2013年、60周年を記念してNew General Service Listが作成されていたんですね。v1.01が最新版になるでしょうか。さっそくこのリストでOxfordとLongmanにかけてみたところ以下のような結果となりました。1000語というのは派生語などをまとめたもの。語数が多い方はreのような縮約形や複数形などの活用形も一つの単語とみなしたものです。
Words checked = [1000] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [100%]
Words checked = [3197] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [95%]
New General Service Listは無料公開されており以下のサイトからダウンロードできます。動画を参考にすれば簡単です。データの元となるcorpusもCambridge English Corpusを使ったようですね。日向先生のGSL本はどのリストをベースにしているのかわかりませんが、2013年に出たNew General Service Listなら間違いなさそうですね。
With approved use of the two billion word Cambridge English Corpus, Dr. Charles Browne, Dr. Brent Culligan and Joseph Phillips have created a New General Service List (NGSL) of important vocabulary words for students of English as a second language . The first version of this interim list was published in early 2013 and provides over 90% coverage for most general English texts (the highest of any published list of high frequency words to date with the 1.01 version of the NGSL often getting over 92% coverage). Please feel free to browse around the site, download the list in various forms, read articles about how it was created, and try out the large and growing number of free online learning tools, teaching tools, analytical tools, editing tools and EFL textbooks which make use of the NGSL.
A New General Service List: Celebrating 60 years of Vocabulary Learning In 1953, Michael West published a remarkable list of several thousand important vocabulary words known as the General Service List (GSL). Based on more than two decades of pre-computer corpus research, input from other famous early 20th century researchers such as Harold Palmer, and several vocabulary conferences sponsored by the Carnegie Foundation in the 30s, the GSL was designed to be more than simply a list of high frequency words, its primary purpose was to combine both objective and subjective criteria to come up with a list of words that would be of “general service” to learners of English as a foreign language. However, as useful and helpful as this list has been to us over the decades, it has also been criticized for (1) being based on a corpus that is considered to be both dated, (2) being too small by modern standards (the initial work on the GSL was based on a 2.5 million word corpus that was collected under a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1938), and (3) for not clearly defining what constitutes a “word”. In March of 2013, on the 60th anniversary of West’s publication of the GSL, my colleagues (Dr. Brent Culligan & Joseph Phillips of Aoyama Gakuin Women’s Junior College) and I (Dr. Charles Browne, Meiji Gakuin University) announced the creation of a New General Service List (NGSL), one that is based on a carefully selected 273 million-word subsection of the 2 billion word Cambridge English Corpus (CEC). Following many of the same steps that West and his colleagues did, we have tried to combine the strong objective scientific principles of corpus and vocabulary list creation with useful pedagogic insights to create a list of approximately 2800 high frequency words which meet the following goals: 1 to update and greatly expand the size of the corpus used (273 million words compared to the 2.5 million word corpus behind the original GSL), with the hope of increasing the generalizability and validity of the list 2 to create a list of the most important high-frequency words useful for second language learners of English, ones which gives the highest possible coverage of English texts with the fewest words possible. 3 to make a NGSL that is based on a clearer definition of what constitutes a word 4 to be a starting point for discussion among interested scholars and teachers around the world, with the goal of updating and revising the list based on this input (in much the same way that West did with the original GSL)
New General Service Listについて論考はでているのでいろいろ読んでみようと思います。とやかく言うのは早い段階かもしれませんが、OxfordやLongmanの基本語リストと重複しているものが多いということは、もしOxfordやLongmanの辞書やGraded Readersを使っているならそのまま使い続ければいいんじゃないでしょうか。基本語に限定された定義語を読むことがそのままGSLで選択した基本語の習熟につながるということですからね。
（Cultural Literacy Dictionary） Hamilton, Alexander A soldier and political leader of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Hamilton advised George Washington in the Revolutionary War, wrote most of the essays in The Federalist Papers, and was a leader in the drafting of the Constitution. He later served under Washington as the first secretary of the treasury in the new government. A Federalist, he was opposed politically by Thomas Jefferson and both politically and personally by Aaron Burr (see Jeffersonianism versus Hamiltonianism ). Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel, in which Burr killed him ( see Burr-Hamilton duel ).
（オックスフォード） Alexander Hamilton (c. 1757-1804) one of America's Founding Fathers. He fought in the American Revolution, was one of the writers of The Federalist Papers, and established and led the Federalist Party. Hamilton was the first US Secretary of the Treasury (1789-95) and established the central Bank of the United States. He died after Vice-President Aaron Burr (1756-1836) wounded him in a duel (= a fight with guns to settle a quarrel).
（ロングマン） Hamilton, Alexander (?1755-1804) a US politician who helped to write the Constitution of the United States and was the first US Secretary of the Treasury from 1789 to 1795. Alexander Hamilton's picture is printed on the US ten-dollar bill.
Jason arranged to meet the seller on a Manhattan street corner on Dec. 31. He bought two tickets for $600 as an anniversary gift for his wife. You’re going to love the show, the seller told him. It’s as good as everyone says.
Jason and his wife arrived at the Richard Rodgers Theater lobby on Jan. 2. There they remained after all the other ticket holders were seated and the show began. A woman and her date stood nearby, also locked out. The woman was crying.
They all thought they had gotten their hands on the hottest tickets in town — to “Hamilton” — but their tickets weren’t hot. They were fake.
Counterfeit tickets to events of all kinds abound. Fake tickets promising entry to everything from the Super Bowl to a humble Times Square comedy club have been described in this column. Representatives of other theaters and the Broadway League suggested that while counterfeit tickets were rare on Broadway, they had turned up at popular shows such as “The Book of Mormon” and “The Producers.”
Dress Code: There is no dress code at the theatre. For all performances, attire should be comfortable and appropriate for the occasion. The theatre is air conditioned during the summer months.
Policy for Children: All persons entering the theatre, regardless of age, must have a ticket.
Late Seating Policy: The seating procedure for latecomers varies by seat section. Generally speaking, late patrons who are seated in the front orchestra are held in the auditorium until approximately fifteen minutes after the performance begins after which time patrons are escorted directly to their seats by an usher. Video monitors displaying the performance are provided in the lobby.
Policy on Smoking: Smoking (including e-cigarettes) is prohibited in the Richard Rodgers Theatre.
Incarceration in the United States Although the United States accounts for just 5 percent of the world’s population, it holds nearly a quarter of the world’s prisoners. With around 2.2 million inmates, it incarcerates more of its citizens than any other nation. This statistic becomes even more astonishing in light of the fact that during the 1970s, there were only about 300,000 prisoners in the U.S. penal system. The rise has left correctional facilities bursting at the seams, drained the nation financially, and drawn intense criticism internationally.
The Justice Department has completed its review, and I am adopting its recommendations to reform the federal prison system. These include banning solitary confinement for juveniles and as a response to low-level infractions, expanding treatment for the mentally ill and increasing the amount of time inmates in solitary can spend outside of their cells. These steps will affect some 10,000 federal prisoners held in solitary confinement — and hopefully serve as a model for state and local corrections systems. And I will direct all relevant federal agencies to review these principles and report back to me with a plan to address their use of solitary confinement.
States that have led the way are already seeing positive results. Colorado cut the number of people in solitary confinement, and assaults against staff are the lowest they’ve been since 2006. New Mexico implemented reforms and has seen a drop in solitary confinement, with more prisoners engaging in promising rehabilitation programs. And since 2012, federal prisons have cut the use of solitary confinement by 25 percent and significantly reduced assaults on staff.
全体的な内容について触れている部分は以下になるでしょうか。But too many others, especially nonviolent drug offenders, are serving unnecessarily long sentences.は英検で触れていましたね。
Reforming solitary confinement is just one part of a broader bipartisan push for criminal justice reform. Every year, we spend $80 billion to keep 2.2 million people incarcerated. Many criminals belong behind bars. But too many others, especially nonviolent drug offenders, are serving unnecessarily long sentences. That’s why members of Congress in both parties are pushing for change, from reforming sentencing laws to expanding reentry programs to give those who have paid their debt to society the tools they need to become productive members of their communities. And I hope they will send me legislation as soon as possible that makes our criminal justice system smarter, fairer, less expensive and more effective.
Do you think you might be able to give me a ride tomorrow, too? - I’m sorry but I’m only in the office on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Tomorrow is one of the days that I work from home.
人の車に乗せてもらうんで丁寧に依頼しないといけない場面なためか、ここではDo you think …?というのもワンクッション置いた表現ですが、さらにyou might be able toともうワンクッション置いて聞いていますね。残念ながらI’m sorry but…という断る時の定型表現で依頼には応えられないことが伝えられてしまいましたが。。。自宅勤務という新しい働き方の流れもTOEICは話題に取り入れているところも注目ですね。
英辞郎でもDo you think you can …?での依頼表現がいくつか掲載されています。TOEICではDo you think you might be able to ? / Do you think you could …? / Do you think you can …?といった表現がありました。しかもSure, not a problem.やCertainlyなどおなじみの承諾表現がつかわれています。
Our internship recruiter isn’t here - she just left for lunch. Do you think you might be able to come back in about forty-five minutes? - Sure, not a problem! I’ll walk around and take a look at the rest of the booths at the event.
Do you think you could show me how to use this scanner? - Certainly, I can help you out right now.
I e-mailed you yesterday about Jim Smith's retirement party tomorrow. Do you think you can help me set it up? - Yes. The only problem is that I have a meeting until five o'clock.
サイトで見つけた依頼表現の説明では了承する義務がないようなケース、大変な依頼をするケース、地位の高い人に依頼をするケースではphrases we use to be less direct and more politeとあります。このあたりは日本でも同じですよね。
Softening Phrases Explain that using “could” instead of “can” does make a request more polite but that there are phrases we use to be less direct and more polite when we make requests. Explain that we mostly use these phrases in the following situations: ◦ When the person we are making the request to does not have an obligation to say yes. ◦ When we are making a big request. ◦ When we are making a request to someone who is at a higher level within the company. Write the following softening phrases on the board: 1) I was hoping you/I could … Examples: I was hoping you could work this Saturday. I was hoping I could take Friday off. 2) I was wondering if you/I could…. Examples: I was wondering if you could cover my shift next Tuesday. I was wondering if I could take an extended lunch break to run some errands. 3) Do you think you/I might be able to….? Examples: Do you think you might be able to help me out with these reports? Do you think I might be able to leave a few minutes early so I can pick up my child from school?
ちょっと気をつけないといけないのはless directになるということは意味が取りにくくなることでもあります。例としてあげられていたI was hoping you could work this Saturday.のような依頼表現はTOEICでは使われておらず、文字通り「〜しようと思っていた」「〜したかった」という意味で使われていました。
I'm sorry, but we're completely sold out （中略） the shipment'll be here sometime next week. - Oh dear, I was hoping to buy it now.
You're all fired! Donald Trump released a scathing statement via Twitter late Tuesday, January 26, about boycotting the upcoming Fox News–hosted Republican presidential debate on January 28. Trump's boycott comes down to his contentious relationship with Fox News host Megyn Kelly, who is one of the debate's moderators. On Monday, January 25, the GOP presidential hopeful tweeted: "Fox will drop Kelly if it means no Trump. Nobody will watch w/o Trump." (The qualifying candidates for Thursday's debate were announced on Tuesday and include Trump, Ted Cruz, Marco Rubio, Ben Carson, Jeb Bush, Chris Christie, John Kasich and Rand Paul.)
FROM THE MAGAZINE JANUARY 31, 2016 7:00 PM Blowhards, Beware: Megyn Kelly Will Slay You Now The brightest star at Fox News, Megyn Kelly is a newly minted role model for women who sees her gender as irrelevant, and a conservative champion who transcends politics with her skillful skewering of windbags of both parties, most notably Donald Trump. Evgenia Peretz gets to know the woman behind the contradictions. BY EVGENIA PERETZSTYLED BY JESSICA DIEHL
Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya Nature 529, 394–398 (21 January 2016) doi:10.1038/nature16477 Received 31 July 2015 Accepted 23 November 2015 Published online 20 January 2016 The nature of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers remains disputed, with arguments in favour and against the existence of warfare before the development of sedentary societies1, 2. Here we report on a case of inter-group violence towards a group of hunter-gatherers from Nataruk, west of Lake Turkana, which during the late Pleistocene/early Holocene period extended about 30 km beyond its present-day shore3. Ten of the twelve articulated skeletons found at Nataruk show evidence of having died violently at the edge of a lagoon, into which some of the bodies fell. The remains from Nataruk are unique, preserved by the particular conditions of the lagoon with no evidence of deliberate burial. They offer a rare glimpse into the life and death of past foraging people, and evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers.
Evidence of a prehistoric massacre extends the history of warfare Skeletal remains of a group of foragers massacred around 10,000 years ago on the shores of a lagoon is unique evidence of a violent encounter between clashing groups of ancient hunter-gatherers, and suggests the “presence of warfare” in late Stone Age foraging societies.
以下の方が専門的な記述が少ないので読みやすくなっています。研究者のMarta Mirazon Lahrさんが研究の意義などを説明してくださっています。they challenge our understanding of the roots of conflict（これらの発見は紛争の起源についての我々の理解に異議を唱えるものである）と動詞challengeが使われていることは英語学習者的には注目です。
The area surrounding Lake Turkana in Kenya was lush and fertile 10,000 years ago, with thousands of animals – including elephants, giraffes and zebras – roaming around alongside groups of hunter gatherers. But it also had a dark side. We have discovered the oldest known case of violence between two groups of hunter gatherers took place there, with ten excavated skeletons showing evidence of having been killed with both sharp and blunt weapons. The findings, published in Nature, are important because they challenge our understanding of the roots of conflict and suggest warfare may have a much older history than many researchers believe.
書き出し部分のところをもう少し詳しく展開してくれているのが以下の部分です。
We dated the remains and the site to between 10,500 and 9,500 years ago, making them the earliest scientifically dated case of a conflict between two groups of hunter-gatherers. Stones in the weapons include obsidian, a rare stone in the Nataruk area, suggesting the attackers came from a different place.
The (pre)history of warfare Today we think of warfare, or inter-group conflict, as something that happens when one group of people wants the territory, resources or power held by another. But prehistoric societies were usually small groups of nomads moving from place to place – meaning they didn’t own land or have significant possessions. They typically didn’t have strong social hierarchies either. Therefore, many scholars have argued that warfare must have emerged after farming and more complex political systems arose.
Man with an obsidian bladelet embedded into the left side of his skull, and a projectile lesion (possibly of a sharpened arrow shaft) on the right side of the skull. Marta Mirazon Lahr Naturuk therefore challenges our views about what the causes of conflict are. It is possible that human prehistoric societies simply responded antagonistically to chance encounters with another group. But this is not what seems to have happened at Nataruk. The group which attacked was carrying weapons that would not normally be carried while hunting and fishing. In addition, the lesions show that clubs of at least two sizes were used, making it likely that more than one of the attackers were carrying them.
So why were the people of Nataruk attacked? We have to conclude that they had valuable resources that were worth fighting for – water, meat, fish, nuts, or indeed women and children. This suggests that two of the conditions associated with warfare among settled societies – territory and resources – were probably common among these hunter-gatherers, and that we have underestimated their role so far.
Evolution is about survival, and our species is no different from others in this respect. The injuries suffered by the people of Nataruk are merciless and shocking, but no different from those suffered in wars throughout much of our history – sadly even today. It may be human nature, but we should not forget that extraordinary acts of altruism, compassion and caring are also unique parts of who we are.
Al-Jazeera America to shut down after less than three years on air The Qatar-funded cable news network’s last US broadcast will be 30 April, as viewership remained meager and declining oil prices put a damper on funding Sam Thielman in New York Wednesday 13 January 2016 20.54 GMT Less than three years after its launch, al-Jazeera America is shutting down. The news was abruptly announced to staff on Wednesday afternoon. The network’s last day on the air will be 30 April.
The enterprise was troubled from the beginning: seven hours into its first day on the air, al-Jazeera America was already mired in a lawsuit with one of its carriers, AT&T, which dropped the network before it even began. Its viewership was usually between 20,000 and 40,000 viewers in prime time – Fox News averaged 1.95m viewers in the third quarter of 2015.
どの報道も閉鎖を報じている中、自社WEBページは何とも前向きな書き方をしていました。
Press Release Al Jazeera Media Network to Expand International Digital Services in U.S.; Al Jazeera America to Cease Operations in the Coming Months January 13, 2016 – Doha and New York: Al Jazeera Media Network (the “Network”) today announced from Doha its intention to expand its existing international digital services to broaden its multi-platform presence in the United States. As audiences increasingly turn to multiple platforms, including mobile devices, for news and information, this expansion will allow US and non-US consumers alike to access the Network’s journalism and content wherever and whenever they want. The expanded digital platform will augment the Network’s successful current digital offerings, including AJ+ (www.ajplus.net) which has achieved more than two billion online video views since its inception in September 2014. The Network’s commitment to its digital transformation of its global operations is consistent with its mission to inform and engage audiences no matter who they are or where they are. By expanding its digital content and distribution services to now include the US, the Network will be better positioned to innovate and compete in an overwhelmingly digital world to serve today’s 24-hour digitally focused audience. Over the coming months the Network intends to provide more details around the forthcoming expansion of its multi-platform digital services to the US. Separately, Al Anstey, CEO of Al Jazeera America, today announced that Al Jazeera America will cease operation by April 30, 2016. While Al Jazeera America built a loyal audience across the US and increasingly was recognized as an important new voice in television news, the economic landscape of the media environment has driven its strategic decision to wind down its operations and conclude its service. Al Jazeera America is committed to conducting this process in a way that is consistent with its respect for colleagues.
Questions 147-148 チャット Words checked = [117] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [80%]
Questions 149-152 文挿入問題 Words checked = [198] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [95%]
現行の公式vol6の語数で長そうなのはTest1のQ168-171の246語とかTest2のQ176-180の228語でしょうか。そのようなものと比べても長いとは言えません。チャットの場合、短い文のやりとりなので読む量を試すというよりはやり取りの流れをつかんでいるか試したいのでしょう。それは148の問いAt 12:15, what does Mr. Otani mean when he writes, “Sure thing”? をみても伺えます。
「3つの関連する文書」に関しても読む量が増えるというわけではなさそうです。
Questions 186-190 3つの関連する文書 1番目の文書 Words checked = [137] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [93%]
2番目の文書 Words checked = [35] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [57%]
3番目の文書 Words checked = [100] Words in Oxford 3000™ = [91%]
Dear Reader... This week is devoted to Border Crossings – fiction and nonfiction that deal with issues of global migration, refugees, immigrants, expatriates, and national and transnational identity – proving that occasionally the slower-moving world of book publishing keeps up with the latest news headlines. The books here range from a look at the world's largest refugee camp by a former Human Rights Watch researcher to Ian Buruma's account of his grandparents' Jewish and English identities during the war years of the 20th century. "The Cosmopolites," a report on the growing market in citizenship, is part of a new publishing effort out of Columbia University, Columbia Global Reports, which offers short, newsy books on underreported issues of global import. The Border Crossings theme extends to fiction and includes a review by Lee Child of Lawrence Osborne's latest novel, "Hunters in the Dark," about an expat in Cambodia, and a review of Janice Y. K. Lee's second novel, "The Expatriates," about wealthy Americans abroad in Hong Kong. Please stay in touch and let us know what you think – whether it's about this newsletter, the reviews or the books themselves. We read and ponder all of it, even hate mail. You can email us at books@nytimes.com. Pamela Paul Editor of The New York Times Book Review
中東の女性について記事をいろいろ読んでいたので書評を読んだ後いきおいで買ってしまった本は次の本。書評の書き出しも興味深いです。我々はすぐにイスラムのベールの「後進性」に目が行き、ここの女性の考えまで思いが届いていないというのです。むしろThe hijab was meant to obscure a woman’s sexuality, not her individuality.とみなすことができるのだというのです。確かに日本では女性の場合すぐに男性目線の「美人すぎる〜」といった見かけをベースにしたレッテルを貼られてしまいますが、ベールを被っていればそのような視線を抜きにした部分で勝負できるようになりますね。
“Why are foreigners so interested in the hijab?” a devout young Syrian woman demanded after reading a newspaper article by Katherine Zoepf in which she appeared. “We spent so many months talking to you about what we think, what we believe, what is on our minds.”
Zoepf considered the criticism with a characteristic combination of realism and sensitivity. It was true that outsiders often fixated on the hijab, or the Islamic covering of women’s hair and body shape, as though this were the most salient aspect of Muslim women’s lives, when it was arguably among the more superficial. But the symbolic power of women’s dress was not a foreign invention, Zoepf felt. Muslim women, too, devoted inordinate time to debating and assessing their own and one another’s veils. Still, she conceded that her interlocutor had voiced an important point: The hijab was meant to obscure a woman’s sexuality, not her individuality.
In 2008 the United Arab Emirates came up with a novel solution to their bidoon “problem” — the presence of thousands of stateless persons within their territories. Most bidoon descend from families who resided there long before the creation of the U.A.E.; many were from nomadic tribes and simply failed to register as nationals at the time. Yet they have been denied citizenship. That status would give them access to the myriad benefits accorded full members of this wealthy oil state — from free health care and education, to a guaranteed income, subsidized utilities, a marriage bonus, land and an interest-free house loan. Instead, they are categorized as illegal immigrants.
To regularize their situation, the authorities hit on the innovative scheme of buying citizenship from an impoverished African state, the Comoro Islands, and bestowing it on the bidoon. By purchasing passports from a country of which the bidoon had neither knowledge nor connection, let alone any desire to join or even visit, the Emiratis sought to divest themselves of any obligations. The bidoon would now be somebody else’s problem. In 2014 Kuwait adopted a similar policy, though the bidoon constitute an estimated 25 percent of the army.
To: Project Leads From: James Pak Subject: Training Courses
To all Pak Designs project leaders: In the coming weeks, we will be organizing several training sessions …
以前も名詞leadがleaderの意味で使われることがあると指摘させてもらったことがありますが、このメールでもそのように使われています。会社によっては役職としてleadが使われるところもあるでしょうが、TOEICの文でもTo: Project Leadsの直後にTo all Pak Designs project leaders:とあるようにproject leadとproject leaderは同じような意味で使われていると考えてよさそうです。（役職の場合はその表記に従うべきですが。。。）
（英辞郎） The most obvious case in which this may occur is a succession dispute following the disappearance of the project lead.（これが起きるいちばんはっきりした例は、プロジェクトのリーダが消えたあとで、その後継をめぐる争いだ。）
Project Lead About the role The role of Project Lead sits with our Customer Service CoE in our Design and Execution team as part of the Technology business unit. The Customer Service Centre of Excellence (CoE) will provide business and technology domain expertise in a number of technical solutions that support and enable Retail and Customer-centric business activity. This team will be responsible for liaising with key business stakeholders to ensure their strategy requirements are understood. This role manages a program of work (enhancements and larger discrete projects) to meet the business objectives and enables the business benefits (typically comprised of multiple related projects or work streams) driving performance across the IT team.
Key responsibilities will include: Leads, plans and manages the delivery of business technology initiatives / Projects for EnergyAustralia Provide project management leadership & direction to the CS-CoE Release Leads / Project Managers Establishes and manages an IT program of projects relating to the Customer service systems and solutions that support EA, ensuring they are delivered on time to agreed commitments, budget and with the professional quality expected and add value and deliver benefits to the business Ensures Project Management Plan including the Project Schedule with Deliverables, Milestones and Dates is agreed and signed off, and aligns to the Business Case and Project Schedule Promote the timely delivery of high quality Statements of work and related attachments to Release Leads /CoEs , to strategic Partners and vendors, supporting the defined implementation targets and timeframes Effective Stakeholder Relationship Management Lead a high performing team
Managers focus on Goals & objectives Telling how and when Shorter range Organization & structure Autocracy Restraining Maintaining Conforming Imitating Administrating Directing & Controlling Procedures Consistency Risk-avoidance Bottom line
Leadership focuses on • Vision • Selling what and why • Longer range • People • Democracy • Enabling • Developing • Challenging • Originating • Innovating • Inspiring trust • Policy • Flexibility • Risk-opportunity • Top line
Project Manager Google and Business Lead for Driverless Cars
Wednesday - Anthony Levandowski, Business Lead, Google's Self-Driving Car Project Anthony Levandowski Mr. Levandowski is the product manager for Google's self-driving car technology. Mr. Levandowski joined Google to launch Streetview in 2007. Prior to that he founded 510 Systems, a developer of mobile mapping and surveying technology. Notable robots he invented include Ghostrider, an unmanned motorcycle now in the Smithsonian and Pribot, an unmanned vehicle used to deliver pizza in San Francisco. He has an MS and BS from UC Berkeley in Industrial Engineering and Operations Research.
Looking for a new job? Then a typo in your resume could mean the difference before landing an interview or not.
前回紹介した疑問文で始まる広告。TOEICにあったものはAre you looking for…となっているものを紹介しました。
Are you looking for a short-term rental that won't hurt your budget? Then City Life Suites is the place for you.
TOEICは保守的だからAre you…と省略しないのかと思っていたら、公式問題集vol6パート4の問題86-88にSearching for the perfect family summer vacation spot?というものがありました。購入していないが確認したいという方はこちらのサイトから音声をダウンロードしてください。
Searching for the perfect family summer vacation spot? Look no further than the Dunham Resort on scenic Butterworth Island.
といってもAre you …?と始まっている広告の方が多数派のようですが、Searching forと主語にあたる部分が省略されたものもTOEIC的には許容しているんですね。まあ、省略するしないを大げさに捉えるよりも、こういうテレビショッピング的な広告の語り口に慣れてしまいたいです。
Are you looking for a way to get in shape without spending too much? Well, Fitness Right has a new class that can help you.
Are you a caterer or event planner? Do you manage a hotel or conference center? Then you need The Planning Tool by Plan-Dar Inc.
動画ではThe best part is it’s free. Get Grammarly today.とありましたが、TOEICでも同じように急かす語り口がいろいろとあります。
Remember, this special offer ends Friday, so hurry!
E-mail us at plan-dar@mail.com to arrange a 30-day free trial period. Don’t wait!
Reserve a room for your holiday now, and receive thirty percent off tickets to the park.
埋め草の方が長くなってしまいましたが、答えです。「もうこれは必要ないね」と言いたい時にI won't be needing ...という文章を作れる日本人学習者がどれだけいるか。。。
（答え） Well, looks like I won’t be needing this anymore.
Ever since the dawn of Japanese animation (or anime), we’ve been rooting for heroes that have the dream of being the very best and the strongest there is. Captain Majid and his dream of reaching the World Cup with his crazy animal-centric shots, Naruto and his path to becoming Hokage and Luffy and his quest to becoming Pirate King. The examples are endless and there’s a reason for that. They all belong to a genre of anime known as shōnen anime, which is basically that exact same template over and over again. You grow with a hero through hundreds of slow-paced episodes, watching him battle stronger enemy after stronger enemy until he becomes the strongest there is (or until you die of old age because some of these shows last for years and years).
The government plans to do this by getting the state out of all but its essential functions. From health and education to state-owned companies, the new Saudi leadership is looking for privatisation and the private provision of public services. It has plans for charter schools and an insurance-based, privately provided health-care system. It is looking at the complete or partial privatisation of more than two dozen agencies and state-owned companies, including the national airline, telecoms firm and power generator. The biggest fish of all is Aramco, a national icon and almost certainly the world’s most valuable firm. The prince favours floating a minority stake in Aramco and opening its books to the world. He is urging his team to come up with a plan within months (see article).
Could such a blueprint become reality? Words are cheap and the obstacles huge. Saudi Arabia has promised reform before, only for its efforts to fizzle into insignificance. Its capital markets are thin and the capacity of its bureaucracy thinner. The investment that it needs in its young people, its non-oil industries, its tourism infrastructure and much else will not come cheap. It will not happen unless investors believe in the country’s future. That confidence will be hard to build.
The new regime seems to regard boldness at home and abroad as signs of a strong Saudi Arabia. Yet, though a muscular foreign policy plays well among Saudis, the economy will not thrive if the royal family ends up inflaming its region and blocking social reform at home. If Prince Muhammad is to remake his country, not wreck it, he needs to understand that.
Your Royal Highness, thank you very much. Thank you. I’m very glad to have you here today, I’m happy to receive these questions. We always take criticism from our friends. If we are wrong, we need to hear that we are wrong. But if we are not wrong, we need to hear support from our friends. What I request is that the thing you actually believe, to say it. We always do. Thank you.
The “Bowie’s 100 books” list was sent to the exhibition curators by the singer’s archivist, who keeps watch over a treasure chest of 75,000 costumes, sheet music, books and other memorabilia.
The exhibition’s audio guide features an interview with Bowie in which he says that, if he hadn’t become a musician, he “would have written novels,” referring to his songs as “little stories set to music.”
There are three Orwell titles in the top 100: Inside the Whale and Other Essays, The Road to Wigan Pier, and Nineteen Eighty-Four, which inspired a song of the same name on Bowie’s 1974 album Diamond Dogs. Bowie was denied the rights to stage a musical adaptation of Orwell’s dystopian vision.
Martin Amis, Peter Ackroyd, Tom Stoppard and Ian McEwan feature along with a 1950s annual of The Beano. Academic studies of art and popular music sit alongside classic 20th century novels. The most recently published entry, The Age of American Unreason by Susan Jacoby, in which the author surveys an anti-rationalist landscape extending from pop culture to a pseudo-intellectual universe of “junk thought”.
Mr Marsh, director of the V&A’s department of theatre and performance, said: “In the archive, there are massive numbers of books that he’s kept. Supposedly, when he went to the desert to make The Man Who Fell to Earth, he took a trunk of books with him.
“The idea that he sits down and reads every book cover to cover, I don’t think that’s what he does. I think he’s more interested in ideas – and what he’s really interested in is how he can rework those ideas. He is the ultimate postmodernist, sampling stuff even before postmodernism arrived. I don’t think it’s a direct connection to him. It’s much more complicated.”
Interviews with Francis Bacon, David Sylvester, 1980 Silence: Lectures and Writing, John Cage, 1961
In Bluebeard’s Castle : Some Notes Towards the Re-definition of Culture, George Steiner, 1971
古典にあたるのが、ダンテの神曲とホメロスぐらいだったのが気になりますが、日本人の本としては三島由紀夫の『午後の曳航』が一冊選ばれていました。 Inferno, from the Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri, about 1308-1321 The Iliad, Homer, about 800 BC
The Sailor Who Fell From Grace With The Sea, Yukio Mishima, 1963
Looking for a new job? ------- could mean the difference before landing an interview or not. “Your résumé ------- When can you start?” Grammarly is my secret weapon. It’s more than just a simple spelling and grammar checker. Grammarly can check ten times as many errors as Microsoft Words. Whether you’re writing an email to your boss or a new business plan, with Grammarly you can be sure that you’re always -------. The best part is it’s free. Get Grammarly today. Better writing, better results.
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typos in your resumeなんじゃないのという人もいらっしゃるかもしれませんが、今回の文脈でいうと誤字がいくつもある履歴書なんて落ちて当然ですから、たった一つの誤字で大きな違いが生まれるとしたほうが今回のソフトウェアの必要性をよりよく訴えることができるのではないでしょうか。以下のような文もネットで見つけられました。
a typo in your resume could cost you your dream job
could mean the difference betweenという表現に関しても「〜が分かれ目となりうる」という典型的な表現のようです。広告関連でも以下のようなものがありました。
An effective reference letter could mean the difference between a candidate's acceptance or rejection.
ニュースでは以下のような「生死を分ける」意味の用例がありました。
It costs just £850 but this machine could mean the difference between life and death
In today’s competitive climate, a person’s ability to speak authoritatively and confidently can often mean the difference between success and failure.
ただ、TOEICは口語表現はあまり使われませんからland an interview（面接にこぎつける）のようなものはさすがになかったです。英語のlandも日本語の「漕ぎ付ける」も似たようなニュアンスですね。
（オックスフォード） land JOB [transitive] (informal) to succeed in getting a job, etc., especially one that a lot of other people want land something He's just landed a starring role in Spielberg's next movie.
（ロングマン） land job/contract etc [transitive] informal to succeed in getting a job, contract etc that was difficult to get: He landed a job with a law firm.
（次の答え） “Your résumé is so polished. When can you start?”
As you identify roles that are a good fit, your AcceptU counselor will assist you with your cover letter as well as ensure that your résumé is polished. You will also receive assistance with preparing for interviews, including a mock interview. **** UPDATE YOUR RESUME Be sure your résumé is polished and up to date. Have it reviewed by at least one professional. Print at least 10-15 copies to have on hand to share with your employers or if they ask for it. Even if an employer doesn't take your résumé and rather you fill out an application, you'll want to have employment or work history dates on hand.
（最後の答え） Whether you’re writing an email to your boss or a new business plan, with Grammarly you can be sure that you’re always bringing your A game.
こちらも口語表現ですが、意味を知らなくてもなんとなく想像はつきやすいですよね。ただ知らない表現の場合brining you a gameのように書き取ってしまうこともあるかもしれません。やはり知らない表現の場合正しく書き取るのに苦労します。bring your A gameの由来と職場での使われ方について説明してくれているサイトがありました。
“Bring Your ‘A’ Game” is a common expression in athletics which means to arrive with your top attitude and ability because with today’s competition we’re going to need it. In life, every day is game day. You simply can achieve your goals with B- effort. I am amazed at how many positive and important words for the job search begin with the letter “A.” Here is my top ten list of the ones I think are the most appropriate to help you transition.
Simon Sinekによる名言もあるようです。
No matter when or where, always bring your 'A' game, because you never know when it will open doors for you. Simon Sinek
（全体） Looking for a new job? Then a typo in your resume could mean the difference before landing an interview or not. “Your résumé is so polished. When can you start?” Grammarly is my secret weapon. It’s more than just a simple spelling and grammar checker. Grammarly can check ten times as many errors as Microsoft Words. Whether you’re writing an email to your boss or a new business plan, with Grammarly you can be sure that you’re always bringing your A game. The best part is it’s free. Get Grammarly today. Better writing, better results.
Dear Guest, We would like to extend a warm welcome and wishing you a pleasant and comfortable stay with us.
This is for your kind attention that there will be a power interruption on Saturday January 9th, 2016 at 8:00 A.M. till 13:00 P.M. due to the maintenance work which will be carried out by an electric company.
Please accept our apologies for any inconvenience caused to you in this regard. In the meantime, should you require any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact our duty manager on extension 666.
Sincerely,
Ralph Jennings Front Office Manager
定型文ばかりの文章ですが今回目にとまったのは次の文。
Please accept our apologies for any inconvenience caused to you in this regard.
TOEICではinconvenienceは以下のように使われることが多くany inconvenience caused to youという表現はありませんでした。
We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.
ちょと余談ですがWe apologize for this/any inconvenienceのような表現はTOEICでのinconvenienceの用例の70パーセント以上を占めていますので、セットフレーズで覚えたいものですね。同時にinconvenienceという語はオフィシャルな謝罪の場面で使われるお堅い語であるという語感も持てるといいですね。
もちろんTOEICにないから間違いというわけではないですし、マクミランではWe apologize for the inconvenience caused to passengers.、ロングマンはWe apologise for the delay and any inconvenience caused.という例文をあげていましたので、こちらの使い方も一般的と言えそうです。
（マクミラン） inconvenience an annoying problem or situation, especially one that forces you to make an extra effort to do something We apologize for the inconvenience caused to passengers. Travellers are complaining of having to suffer the inconvenience of delayed flights.
（ロングマン） inconvenience [uncountable] problems caused by something which annoy or affect you: We apologise for the delay and any inconvenience caused.
We first wrote about the G-Zero five years ago. It’s now fully upon us, and the unwinding of the US-led geopolitical order will accelerate in 2016. There is growing political division in a year with a presidential election in the United States and a foundational political crisis for Europe. Russia, in decline, is led by an increasingly combative—and resurgent—Vladimir Putin. China is becoming far more powerful, but with a foreign policy that reflects primarily economic (though still strategic) national interests. The results are clear. The Middle East is the most vulnerable to a geopolitical leadership vacuum and is heading toward conflagration. There are six failed states across the broader region (Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Mali, Syria, and Yemen) and more refugees than ever recorded. ISIS has become the most powerful terrorist organization in history. Oil economies are under strain. All of this will get worse in 2016. Europe will feel much of the pain—in economic costs, security vulnerability, and political blowback. The United States, at the twilight of Barack Obama’s administration, will mostly stick to its knitting, since the western hemisphere remains insulated from the lion’s share of geopolitical instability. In Asia, despite having many of the world’s strongest national leaders, helping manage these problems is not a priority. This all means a dramatically more fragmented world in 2016 with more intra-, inter-, and extra-state conflict than at any point since World War II. And yet drawing the major powers into military battle against one another—World War III—is virtually unthinkable (recent comments from Pope Francis notwithstanding). The world’s four largest economies—the United States, China, Japan, and Germany—are all deeply reluctant to accept responsibility for crisis management. Only the Germans are affected directly by this turmoil, and they still have plenty of reasons to duck the fight. And so, in 2016, conflict intensifies. Last year, investors recognized growing uncertainty but remained more focused on the economic improvements: a US economy in recovery and Europe coming out of recession. That’s unlikely to last, as geopolitical risk shakes the global order.
今年のトップ10は以下のとおり。
1 – The Hollow Alliance: 2 – Closed Europe: 3 – The China Footprint: 4 – ISIS and “Friends”: 5 – Saudi Arabia: 6 – The rise of technologists: 7 – Unpredictable leaders: 8 – Brazil: 9 – Not enough elections: 10 – Turkey:
昨年はどうだったのかというと。。。
1 The Politics of Europe 2 Russia 3 The Effects of China Slowdown 4 Weaponization of Finance 5 ISIS, Beyond Iraq and Syria 6 Weak Incumbents 7 The Rise of Strategic Sectors 8 Saudi Arabia vs. Iran 9 Taiwan/China 10 Turkey
8 - Saudi Arabia vs. Iran Saudi-Iran tensions will spike during 2015, worsening the Sunni-Shia sectarian rift across the region. The relationship will be especially volatile this year because: 1) there will be an unprecedented number of theaters of proxy conflict 2) domestic politics in both countries will enhance conflict and 3) the evolution of diplomacy on Iran's nuclear program, regardless of the outcome, will provoke more strife between Riyadh and Tehran. The list of arenas where the two countries either support opposing proxies or hold opposing policies is longer than ever. The newest hotspot is Yemen, where the Houthis--who follow the Zaidi branch of Shia Islam, and whom the Saudis battled in 2009--recently captured most of Sanaa (the capital) and now have great influence over the government. The Saudis accuse Iran of supporting the Houthis with arms and money. Tehran and Riyadh will have very different approaches toward Iraq's Prime Minister Haidar al Abadi. The Saudis will press for maximum inclusion of Sunnis in Iraq's government. Iran will advocate continued Shia dominance, and increasingly support Shia militias and their fight with the Islamic State. In Syria, the Saudis and Iranians will hold diametrically opposed views on the future of President Bashar al Assad, and the violent standoff between their proxies will continue. In Lebanon and Bahrain, the Saudis and Iranians will back opposite sides in tense and unstable political environments. The Saudis are formally preparing to combat the Iranian threat on a multilateral basis, pressuring Qatar back into the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) fold and obtaining GCC agreement to form a joint naval force and counterterror police unit. Direct conflict between Tehran and Riyadh is unlikely, though the increased intensity of proxy wars will further destabilize the region throughout 2015. Inside both Iran and Saudi Arabia, domestic political friction will boost tensions. In the kingdom, succession battles are underway. Erratic foreign policy behavior is possible as contending players and groups try to demonstrate their foreign policy mettle. In Iran, much of the elite see lower oil prices as part of a Saudi plot to undermine Iran, and hardliners who support a tougher policy toward the kingdom have gained strength at the expense of President Hassan Rouhani. Finally, intensified negotiations over Iran's nuclear program will stoke tensions. The talks will probably fail to reach a comprehensive agreement. If Washington imposes harsh new sanctions in response, Tehran will adopt a more aggressive regional policy, including toward the Saudis. If the diplomatic process settles on a "long-term interim agreement," raising expectations for an easing of sanctions on Iran, Saudi Arabia will feel exposed and more aggressively protect its regional turf. Even a partial agreement would heighten Saudi neuralgia about American commitment to its security. If a comprehensive deal is reached, an improbable but possible outcome, the Saudis' worst nightmare would become reality. Saudi leaders believe a deal would lead to a US-Iran rapprochement that will both undermine Saudi security and turn Iran into a rising geopolitical and economic power. In turn, the Saudis would quickly ramp up support for its proxies to cut Iran down to size.
Life-changing magicとくればコンマリのThe Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Upという本になりますが、年末にそのパロディ本が出たそうです。コンマリさんをからかうとかではくタイトルや書き方をまねて、人付き合いなどに時間をとられることなく自分の楽なように過ごすことを勧めているようです。
5 Life Lessons From The Life-Changing Magic of Not Giving a F*ck DECEMBER 29, 2015 7:00 AM by MICHELLE RUIZ How much of my life do I spend people-pleasing? Turns out, a lot. I realized this upon reading Sarah Knight’s The Life-Changing Magic of Not Giving a F*ck, a new parody of Marie Kondo’s best seller, The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up. I go places I don’t want to go and do things I don’t want to do in order to please others, even if it’s to my emotional or financial detriment. Like many women in particular, I apologize when I haven’t done anything wrong and sprinkle “just” into my emails so they don’t come off too strongly worded. Knight’s bottom-line advice for me is explicit: Stop giving a f*ck.
This is self-help with an edge. As the subtitle says, The Life-Changing Magic of Not Giving a F*ck is a primer on “how to stop spending time you don’t have with people you don’t like doing things you don’t want to do.” Though it is a parody, it’s less a takedown of Kondo’s tactical tidying methods and more inspired-by: Shortly after quitting her successful corporate job as a book editor, Knight KonMari’ed (a process of throwing out things that don’t “spark joy” and/or you never use) both her and her husband’s sock drawers and felt a surge of inner peace. Between the socks and the job-quitting, she was inspired to write the truth of her own mental decluttering.
TOEIC的には以下のようなプレスリリースの書き方の方が参考になりますね。本はan irreverent and practical homage toであると説明しています。
August 18, 2015, NEW YORK, NY – Reagan Arthur, Senior Vice President and Publisher of Little, Brown and Company, announced today that Little, Brown has acquired THE LIFE- CHANGING MAGIC OF NOT GIVING A F*CK by former Simon & Schuster editor Sarah Knight. Little, Brown acquired world rights from literary agent Jenn Joel of ICM. The book, an irreverent and practical homage to Marie Kondo's The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up will be edited by Executive Editor Michael Szczerban for publication in December 2015.
Michael Szczerban said, “As a colleague, I always admired Sarah’s talent for connecting readers with the perfect book. Now she has written one herself: as smart as it is witty, as persuasive as it is irreverent. She may not have set out to be a guru, but she has written my mantra.”
But...you also had to smile and nod while Uncle Jimmy described the intricacies of his recent bout with gout. You ooh'ed and ah'ed over your mother-in-law's homemade challah, even as gummy hunks of it lodged at the back of your throat. (The ooh'ing was mostly choking.) You traveled eleven hours each way for the privilege of watching Frozen on repeat with your nieces and nephews until you contemplated wandering out into a snowbank and letting Mother Nature have her way with you.
You're probably feeling a bit depleted. Exhausted. Maybe even mildly resentful? And it's threatening to cast a pall over the rest of the season—and 2016—unless you can, as Disney's reigning Queen Elsa might say, let it go.
