück, partly because his mistress bore their baby at a nearby clinic.
One day soon, robots will write politicians’ lines for them. It won’t be hard. When the US negotiated its recent nuclear deal with Iran, it was plain which analogy political opponents would choose: Britain’s appeasement of Hitler at Munich.
（オックスフォード） Neville Chamberlain (1869-1940) a British prime minister (1937-40) and son of Joseph Chamberlain. He is mainly remembered for his policy of appeasement. He signed the Munich Agreement in 1938, trying to avoid a war against Germany and Italy, but said that Britain would defend Poland if Germany attacked it. This led to the start of World War II. He left the government soon after Britain entered the war, when British forces were defeated in Norway.
Similarly, almost nobody now defends the euro by saying it prevents renewed European war — although one of the currency’s fathers, German chancellor Helmut Kohl, thought exactly that. Only Greek tabloids continue to find Nazism in today’s Germany.
However, the Munich analogy does still influence western foreign-policy debates. The Korean war, the Suez invasion of 1956, the Vietnam war and both Iraq wars all began amid warnings against appeasement. Memories of Munich made the US and UK more warlike right up to 2003.
In fact, analogies with Munich are almost always misleading. Criticise the Iranian deal by all means but don’t compare it to Munich. The point about Hitler wasn’t simply that he was a tyrant. He was a tyrant with a massive army and global ambitions, unlike Saddam Hussein or today’s Iranian leaders.
But even the second world war wasn’t entirely a clash of goodies and baddies. When I asked a Finnish historian whether Finns were ashamed of having fought alongside Hitler, he asked me whether Britons were ashamed of having fought alongside Stalin. Touché, I thought.
Americans in particular tend to view contemporary Europe through the prism of the second world war. The late British historian Tony Judt once told me why: it’s the only period of European history still widely known in the US. Today’s jihadi threat to European Jews is therefore often likened to Nazism. Instead, the jihadis need to be understood in contemporary terms: as a murderous minority opposed by European states and almost all citizens. . . .
But in the west, analogies with the second world war are finally fading. The Iraq war has recently taken over as the main historical reference in arguments about potential new wars.
Nowadays, it’s in China where the second world war overshadows the present.
ラッセル・アインシュタイン宣言(1955) 水爆戦争になれば大都市が跡形もなく破壊されてしまうだろうことは疑問の余地がない。しかしこれは、私たちが直面することを余儀なくされている小さな悲惨事の1つである。たとえロンドンやニューヨークやモスクワのすべての市民が絶滅したとしても2、3世紀のあいだには世界は打撃から回復するかもしれない。しかしながら今や私たちは、とくにビキニの実験以来、核爆弾はこれまでの推測よりもはるかに広範囲にわたって徐々に破壊力を広げるであろうことを知っている。 No doubt in an H-bomb war great cities would be obliterated. But this is one of the minor disasters that would have to be faced. If everybody in London, New York, and Moscow were exterminated, the world might, in the course of a few centuries, recover from the blow. But we now know, especially since the Bikini test, that nuclear bombs can gradually spread destruction over a very much wider area than had been supposed.
信頼できる権威ある筋から、現在では広島を破壊した爆弾の2500倍も強力な爆弾を製造できることが述べられている。 It is stated on very good authority that a bomb can now be manufactured which will be 2,500 times as powerful as that which destroyed Hiroshima.
もしそのような爆弾が地上近くまたは水中で爆発すれば、放射能をもった粒子が上空へ吹き上げられる。そしてこれらの粒子は死の灰または雨の形で徐々に落下してきて、地球の表面に降下する。日本の漁夫たちとその漁獲物を汚染したのは、この灰であった。 Such a bomb, if exploded near the ground or under water, sends radio-active particles into the upper air. They sink gradually and reach the surface of the earth in the form of a deadly dust or rain. It was this dust which infected the Japanese fishermen and their catch of fish.
そのような死をもたらす放射能をもった粒子がどれほど広く拡散するのかは誰にもわからない。しかし最も権威ある人々は一致して水爆による戦争は実際に人類に終末をもたらす可能性が十分にあることを指摘している。もし多数の水爆が使用されるならば、全面的な死滅がおこる恐れがある。――瞬間的に死ぬのはほんのわずかだが、多数のものはじりじりと病気の苦しみをなめ、肉体は崩壊してゆく。 No one knows how widely such lethal radio-active particles might be diffused, but the best authorities are unanimous in saying that a war with H-bombs might possibly put an end to the human race. It is feared that if many H-bombs are used there will be universal death, sudden only for a minority, but for the majority a slow torture of disease and disintegration.
The White House September 7, 1961 My Fellow Americans: Nuclear weapons and the possibility of nuclear war are facts of life we cannot ignore today. I do not believe that war can solve any of the problems facing the world today. But the decision is not ours alone. The government is moving to improve the protection afforded you in your communities through civil defense. We have begun, and will be continuing throughout the next year and a half, a survey of all public buildings with fallout shelter potential, and the marking of those with adequate shelter for 50 persons or more. We are providing fallout shelter in new and in some existing federal buildings. We are stocking these shelters with one week’s food and medical supplies and two weeks’ water supply for the shelter occupants. In addition, I have recommended to the Congress the establishment of food reserves in centers around the country where they might be needed following an attack. Finally, we are developing improved warning systems which will make it possible to sound attack warning on buzzers right in your homes and places of business.
More comprehensive measures than these lie ahead, but they cannot be brought to completion in the immediate future. In the meantime there is much that you can do to protect yourself — and in doing so strengthen your nation.
I urge you to read and consider seriously the contents in this issue of LIFE. The security of our country and the peace of the world are the objectives of our policy. But in these dangerous days when both these objectives are threatened we must prepare for all eventualities. The ability to survive coupled with the will to do so therefore are essential to our country.
This exhibition coincides with the opening of the historical drama "Woman in Gold," starring Helen Mirren as Adele Bloch-Bauer's niece Maria Altmann, and Ryan Reynolds as lawyer Randol Schoenberg. The Weinstein Company is set to release the film in U.S. theaters on April 1, 2015. The film is based upon the incredible true story of how Altmann, working in collaboration with Schoenberg, successfully sued the Austrian Government for the return of five Klimt paintings seized by the Nazis from the Bloch-Bauer family townhouse in Vienna during World War II.
キャリーマラガンは先週のWSJ週末版で大きく取り上げられていました。
How Carey Mulligan Went From Ingénue to Hollywood Icon The lead in this month’s film adaptation of Thomas Hardy’s ‘Far From the Madding Crowd,’ and currently on Broadway in ‘Skylight,’ Mulligan gets her star power from her charming restraint and extraordinary care in choosing parts By RACHEL SYME April 22, 2015 10:02 a.m. ET
CAREY MULLIGAN has a new tattoo. The phrase inked on the inside of her right wrist is so tiny I have to lean in to read it as she sits across from me in the airy lobby of the Crosby Street Hotel in lower Manhattan. It’s early morning, but Mulligan, 29, has already been up for hours; she’s still on London time after having just flown here for the Broadway run of David Hare ’s Skylight. She apologizes for not eating anything—when her jet lag woke her at dawn, she ravenously ate breakfast. By the time we sit down, all she’s in the mood for is some Earl Grey tea, served the proper British way, with milk and one lump of sugar.
Her new tattoo—“Love That Overcometh”—is a reference from a film she recently finished shooting, Suffragette, which opens this fall. Co-starring Meryl Streep and Helena Bonham Carter, it tells the story of female activists who fought for the right to vote in Britain; the phrase on Mulligan’s wrist commemorates a suffragette who threw herself under the king’s horse in martyrdom to the cause. The tattoo was an impulsive act, she admits, but the line kept resonating in her head after shooting. “I texted a picture of this to everyone right after I got it,” says Mulligan. Even wearing no makeup and a slouchy blue cashmere sweater, her brown bob disheveled, she conveys a wry, impish quality immediately recognizable from her on-screen performances. “I sent it to Helena and Sarah [Gavron, Suffragette’s director], and they were like, ‘Holy s—! This movie had better be good now.’ ”
例えば４月号のテーマは「ネットワークを広げる」で、英語だとNetworking in an Effective Wayでした。TOEICでもnetworking skillsが登場しています。
Mr. Vance concluded that more emphasis should be placed on networking skills.
Networkという動詞は英語でもパーソナルではなく、仕事上の関係作りのニュアンスのようです。
（オックスフォード） network verb [intransitive] to try to meet and talk to people who may be useful to you in your work Conferences are a good place to network.
（ケンブリッジビジネス） network verb (MEET PEOPLE) › [I] to meet people who might be useful to know, especially in your job: I don't really enjoy these conferences, but they're a good opportunity to network.
また、４月号のテキストでHow’s business?と聞いて、Overall, demand has been increasing. と答えた相手に対して、以下のように答えていました。
Steep learning curve Jun A steep learning…? Louise A steep learning curve. It means I need to learn a lot in a short period of time. My job involves discussing public relations strategy with relevant departments. So I need to know about my company’s activeties.
Fei-Fei Li:Let me show you something. お見せしたいものがあります。
(Video) Girl: Okay, that's a cat sitting in a bed. The boy is petting the elephant. Those are people that are going on an airplane. That's a big airplane. ええと。ねこがベットに座っています。男の子がゾウをなでています。ひとびとが飛行機に乗ろうとしています。大きな飛行機です。
Fei-Fei Li: This is a three-year-old child describing what she sees in a series of photos. She might still have a lot to learn about this world, but she's already an expert at one very important task: to make sense of what she sees. Our society is more technologically advanced than ever. We send people to the moon, we make phones that talk to us or customize radio stations that can play only music we like. Yet, our most advanced machines and computers still struggle at this task. So I'm here today to give you a progress report on the latest advances in our research in computer vision, one of the most frontier and potentially revolutionary technologies in computer science. ３歳の子供が一連の写真で目に入ったものを描写しています。彼女はまだこの世界のことをたくさん学んでいかなければいけないでしょう。でもすでにとても重要なタスクをマスターしているのです。目に入ったものを理解するということです。現在の社会は技術的にはこれまでにないほど進歩しています。人類を月に送り、話かけてくれる電話を作り、好きな音楽だけをかけるラジオ局をカスタマイズしています。それでも、最先端の機械やコンピュータでもこのタスクに苦労しているのです。今日お話しさせていただくのは、コンピュータビジョンという分野での最新研究の進捗報告です。この研究は最も開拓の進んでいない分野の一つで、コンピュータ科学に革命を起こす可能性のある技術でもあります。
Fei-Fei Li: Yes, we have prototyped cars that can drive by themselves, but without smart vision, they cannot really tell the difference between a crumpled paper bag on the road, which can be run over, and a rock that size, which should be avoided. We have made fabulous megapixel cameras, but we have not delivered sight to the blind. Drones can fly over massive land, but don't have enough vision technology to help us to track the changes of the rainforests. Security cameras are everywhere, but they do not alert us when a child is drowning in a swimming pool. Photos and videos are becoming an integral part of global life. They're being generated at a pace that's far beyond what any human, or teams of humans, could hope to view, and you and I are contributing to that at this TED. Yet our most advanced software is still struggling at understanding and managing this enormous content. So in other words, collectively as a society, we're very much blind, because our smartest machines are still blind. 確かに、我々は自律走行の自動車のプロトタイプをすでに作っていますが、スマートビジョンなしには道路によれよれの紙袋があるが、そのまま進んでもいいのか、それとも、岩があってよけなければいけないのか判断できないのです。精細なメガピクセルのカメラをすでに作っていますが、目の見えないものに視界を与えることにはなっていないのです。ドローンは広大な土地を飛行することができますが、十分な画像処理技術がありません。ですから熱帯雨林の変化をトラッキングするには役立てることはまだできません。監視カメラばどこにでもありますが、子供がプールで溺れた時に警告を発することはないのです。写真やビデオは世界のどこでも生活にかかせないものとなっています。写真やビデオはものすごいペースで作成されていて、人間が、何人もの人間が見たいと望んでいるものよりもはるかに多いです。皆さんと私はこのTEDでそれに貢献しているところですね。それでも最先端のソフトウェアでもこの膨大なコンテンツを理解・管理することに苦労しているところなのです。別の言葉で言えば、社会全体として、目がまったく見えていない状態なのです。最も高性能の機械でも目が見えていないからです。
(Wikipedia) Orpheus Descending is a play by Tennessee Williams. It was first presented on Broadway in 1957 where it enjoyed a brief run (68 performances) with only modest success.[1] It was revived on Broadway in 1989, directed by Peter Hall and starring Vanessa Redgrave and Kevin Anderson. This production ran for 13 previews and 97 performances.[2] （中略） When Orpheus Descending appeared in 1957, Williams wrote, "[o]n the surface it was and still is the tale of a wild-spirited boy who wanders into a conventional community of the South and creates the commotion of a fox in a chicken coop. But beneath that now familiar surface it is a play about unanswered questions that haunt the hearts of people and the difference between continuing to ask them...and the acceptance of prescribed answers that are not answers at all."
劇での印象的なセリフの一つである、these little birds don’t have no legs at all so they have to live their whole lives on the wing. And they sleep on the wind.と足のない鳥について語っている場所です。
（引用元サイト） Valentine ‘Snakeskin’ Xavier: It’s a kind that don’t belong no place at all. There’s a kind of bird that don’t have any legs so it can’t alight on nothing. So it has to spend its whole life on its wings in the air. I seen one, once. It died and fell to earth. And its body was light blue colored. And it was just as tiny as your little finger. And it was so light in the palm of your hand that it didn’t weigh more than a feather. And its wings spread out that wide. And you could see right through them. That’s why the hawks don’t catch them. . .because they don’t see ’em. They don’t see ’em way up in that high blue sky near the sun. Lady Torrance: What about in gray weather? Valentine ‘Snakeskin’ Xavier: They fly so high, in gray weather, the hawks, they’d get dizzy. See, these little birds don’t have no legs at all so they have to live their whole lives on the wing. And they sleep on the wind. That’s what they do, they just. . . they just spread their wings out and go to sleep on the wind. And they only alight on this earth but one time. . .it’s when they die.
（ロングマン） Orpheus and Eurydice in ancient Greek stories, a husband and wife who love each other very much. When Eurydice died, Orpheus was so upset that he followed her down into Hades (=the place under the ground where the spirits of dead people live) and sang to the king and queen there. They allowed Eurydice to leave so long as Orpheus did not look back to see if she was following him. He did look back, however, and so she had to return to Hades. Many stories, plays, and pieces of music have been based on this story.
Words checked = [916] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [86%]
The bloodless spirits wept as he spoke, accompanying his words with the music. Tantalus did not reach for the ever-retreating water: Ixion’s wheel was stilled: the vultures did not pluck at Tityus’s liver: the Belides, the daughters of Danaüs, left their water jars: and you, Sisyphus, perched there, on your rock. Then they say, for the first time, the faces of the Furies were wet with tears, won over by his song: the king of the deep, and his royal bride, could not bear to refuse his prayer, and called for Eurydice.
She was among the recent ghosts, and walked haltingly from her wound. The poet of Rhodope received her, and, at the same time, accepted this condition, that he must not turn his eyes behind him, until he emerged from the vale of Avernus, or the gift would be null and void.
They took the upward path, through the still silence, steep and dark, shadowy with dense fog, drawing near to the threshold of the upper world. Afraid she was no longer there, and eager to see her, the lover turned his eyes. In an instant she dropped back, and he, unhappy man, stretching out his arms to hold her and be held, clutched at nothing but the receding air. Dying a second time, now, there was no complaint to her husband (what, then, could she complain of, except that she had been loved?). She spoke a last ‘farewell’ that, now, scarcely reached his ears, and turned again towards that same place.
Words checked = [679] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [84%] The birds, lamenting, cried for you, Orpheus; the crowd of wild creatures; the hard flints; the trees that often gathered to your song, shedding their leaves, mourned you with bared crowns. They say the rivers, also, were swollen with their own tears, and the naiads and dryads, with dishevelled hair, put on sombre clothes. The poet’s limbs were strewn in different places: the head and the lyre you, Hebrus, received, and (a miracle!) floating in midstream, the lyre lamented mournfully; mournfully the lifeless tongue murmured; mournfully the banks echoed in reply. And now, carried onward to the sea, they left their native river-mouth and reached the shores of Lesbos, at Methymna. Here, as the head lay exposed on the alien sand, its moist hair dripping brine, a fierce snake attacked it. But at last Phoebus came, and prevented it, as it was about to bite, and turned the serpent’s gaping jaws to stone, and froze the mouth, wide open, as it was. The ghost of Orpheus sank under the earth, and recognised all those places it had seen before; and, searching the fields of the Blessed, he found his wife again and held her eagerly in his arms. There they walk together side by side; now she goes in front, and he follows her; now he leads, and looks back as he can do, in safety now, at his Eurydice.’
Frontier Touring regret to advise that on Doctor’s orders Sam Smith has been forced to cancel all remaining dates for his Australian tour, including an appearance at the 57th TV WEEK Logie Awards.
Sam Smith said of the cancellation:
“I AM DEEPLY, DEEPLY SADDENED TO TELL MY AUSTRALIAN FANS, I HAVE TO CANCEL MY AUSTRALIAN TOUR. I HAVE BEEN VOCALLY EXHAUSTED FOR A WHILE NOW HOWEVER LAST NIGHT IN SYDNEY I HAD A SMALL HAEMORRHAGE ON MY VOCAL CHORDS. THE DOCTORS HAVE TOLD ME I NEED TO FULLY REST UNTIL MY VOCAL CORDS HAVE HEALED, OTHERWISE THIS COULD BECOME A HUGE LONG-TERM ISSUE. I AM SO SORRY TO ALL WHO HAVE BOUGHT TICKETS, I TRULY AM. THIS KILLS ME.”
Frontier Touring are working with Sam and his team to schedule a new tour for December 2015. New dates will be announced very shortly.
冒頭の文の残念なお知らせを伝えるときの切り出し方を確認しておきます。
Frontier Touring regret to advise that on Doctor’s orders Sam Smith has been forced to cancel all remaining dates for his Australian tour
ポイントは以下の３点でしょうか。
(1) 切り出し方 (2) 原因 (3) 止むを得ない感じを出す
(1) 切り出し方 Frontier Touring regret to advise that TOEICでは動詞informが使われていましたが、おなじみの表現ですね。パート４でのフライトキャンセルのアナウンスの冒頭です。
Ladies and gentlemen, we regret to inform you that the 10 A.M. National Airlines flight from Philadelphia to Seattle has been canceled.
使われていた動詞adviseに関してはPlease be advised that …での通知パターンもおさえておきたいです。TOEICにあったのは以下の文。
Also, please be advised that due to engine trouble, departing Train 55 to Vermont is not yet ready to receive passengers.
Please be advised that …があるなら、Please be informed that …もあるはずですよね。TOEICでは今のところ使われていませんでしたが、Cebu Pacific Airによるフライトキャンセルの通知で使われている例が以下です。 ADVISORY: Please be informed that the following flights have been cancelled today due to bad weather: 5J 383/384 MNL-Cagayan de Oro-MNL 5J 395D/396D MNL-Cagayan de Oro-MNL 5J 205D/206D CEB-Cagayan de Oro-CEB 5J 844 ZAM-Cagayan de Oro 5J 204 Cagayan de Oro-CEB Affected passengers will be accommodated on the next available flights. We always place the safety of our passengers on top priority. Thanks for bearing with us and see you on-board soon!
(2)原因 on Doctor’s orders コンサートを楽しみにしていた人にとっては突然の中止は納得いかないもの。原因を知りたくなるものですよね。詳しい説明はサムスミス本人のコメントでされていますが、冒頭の文でもon Doctor’s ordersと原因を明記しています。 on Doctor’s ordersは日本語でいう「ドクターストップ」のようで和英辞典でも紹介されています。
（プログレッシブ） ドクターストップ｜〔ボクシングで〕the stopping of a fight by a (ring) physician; 〔一般に〕a doctor's orders not to ((do something)) • ドクターストップがかかった〔ボクシングで〕 • The doctor stopped the fight. • 今夜は酒が飲めない．ドクターストップがかかっている I can't [mustn't] drink tonight. Doctor's orders.
先ほどのフライトキャンセルの文でthe following flights have been cancelled today due to bad weatherとあったようにdue toで原因をのべるのがオーソドックスではあるのでしょうね。
(3) 止むを得ない感じを出す Sam Smith has been forced to cancel 相手に不利益になるようなことをしてしまう場合、本意ではないこともあわせて伝えたいものですよね。そんなときにbe forced to doなんてのはいいですね。
TOEICでは通知文ではありませんが、以下のような文がありました。この文でもdue toがあります。やはり止むを得ないことを伝える文では原因を触れておかないと納得感が出ません。 Last week, local commuters were forced to find alternative routes, due to fallen trees on Route 309.
もちろんbe forced to doではなくて、普通にhave to doでもいいのでしょう。要は「そうせざるを得ない」という感じが出るようにすることでしょう。Marina & The Diamondsという音楽グループのキャンセルの通知ではhave to doが使われています。また原因はas節で説明しています。
We regret to inform that we have to cancel our January & February tour dates as our recording schedule has shifted, we will be looking to reschedule soon.
さて、普通の人は払い戻し方法は流してしまう箇所ですが、TOEIC歴が長くなるとこの部分を楽しみにしてしまうかもしれません。Patrons that purchased by Cash/Eftposとチケット購入客に対してpatronという単語が使われていますね。劇場でのお客を指すpatronはTOEICでも登場しています。 Cancelled show ticket holders who purchased their tickets from the authorised outlets of Ticketek and Ticketmaster will be offered a first purchase option on the new tour.
Refunds to all remaining scheduled shows, as listed below, are available as follows: Ticketek: Credit Card | Tickets purchased by credit card will be refunded within the 7 days. Cash & Eftpos | Patrons that purchased by Cash/Eftpos will be contacted with instructions on how to obtain their refund. Refund information will also be posted here: http://premier.ticketek.com.au/shows/show.aspx?sh=SAMSMITH15
Ticketmaster: If you booked online, over the phone or at a Ticketmaster outlet with a credit card, we’re sending the funds back to the credit card you used to purchase the tickets. It can take some time to process, so please give us up to 7 days to process your refund before you start to worry.
この注意書きではrefundという単語が名詞でも動詞でも使われています。
（名詞）Refunds to all remaining scheduled shows (…) are available.
（動詞）Tickets purchased by credit card will be refunded
払い戻しにかかる日数を伝えている文のバリエーションです。一番上は単に手続きを述べている感じで、二番目は相手に伝えている感じ。三番目はフレンドリーに丁寧に説明している感じですね。 Tickets purchased by credit card will be refunded within the 7 days.
Please allow seven days for the refund to come through.
It can take some time to process, so please give us up to 7 days to process your refund before you start to worry.
（ロングマン） hands-on doing something yourself rather than just talking about it or telling other people to do it: a chance to get some hands-on experience of the job He has a very hands-on approach to management.
（ケンブリッジビジネス） hands-on 1. [workplace] directly involved in making decisions about the way in which things should be done: As a manager, she was always very hands-on. a hands-on approach
2. relating to or providing experience of something: On the course, the youth learn various job skills in a hands-on learning environment. hands-on education/learning/training The technical college offers hands-on training for students who want to learn the building trades.
（ロングマン） hands-off a hands-off way of organizing something involves letting people do what they want and make their own decisions, without telling them what to do: a hands-off style of management The government has a hands-off approach to the industry.
Seymour Hersh のThe Dark Side of Camelotなどを読んでケネディには影の部分があることは理解しているつもりですが、展示会を見るとやはり、憧れのカッコイイ大統領でした。
歴史的評価はわかりませんが、ケネディ大統領が公民権について語ったスピーチが他の有名なスピーチとともに展示会で流されていました。時代的には、キング牧師のあの有名なI have a dream演説はケネディ政権下のものだったのですね。
この演説を訳してくださっているブログがあるので、全文を参照されたい方はそちらをアクセスいただくとして、Black Lives matterと言わなければいけない状況がなんとなくわかる部分がありました。this is a land of the free except for the Negroes, we have no second-class citizens except Negroes という部分です。Negroと呼んでいることに違和感を感じますが当時は別に差別的な含意はなかったということでしょう。
（5分 25秒） We preach freedom around the world, and we mean it, and we cherish our freedom here at home, but are we to say to the world, and much more importantly, to each other that this is a land of the free except for the Negroes; that we have no second-class citizens except Negroes; that we have no class or cast system, no ghettoes, no master race except with respect to Negroes?
最新号のTIMEは1968年のバルチモアの暴動を取り上げ、あれから変わったのかという問いかけのものでした。Tavis Smileyのエッセイも１９６７年のキング牧師のBeyond Vietnamというスピーチを取り上げていました。彼はキング牧師がスピーチで脅威だと語っていたRacism, poverty and militarismが2015年になっても脅威であり続けることに警鐘を鳴らしています。
On April 4, 1967, Martin Luther King Jr. gave the most controversial speech of his life, “Beyond Vietnam.” A year later to the day, almost to the hour, he was assassinated. In that speech he had pointed out a triple threat facing America: racism, poverty and militarism. In 2015, what are the issues still threatening our democracy? Racism. Poverty. Militarism.
（ロングマン） in good/safe/capable etc hands You can be sure your children are in good hands. The fear is that nuclear secrets could fall into the wrong hands. ! Do not say 'in the hand of' someone. Say in the hands of someone.
この表現でアメリカで一番よく使われたのがある保険会社の宣伝のスローガンだったのですね。 Allstateと言う保険会社が、You are in Good Hands with Allstateと言うスローガンで何十年も使われている表現なのです。
あなたは良い（両）手の中にいます、と言う表現をして、両手で暖かく包み込んだような状態にいると言うことから「安全なところにいます」「私たちの手で危険から・問題から防ぎます」「心配しなくて大丈夫です」「任せてください」と言うようなフィーリングを出している表現なのですね。 捨てられていた子猫を両手の中に入れて（水をすくうときのように広げて）その子猫に向かって「もう大丈夫だよ」と言っている場面をイメージできますか? その「大丈夫だよ」がDon't worry, you are now in good hands.なのですね。
下記のCMでは会社としての応対なので、May I help you?ではなくMay we help you?となっていますね。イディオム的な表現はイメージとして理解した方が、わかりやすいですね。
公式問題集のvol6でANS mattersというarticle問題がTest 1のパート7にあったのですが、その雑感です。ANSというのは会社名で、We are proud to welcome Dr. Albert Christal to ANS Chemical Corporation.と記事が始まっているので、社内報だと推測できます。
ANS mattersというのは社内報のタイトルというのがYutaの解釈です。この場合のmattersはANSという会社の出来事という意味でしょうか。公式問題集のWords & Phrasesでは「matters 現況、事情」としています。
(ウィズダム) legal [business] matters 法律的[仕事の上の]事項
ここで思い起こしたのは、2014年のword of the yearになったBlack Lives Matterという言葉。４月の タイムの表紙でも使われたばかりです。こちらはblack lives（黒人の命＝生活）が主語でmatterは動詞で「重要である」「大事である」とう意味になります。
Education Matters Education Matters is an informative, valuable resource for decision makers of both Primary and Secondary schools Australia-wide.
Communication Matters Communication Matters is the quarterly magazine published by NZSTA for Speech-language Therapists and others who are interested in knowing what is happening within the profession.
Blues Matters Blues Matters is published 6 times per year and has a £5.00 cover price for each 132 page issue.
Faithmatters faithmatters is an evangelistic magazine which is UK written, published and distributed to the general public free of charge. The magazine is paid for by local churches, organisations or individuals when they order them.
In Family Matters, the title's obvious double entendre speaks not only of the duties and responsibilities, the matters of a family workings, but also of how much we finally realize our family does matter to us.
（出版社による紹介） Fiona Maye is a leading High Court judge, presiding over cases in the family court. She is renowned for her fierce intelligence, exactitude and sensitivity. But her professional success belies private sorrow and domestic strife. There is the lingering regret of her childlessness, and now, her marriage of thirty years is in crisis.
At the same time, she is called on to try an urgent case: for religious reasons, a beautiful seventeen-year-old boy, Adam, is refusing the medical treatment that could save his life, and his devout parents share his wishes. Time is running out. Should the secular court overrule sincerely held faith? In the course of reaching a decision Fiona visits Adam in hospital – an encounter which stirs long-buried feelings in her and powerful new emotions in the boy. Her judgment has momentous consequences for them both.
先ほどの記事に絡めると、McEwanもまず読むことの大切さを伝えていました。創作講座が花盛りだけと、学部生にはまだ早いそんなのはa vehicle for mass ignoranceと辛口に評価しています。
One of the aspects that alarms me is undergraduate writing programs. It seems too soon to me. Seems like a vehicle for mass ignorance. People are needed reading. Writers need to read. So I would say any creative writing programs really should be for graduates. It shouldn’t be a course for undergraduates.
If you don’t read as a novelist, you’re liable to be hugely influenced by the writers you haven’t read. It’s a strange, and pernicious, visible and rather mysterious matter that you can be in the grip of writers that you have plucked from the air without fully understand where you got them from. Only by reading can you isolate these sources and at least write pastiche or at least be conscious of what you’re doing.
「とくに年若い時期には、一冊でも多くの本を手に取る必要があります。」という村上春樹の若者へのアドバイスを以前紹介させていただきました。今週号TIMEの10 Questionsに登場したHarold BloomもWriters are, in the first place, readers.と村上春樹と同じようなことを言っていました。
Do you worry that people will stop reading? We live in an age of visual overstimulation. Between the pernicious screen, whether television or motion pictures or computers, and all of their fallouts like BlackBerrys and that sort of stuff–they destroy the ability to read well.
So how can writers fight against that? Writers are, in the first place, readers. I tell every writer I’ve ever known, either they are deep readers or they cannot become real writers. Read only the best and most challenging and traditional. And reread it.
Are you familiar with the websites that provide reviews by common readers? Their effect upon the mind is not good. They do not enlarge and make the mind more keen and independent. Reading is not in that sense a democratic process. It’s elitist. It has to be elitist.
Reading is not in that sense a democratic process. It’s elitist. It has to be elitist.というところまでYutaは共感できませんが、まず読書ありきというWriters are, in the first place, readers.というコンセプトは胸に刻んでおきたいです。なにせGW期間中読み切れたのは一冊だけでしたから（汗）
Sometimes it’s the very people who no one imagines anything of, who do the things that no one can imagine
映画レビューではIt’s X thatの強調構文になっていますが、映画ではカンバーバッチもナイトレイも使っているのはwhoなんですね。上記の動画のようにwhoの前にカンマを入れてくれるとthe people do the thingsが強調構文になったのかと推測しやすくなります。
下記のslateの記事で、It would seem too clunky a slogan to bear recycling, but Turing will later repeat it more or less verbatim to Joan Clarkeと長ったらしいこのセリフが繰り返されたことを指摘しているところです。
“Sometimes it’s the people no one imagines anything of who do the things no one can imagine,” Alan Turing’s only friend at boarding school tells him in one of several flashbacks to the mathematician’s early teen years. (Young Turing is played by Alex Lawther, his first crush by Jack Bannon.) It would seem too clunky a slogan to bear recycling, but Turing will later repeat it more or less verbatim to Joan Clarke (Keira Knightley), the crossword-puzzle prodigy who becomes the only female member of his wartime codebreaking team and, briefly, his fiancée.
the characters ostensibly talking to each other but actually addressing the audienceと下記のレビュがー書いていますが、どれも説明口調ですよね。。。
So here’s the standard biopic structure worked ruthlessly: a present narrative level taking us back to the great days of the story with, beyond that, a tidy explanation in childhood inserted at key moments. Moreover, the actual dialogue is little better than a series of bullet-points, the characters ostensibly talking to each other but actually addressing the audience. “We’re going to break an unbreakable Nazi code and win the war!” Turing says. Then again: “You will never understand the importance of what I am creating here!” And so forth. There’s even a mouthful of a mantra repeated three times to help us grasp the movie’s theme: “Sometimes it’s the very people no one can imagine anything of that do the things no one can imagine...” Got that?
（中略）
Together they are well worth seeing — and, simplified and conventionalised though it may be, this has to be accounted the most compelling dramatisation of Turing’s story yet. Maybe take a look at the biography afterwards?
But it's the script which may prevent this hitting the Oscars jackpot. It's too formulaic, too efficient at simply whisking you through and making sure you've clocked the diversity message.: without square pegs – like those played by Cumberbatch and Knightley – the world would be by far the poorer.
"Sometimes it is the people no one imagines anything of that do the things no one can imagine," runs the movie's mouthful tagline. It leaves a strange taste. Turing's treatment was terrible. Perhaps his achievement, in the end, should not be tainted by association.
PROFILE of Japanesefilm actress Hideko Takamine. She was the favorite actress of Mikio Naruse & Keisuke Kinoshita, two of the most esteemed directors of the postwar period. In Japan, at that time, where her films were often set, her heroines encountered bonecrushing disappointment. The kinds of roles she played fit the times. Her film career began when she was 5. She was selected for a role in the film "Mother" which broke booking records when it was first shown in 1929. She has always felt at home with Japan's "shomin", the people of the lower middle class. Writer met Hideko for the first time last October at a film institute in Tokyo. She made her last film "Oh My Son!", directed by Kinoshita, in 1979, & considers herself retired. At 65 Takamine was impeccably dressed & coiffed. She has to fend off fans wherever she alights. She has a reputation for extreme forthrightness, which is not always admired in Japan. She was born in Hokkaido in 1924. She was adopted by an ambitious aunt after her mother died when Takamine was 4. She appeared in about 100 films as a child. She had no formal education for which she blames her mother. Despite this she is self-taught & has written a number of books. Numerous relatives sponged on her for years. To earn more she modelled for advertisements. Tells about a number of her films. She had a brief fling with director Akira Kurosawa. She met her husband, Zenzo Matsuyama, an assistant director, while filming "Twenty-four Eyes" in 1954. They were married in 1955. They have made several films together.
連休半ばでだれてきたので、喝を入れるためにもこれから読む本を宣言させてもらいます。Thirteen Days in Septemberを読んだ後の勢いで買った本だったのですが、積読になっていました（汗）ちょうどWSJにも書評が出ていたので読まなくちゃという気になったのです。５００ページを超える本で内容も堅いので時間のあるゴールデンウイーク中じゃないと読み切る自信がありません（苦笑）
Between 1917 and 1947 in Mandate Palestine, the Irgun and its splinter group, the Lehi, were determined to oust the British and establish Jewish independence by whatever means necessary. Bruce Hoffman ’s “Anonymous Soldiers” is a gripping narrative history of that struggle. Its major contribution is to demonstrate that the Irgun-led insurgency played a larger role in paving the way for Israel’s founding than we previously believed.
Until now, we knew the story of the state’s founding by its familiar diplomatic turning points—the 1937 Peel Commission, which recommended the partition of Palestine between Arab and Jew; the 1939 White Paper, which abandoned partition and severely restricted Jewish immigration to Palestine; and the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, which called for the immediate immigration of 100,000 Jews. In Mr. Hoffman’s retelling, these familiar signposts are there, but he focuses on a series of security shocks brought about by terrorist attacks—the murder of Lord Moyne in Cairo in 1944, the bombing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem in 1946, and the lynching of two British sergeants in 1947.
Bruce Hoffman, the director of the Center for Security Studies at Georgetown University and a senior fellow at the United States Military Academy’s Combating Terrorism Center, uses the story of the Irgun as a test case. At a time when terrorism seems to have an increasing and devastating effect on the course of history, Hoffman’s opening question is riveting: “Does terrorism work?” His answer is that in contrast to what most governments claim, terrorists can attain at least some of their fundamental aims, provided they operate under “the right conditions and with the appropriate strategy and tactics.” Indeed less than two years after the attack on the King David, the British were gone and the State of Israel was in existence. This sequence of events is misleading, however. Terrorism may work, as Hoffman suggests in this thought-provoking book, but to prove his contention, more solid evidence is needed than the case of the Irgun in Palestine.
The audience applauded. Convened as Israel was fighting Hizbullah in Lebanon, the participants took great pains to distinguish between terror groups and freedom fighters. Former prime minister and current Likud MK Binyamin Netanyahu, popular as ever at the conference, said, "The difference is expressed in the fact that the terrorists intend to harm civilians whereas legitimate combatants try to avoid that." "Imagine that Hamas or Hizbullah would call the military headquarters in Tel Aviv and say, 'We have placed a bomb and we are asking you to evacuate the area.' They don't do that. That is the difference." "The warning was given early enough," insisted Menachem Begin in the same clip.
（法律事務所の議事録） Roberta Alvarez gave an update on the current search for two new associates.
（クレジットカードのカード保有者への通知） Once you report a loss, a Comtex credit associate will set up a claim file for you and send you a claim form.
（法律事務所での留守番電話） If your call is urgent, please leave a message after the tone—our associate Catherine Walsh is checking our voice-mail system regularly and will be able to relay your message.
以下の文章はパート５なので文脈はわかりませんが、travel for businessとあるので営業社員が念頭にありそうです。
To save time and costs, Alberta Industries recommends that any associates who travel for business minimize the amount of luggage they carry.
So much more than a job Discover the benefits of belonging to our global family. It’s why so many of our associates come for a job, but stay for a career—because this is a place where you can feel at home. And it’s why so many associates refer friends and family members for Marriott jobs—because here, each of us can truly be ourselves.
以下の基本理念では“Take care of your employees and they’ll take care of the guests”と"Take care of associates and they will take care of the customers."とemployeeとassociateが全く同じように使われていますね。
Our Core Values and Culture “Take care of your employees and they’ll take care of the guests” was the philosophy of our founder. At Marriott, caring for people and the community is part of who we are. Learn about our heritage and our five core values.
"Take care of associates and they will take care of the customers." This is our founder’s philosophy and it has made Marriott International a great place to work for more than 85 years. Our people first culture has consistently earned us awards and recognition around the globe. Giving associates opportunities to grow and succeed is part of the company’s DNA.
What's the difference between an "employee" and an "associate"? I've noticed in recent years that many stores have posted signs which refer to their retail workers as "associates" rather than "employees". Is there an actual difference between the two positions (i.e. does an associate have better pay or benefits, is harder to fire, etc.), or is it just some new euphemism for the same good old fashioned wage slave?
Best Answer: No difference. It's just a euphemism. 'Employee' means 'someone who works for me. 'Associate' means 'someone who works -with- me. But whether your boss calls you one or the other, you are still working -for- him.
もう少し詳しく説明しているサイトもあります。企業によって使い方も変わるので一概には言えないのですが、associateは下のランクの社員ですがstaffと違い出世の可能性が開かれているそうです。また、a few companies call all of their low-ranking employees “associates” instead of something like “workers” or “employees,” as a way to insinuate that they value these employees.と単にworkerやemployeeと同義で使う会社もあると伝えています。
In Corporate Culture In the corporate cultures of the private sector, the word “associate” usually appears as a qualifier to a job title. It indicates a lower rank than that of employees whose job titles don’t include it. This occurs with junior employees such as “associate office assistants,” middle employees such as “associate managers” and very senior employees such as “associate vice presidents.” Separately, a few companies call all of their low-ranking employees “associates” instead of something like “workers” or “employees,” as a way to insinuate that they value these employees. Meanwhile, the word “staff” when it appears in corporate culture usually refers to an in-house employee as opposed to a temp worker or an independent contractor. Sometimes it refers to a full-time employee as opposed to a part-time one.
In Law In the legal profession, the difference between staff and associate attorneys lies mainly in the prospect of career advancement. Staff attorneys mainly do work in support of more senior attorneys. In particular, they spend a lot of time sorting through legal documents to pick out the ones that pertain to a specific case. They don’t have good prospects for career advancement and don’t get paid as well as their associate counterparts, usually working on a contract and earning an hourly wage rather than a salary. In contrast, associate attorneys constitute a core part of the law firm and have much better advancement prospects. Although they do plenty of document review, they also get the chance to confer with clients and argue in court. Associates tend to get paid a salary rather than an hourly wage, and may be in line to be promoted to “partner,” one of the senior members of their firm.
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Generalizations Generally speaking, an “associate”-level job suggests a worker who can be promoted from the associate level to something fuller. Associate workers usually belong to the organization’s staff or have the chance to be promoted into it. A “staff”-level job generally suggests a typical in-house employee for an organization as opposed to an outside worker. Staff-level workers may or may not have good prospects for career advancement, depending on the context. When the two words appear together in a job title, such as “associate staff engineer,” it suggests a junior version of a relatively senior or permanent rank.
Oyez. Oyez. Oyez. On this day, the 2nd of May in the year of 2015, we welcome with humble duty the second born of the Royal Highnesses, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge. The princess is fourth in line to the throne. May her princess be long lived, happy and glorious and one day long to reign over us. God save the queen.
Outside the gates of the Lindo Wing at St. Mary's Hospital in London, Appleton, 80, rang a bell and loudly welcomed the new royal arrival to hundreds of onlookers.
"On this day, the second of May, the year 2015, we welcome with humble duty, the second born of their royal highnesses, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge," Appleton announced, according to video from the BBC.
He was clad in traditional crier garb, wearing an adorned red coat and tri-cornered black hat, complete with white feathers.
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"I'm an official town crier, but I wasn't employed by the Palace," Appleton told Seattle radio station KJR at the time. He added that he hadn't heard from anyone in the royal family expressing displeasure
英語版のタイトルは単純にExamining war responsibilityとするのではなく、From Marco Polo Bridge to Pearl Harbor:Who was responsible?と英語の読者に訴えられるようなタイトルになっていますね。想定する読者が変われば、訴える方法も変える必要があることの一例ですね。
なぜ『検証 戦争責任』を再公開するのか Why now is the time to revisit our series on examining responsibility for the war
今年は戦後７０年の節目の年にあたり、戦前・戦中に関する歴史認識について国内外で話題にのぼる場面が増えてきている。 As 2015 marks the 70th year since the end of World War II, there are increasing opportunities at home and abroad to address the subject of how to view Japan’s prewar and wartime history.
安倍首相は今夏に首相談話を出す予定である。戦後５０年の村山首相談話、戦後６０年の小泉首相談話で示された過去への反省を継承しつつ、戦後７０年の平和国家としての歩みを踏まえて、国際協調主義や積極的平和主義といった「未来志向」のメッセージを国内外に発信する内容になる見通しという。 Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is scheduled to issue a statement this summer as the nation’s top political leader. While mindful of Japan’s soul-searching on its wartime past as demonstrated 50 year after the war’s end in a statement by then Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama as well as on the 60th anniversary by then Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi, the forthcoming statement by Prime Minister Abe is expected to deliver Japan’s messages both at home and overseas centering around such “future-oriented” principles as international cooperation and proactive contribution to peace, on the basis of the path the nation has followed in the seven decades since the war as a peace-loving country.
未来志向の談話の前提として、戦前・戦中に対する反省をしっかりと踏まえる必要があることは言うまでもない。 Needless to say, it is a prerequisite for a future-oriented discourse to properly take into account our reflection on Japan’s conduct before and during the war.
読売新聞社はちょうど１０年前の２００５年、渡辺恒雄グループ本社会長・主筆の提唱により、社内に「戦争責任検証委員会」を設置した。検証委員会は、満州事変から日中戦争、太平洋戦争に至る原因や経過、さらには当時の政治・軍事指導者たちの責任の所在について検証作業を行い、約１年かけて本紙紙面に特集記事の形で掲載した。紙面に掲載された内容は、０６年に中央公論新社から『検証 戦争責任』と題して書籍化され、その後、英語版と中国語版も刊行されている。 In 2005, just 10 years ago, The Yomiuri Shimbun established an in-house investigative panel ― the War Responsibility Reexamination Committee ― to address this task, following a proposal made by Tsuneo Watanabe, chairman of the board and editor-in-chief of The Yomiuri Shimbun Holdings. The panel explored the Manchurian Incident and the subsequent expansion of conflict into the Sino-Japanese War that eventually led to the outbreak of the Pacific War, while it also reexamined the responsibility of the war era’s political and military leaders. The findings of the reexamination were published, over a period of about one year, in the form of special feature articles in The Yomiuri Shimbun. The articles carried in the newspaper were compiled into a book, “Kensho: Senso Sekinin” (Examining war responsibility), published by Chuokoron-Shinsha, Inc. in 2006. Later, English and Chinese editions were also published.
あれから１０年。ふたたび歴史認識をめぐる議論が活発になっているときだからこそ、読売新聞社が『検証 戦争責任』で指摘した内容をウェブ上で再公開することは、戦後７０年を考えるうえで有益な素材を提供することになると考え、ここに特設サイトを設けることにした。 Ten years have passed since then. With the discussion of how to view history intensifying again, The Yomiuri Shimbun believes that once again making public what we pointed out in this book will provide the public with useful food for thought concerning the 70 years since the end of the war. With this belief, we have established a special website for the book.
『検証 戦争責任』の再公開によって、歴史問題に関する議論が深まり、実りあるものとなることを期待する。 We hope our making the book public once again on the website will help the public discussion on historical issues become deeper and more fruitful. April 2015
TPP In this way, prosperity was fostered first by the U.S., and second by Japan. And prosperity is nothing less than the seedbed for peace. こうして米国が、次いで日本が育てたものは、繁栄です。そして繁栄こそは、平和の苗床です。
Involving countries in Asia-Pacific whose backgrounds vary, the U.S. and Japan must take the lead. We must take the lead to build a market that is fair, dynamic, sustainable, and is also free from the arbitrary intentions of any nation. 日本と米国がリードし、生い立ちの異なるアジア太平洋諸国に、いかなる国の恣意的な思惑にも左右されない、フェアで、ダイナミックで、持続可能な市場をつくりあげなければなりません。
In the Pacific market, we cannot overlook sweat shops or burdens on the environment. Nor can we simply allow free riders on intellectual property. 太平洋の市場では、知的財産がフリーライドされてはなりません。過酷な労働や、環境への負荷も見逃すわけにはいかない。 No. Instead, we can spread our shared values around the world and have them take root: the rule of law, democracy, and freedom. That is exactly what the TPP is all about. 許さずしてこそ、自由、民主主義、法の支配、私たちが奉じる共通の価値を、世界に広め、根づかせていくことができます。 その営為こそが、TPPにほかなりません。
Furthermore, the TPP goes far beyond just economic benefits. It is also about our security. Long-term, its strategic value is awesome. We should never forget that. しかもTPPには、単なる経済的利益を超えた、長期的な、安全保障上の大きな意義があることを、忘れてはなりません。
The TPP covers an area that accounts for 40 per cent of the world economy, and one third of global trade. We must turn the area into a region for lasting peace and prosperity. That is for the sake of our children and our children's children. 経済規模で、世界の4割、貿易量で、世界の3分の1を占める一円に、私達の子や、孫のために、永続的な「平和と繁栄の地域」をつくりあげていかなければなりません。
As for U.S. - Japan negotiations, the goal is near. Let us bring the TPP to a successful conclusion through our joint leadership. 日米間の交渉は、出口がすぐそこに見えています。米国と、日本のリーダーシップで、TPPを一緒に成し遂げましょう。
The United States is in the final stages of negotiating the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a massive free-trade agreement with Mexico, Canada, Japan, Singapore and seven other countries. Who will benefit from the TPP? American workers? Consumers? Small businesses? Taxpayers? Or the biggest multinational corporations in the world?
One strong hint is buried in the fine print of the closely guarded draft. The provision, an increasingly common feature of trade agreements, is called “Investor-State Dispute Settlement,” or ISDS. The name may sound mild, but don’t be fooled. Agreeing to ISDS in this enormous new treaty would tilt the playing field in the United States further in favor of big multinational corporations. Worse, it would undermine U.S. sovereignty.
ISDS would allow foreign companies to challenge U.S. laws — and potentially to pick up huge payouts from taxpayers — without ever stepping foot in a U.S. court. Here’s how it would work. Imagine that the United States bans a toxic chemical that is often added to gasoline because of its health and environmental consequences. If a foreign company that makes the toxic chemical opposes the law, it would normally have to challenge it in a U.S. court. But with ISDS, the company could skip the U.S. courts and go before an international panel of arbitrators. If the company won, the ruling couldn’t be challenged in U.S. courts, and the arbitration panel could require American taxpayers to cough up millions — and even billions — of dollars in damages.
This isn’t a partisan issue. Conservatives who believe in U.S. sovereignty should be outraged that ISDS would shift power from American courts, whose authority is derived from our Constitution, to unaccountable international tribunals. Libertarians should be offended that ISDS effectively would offer a free taxpayer subsidy to countries with weak legal systems. And progressives should oppose ISDS because it would allow big multinationals to weaken labor and environmental rules.
Giving foreign corporations special rights to challenge our laws outside of our legal system would be a bad deal. If a final TPP agreement includes Investor-State Dispute Settlement, the only winners will be multinational corporations.
Words checked = [9111] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [86%]
Clinton has taken notice. Last December, she invited Warren to a private meeting at her Washington home, near Embassy Row, to hear Warren’s advice on issues such as income inequality. In recent months, members of Clinton’s policy team have consulted with Dan Geldon, one of Warren’s closest advisers, about economic policy. And a few days after Clinton’s official announcement, on April 12th, that she is running for President, she wrote a paean to Warren in Time, saying that Warren “never hesitates to hold powerful people’s feet to the fire: bankers, lobbyists, senior government officials and, yes, even presidential aspirants.”
Clinton even sounds like Warren these days, evidently hoping to fend off charges that she is a captive of Wall Street money and influence. In the video in which Clinton announced her candidacy, she says, “The deck is still stacked in favor of those at the top.” Two days later, during a stop in Iowa, she noted, “Hedge-fund managers pay lower taxes than nurses or the truckers I saw on I-80, when I was driving here over the last two days.” And in a fund-raising e-mail she wrote, “The average CEO makes 300 times what the average worker makes.”
Hi, this is Nicholas Gilbert speaking, a representative of Green Residence, a nature protection organization. I’m looking for an Italian restaurant for diner with my associates and your Web site caught my eye. Do you take reservations for diner?
（ケンブリッジビジネス） associate 1. [WORKPLACE] a business partner, or someone that you work with: He considered the possibility of a buy-out of the company with the help of business associates. a former/close/senior associate
2. Associates [plural]› ( written abbreviation Assoc) WORKPLACE used in the names of some companies that are run by a group of people: Brown & Associates Inc. are a Chicago-based investment firm.
3. a person who does a similar job to someone else but does not have all the responsibilities of the main position, or a member of an organization who does not have all the rights of a full member: Associates are entitled to use the facilities, but are not entitled to vote.
2. Associates [plural]› ( written abbreviation Assoc) WORKPLACE used in the names of some companies that are run by a group of people: Brown & Associates Inc. are a Chicago-based investment firm.
3. a person who does a similar job to someone else but does not have all the responsibilities of the main position, or a member of an organization who does not have all the rights of a full member: Associates are entitled to use the facilities, but are not entitled to vote.
McLellan Associates, the larger of the two law firms accountants at Lyang Associates Insurance specialists at Datweiler & Associates KQB Design Associates, Conference Room B schedule for May
It was a pleasure meeting you and your associates at my interview last week. I was delighted to have the opportunity to discuss my legal experience and qualifications with you, and I was very pleased when I learned from you yesterday that the firm had voted to offer me a position as an associate. However, I have decided to accept a previous offer from Chang & Associates, another firm that also specializes in patent law.
（ケンブリッジビジネス） associate used in the title of a person whose rank is slightly lower or less complete than the full official position described: an associate member of an organization associate director/producer
Thirteen Days in Septemberの本では、イスラエルのBegin首相が登場します。 動詞beginと同じスペルなので、この本の単語の頻度分析する場合面倒だろうなと思いました。Bill GatesやSteve Jobsなども、気をつけないといけないでしょうね。コーパスの分析でどのように固有名詞を除外しているのか気になります。
カーター夫妻が1973年にイスラエルを訪問した時のエピソードで以下のような記述がありました。
Rosalynn wept at the commercialization of the holy sites, but Jimmy told her it was just like that when Jesus overturned the tables of the money changers in the temple,
マタイによる福音書/ 21章 12 And Jesus went into the temple of God, and cast out all them that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the moneychangers, and the seats of them that sold doves, それから、イエスは神殿の境内に入り、そこで売り買いをしていた人々を皆追い出し、両替人の台や鳩を売る者の腰掛けを倒された。
13 And said unto them, It is written, My house shall be called the house of prayer; but ye have made it a den of thieves. そして言われた。「こう書いてある。『わたしの家は、祈りの家と呼ばれるべきである。』／ところが、あなたたちは／それを強盗の巣にしている。」
ヨハネによる福音書/ 2章 13 And the Jews' passover was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. ユダヤ人の過越祭が近づいたので、イエスはエルサレムへ上って行かれた。
14 And found in the temple those that sold oxen and sheep and doves, and the changers of money sitting: そして、神殿の境内で牛や羊や鳩を売っている者たちと、座って両替をしている者たちを御覧になった。 15 And when he had made a scourge of small cords, he drove them all out of the temple, and the sheep, and the oxen; and poured out the changers' money, and overthrew the tables; イエスは縄で鞭を作り、羊や牛をすべて境内から追い出し、両替人の金をまき散らし、その台を倒し、 16 And said unto them that sold doves, Take these things hence; make not my Father's house an house of merchandise. 鳩を売る者たちに言われた。「このような物はここから運び出せ。わたしの父の家を商売の家としてはならない。」
中東和平交渉のキャンプデービットの１３日間を描いたThirteen Days in Septemberを読んで、ようやくLawrence Wrightというジャーナリストのすごさを実感しました。彼が９１１のテロを取り上げたLooming Towerは必読書となっていますが、今まで読んだことがありませんでした（汗）ゴールデンウイークでLooming Towerも読むつもりです。
The aim of a comprehensive peace is sacrificed in order to make a separate peace, a source of endless bitterness to Carter, who felt tricked by Begin. Arafat’s judgment was withering: “Sadat has sold Jerusalem, Palestine, and the rights of the Palestinian people for a handful of Sinai sand.” The verdict is superficially persuasive. The truth, however, is that Sadat’s kind of practicality might have secured a lot more for the Palestinian people by now. Sadat’s view was clear: there was no point in keeping Sinai under Israeli domination until a solution was reached to the Palestinian problem because Israel would then cover it with settlements
The unresolved issues of Camp David have not gone away, but the success of the summit is measured by its durability. Since the signing of the treaty between Israel and Egypt in 1979, there hasn't been a single violation of the agreement. It's impossible to calculate the value of peace until war brings it to an end.
以下、きっちりと読んだ順番通りというわけではありませんが。。。
1. Age of Ambition: Chasing Fortune, Truth, and Faith in the New China Evan Osnos (著)
2. Poetic Diction: A Study in Meaning Owen Barfield(著)
3. The Meaning of Human Existence Edward O. Wilson (著)
4. The Nightingale Kristin Hannah (著)
5. The Fall of Language in the Age of English Minae Mizumura(著)
6. Hiroshima Notes Kenzaburo Oe (著)
7. Wages of Guilt: Memories of War in Germany and Japan Ian Buruma (著)
8. Hiroshima John Hersey(著)
9. Fu-Go: The Curious History of Japan's Balloon Bomb Attack on America Ross Coen(著)
10. 1945 Ian Buruma (著)
11. Brown Girl Dreaming Jacqueline Woodson(著)
12. Honeymoon Patrick Modiano(著)
13. Thirteen Days in September: Carter, Begin, and Sadat at Camp David Lawrence Wright(著)
