さっきのPomodoroネタでもう一つ。 Pomodoro takes reservations, but they should be made well in advance.
Pomodoroは予約を受けているが、十分に前もって行うのがよいだろう。
会社の英語を勉強中の同僚から「「予約を取る」って英語で言う時にtakeでいいんですか？」と聞かれたことを思い出しました。もちろんTOEIC学習者は「予約を取る」はmake a reservationだよと即答できると思うんですが。。。
ロングマンはコロケーションを囲みで紹介してくれていました。
（ロングマン） VERBS make a reservation Didn't you make a reservation? have a reservation We have a reservation for seven o'clock. confirm a reservation We will send you an email to confirm your reservation. cancel a reservation She called the restaurant and cancelled the reservations.
でも「メリデメ」のような短く言いたい人はどうすればいいか？TOEICで登場していた“Pros and Cons of Flexible Scheduling”なんかどうでしょう。
（オックスフォード） the pros and cons the advantages and disadvantages of something We weighed up the pros and cons.
（ロングマン） pros and cons the advantages and disadvantages of something the pros and cons of (doing) something We discussed the pros and cons of going to university.
（ロングマンビジネス） the pros and cons [plural] the advantages and disadvantages of something, which you consider when making a decision about it When you’re choosing a savings account, it is worthwhile spending some time weighing up the pros and cons (=thinking about them) of the various types of account on offer.
（ネイティブ向けオックスフォード） pomodoro ADJECTIVE Denoting a sauce made from tomatoes, typically served with pasta. ‘a low-calorie pomodoro sauce is the way to go if you're planning on enjoying some pasta’ postpositive ‘the spaghetti pomodoro was very good’ More example sentences Origin Italian, ‘tomato’.
The Pomodoro Technique can help you power through distractions, hyper-focus, and get things done in short bursts, while taking frequent breaks to come up for air and relax. Best of all, it's easy. If you have a busy job where you're expected to produce, it's a great way to get through your tasks. Let's break it down and see how you can apply it to your work. 今日から始める生産性アップ術。ポモドーロ・テクニック再入門ガイド ポモドーロ・テクニックは、短時間の集中作業を繰り返すことで、仕事を成し遂げるテクニックです。定期的に休憩もとれて、常に集中できる状態を保てます。やり方もとっても簡単。特に、クリエイティブな仕事をしている人にはとても役立つツールです。今回は、ポモドーロ・テクニックの詳しいやり方をご紹介します。
We've definitely discussed the Pomodoro Technique before. We gave a brief description of it a few years back, and highlighted its distraction-fighting, brain training benefits around the same time. You even voted it your favorite productivity method . However, we've never done a deep dive into how it works and how to get started with it. So let's do that now. 何年か前にこのテクニックの簡単な概要を紹介しました。米LH読者が選ぶ生産性テクニックBEST5にも選ばれています。しかし、あまり詳しい解説はしていませんでした。今回は少し詳しく紹介します。
What Is the Pomodoro Technique? The Pomodoro Technique was invented in the early 90s by developer, entrepeneur, and author Francesco Cirillo. Cirillo named the system "Pomodoro" after the tomato-shaped timer he used to track his work as a university student. The methodology is simple: When faced with any large task or series of tasks, break the work down into short, timed intervals (called "Pomodoros") that are spaced out by short breaks. This trains your brain to focus for short periods and helps you stay on top of deadlines or constantly-refilling inboxes. With time it can even help improve your attention span and concentration .
Pomodoro is a cyclical system. You work in short sprints , which makes sure you're consistently productive. You also get to take regular breaks that bolster your motivation and keep you creative. ポモドーロは反復的なシステムです。短いダッシュを繰り返し、高い生産性をキープします。また、規則的に休憩をとることで、モチベーションと創造性を保ちます。
How the Pomodoro Technique Works The Pomodoro Technique is probably one of the simplest productivity methods to implement. All you'll need is a timer. Beyond that, there are no special apps, books, or tools required. Cirillo's book, The Pomodoro Technique, is a helpful read, but Cirillo himself doesn't hide the core of the method behind a purchase. Here's how to get started with Pomodoro, in five steps:
Choose a task to be accomplished. Set the Pomodoro to 25 minutes (the Pomodoro is the timer) Work on the task until the Pomodoro rings, then put a check on your sheet of paper Take a short break (5 minutes is OK) Every 4 Pomodoros take a longer break That "longer break" is usually on the order of 15-30 minutes, whatever it takes to make you feel recharged and ready to start another 25-minute work session. Repeat that process a few times over the course of a workday, and you actually get a lot accomplished—and took plenty of breaks to grab a cup of coffee or refill your water bottle in the process.
It's important to note that a pomodoro is an indivisible unit of work—that means if you're distracted part-way by a coworker, meeting, or emergency, you either have to end the pomodoro there (saving your work and starting a new one later), or you have to postpone the distraction until the pomodoro is complete. If you can do the latter, Cirillo suggests the "inform, negotiate, and call back" strategy:
Inform the other (distracting) party that you're working on something right now. Negotiate a time when you can get back to them about the distracting issue in a timely manner. Schedule that follow-up immediately. Call back the other party when your pomodoro is complete and you're ready to tackle their issue. Of course, not every distraction is that simple, and some things demand immediate attention—but not every distraction does. Sometimes it's perfectly fine to tell your coworker "I'm in the middle of something right now, but can I get back to you in....ten minutes?" Doing so doesn't just keep you in the groove, it also gives you control over your workday.
Finally, it's important to remember that Pomodoro is a productivity system—not a set of shackles. If you're making headway and the timer goes off, it's okay to pause the timer, finish what you're doing, and then take a break. The goal is to help you get into the zone and focus—but it's also to remind you to come up for air. Regular breaks are important for your productivity . Also, keep in mind that Pomodoro is just one method, and it may or may not work for you. It's flexible, but don't try to shoehorn your work into it if it doesn't fit. Productivity isn't everything —it's a means to an end, and a way to spend less time on what you have to do so you can put time to the things you want to do. If this method helps, go for it. If not, don't force it.
（オックスフォード） Belize a country in Central America, on the Caribbean Sea, that used to be a British colony called British Honduras. It became independent and joined the Commonwealth in 1981. Its main industries are sugar and wood production, and it has an important tourist industry.
（ロングマン） Commonwealth [the] (also British Commonwealth especially old use, Commonwealth of Nations formal) an organization of about 50 independent countries, most of which were formerly part of the British Empire, established in order to encourage trade and friendly relations among its members. The British king or queen is the head of the Commonwealth, and there is a meeting each year for all its heads of government.
（オックスフォード） the Commonwealth an organization consisting of the United Kingdom and other countries, including most of the countries that used to be part of the British Empire a member of the Commonwealth Commonwealth countries
Culture The British Commonwealth of Nations was set up in 1931 and has been known simply as the Commonwealth since 1949. Members of the Commonwealth have special links with the UK and with each other and agree to work together towards world peace, the encouragement of trade, the defence of democracy and improvements in human rights, health and education. It also encourages joint cultural and sporting events, particularly the Commonwealth Games. The British king or queen is the head of the Commonwealth and the senior official is the Secretary-General. A meeting of heads of government of all Commonwealth countries takes place every two years and is organized by the Commonwealth Secretariat, which is based in London. The second Monday in March is celebrated in many member countries as Commonwealth Day.
The ceremony will be held at the Riverde hotel on Bench street and ( ) at 7:30 P.M.
(A)begin (B)begins (C)to begin (D)beginning
どういう解説があるのかわかりませんが、TOEICの公式問題集で似たような文を見てみます。
まず主語は違いますが時制を使い分けているケース。
In fact, any vehicle not properly parked will be ticketed, and the fines here are high, I'm afraid.
the finesは確定した事項なので現在形ということなんでしょうが、だからと言って話題になっている文のthe ceremonyが午後7時30分から始まるというのが周知の事実になっているとは思えないんですよね。別に7時から始まるケースだってあるでしょうし。ですから助動詞willを伴ってもおかしくないはずです。TOEICの公式問題集にこんな文章を見つけました。
The session will be held at the Carol Hotel on Frame Street, and the presentation will start at 6:00 p.m. →こちらは主語が変わっていますが、動詞startもwillを伴って書いています。
(Wikipedia) ウエスト・エンド (West End) はイギリスの首都ロンドンにおける地区。行政、商業、文化施設などが集中している。劇場や歌劇場なども多く、ニューヨークのブロードウェイと対照させ、ロンドンのミュージカルをウエスト・エンドと称することもある。
ロンドンにおける代表的な地区は一般につぎのように対照づけられることが多い。
政治のウェストミンスター 経済のシティ 娯楽のウエスト・エンド
（ロングマン） the West End the western part of central London, where there are large shops, theatres, expensive hotels etc
（オックスフォード） the West End the western area of central London where there are many theatres, shops/stores and hotels Culture The West End includes such places as Soho, Oxford Street, Shaftesbury Avenue, Chinatown, Leicester Square, Regent Street and Piccadilly Circus.
Acknowledgement. The Cover: I would like to give a special thanks and acknowledgement to the photographer/artist of the image used on the cover of the book – Kevin Luck, Creative Grafix.
（オックスフォード） acknowledgement 1. [singular, uncountable] an act of accepting that something exists or is true, or that something is there This report is an acknowledgement of the size of the problem. She gave me a smile of acknowledgement (= showed that she had seen and recognized me). There is acknowledgement on his part that he was to blame.
2. [countable, uncountable] an act or a statement expressing thanks to somebody; something that is given to somebody as thanks The flowers were a small acknowledgement of your kindness. I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement of my contribution.
（デジタル大辞泉） クレジット ３ 新聞・書物・写真などに明記する著作権者・原作者などの名前。
例えば以下のようなサイトがありました。定められた画像の使用方法がなかった場合のクレジットの方法を示しています。最初の方でit is important to acknowledge the original owner of the imageとあるので、このようなクレジットもacknowledgementの語義に入るのではないでしょうか。
Acknowledging copyright ownership Once permission is granted, terms of use agreed and any required payment has been made to the copyright owner, it is important to acknowledge the original owner of the image or work publicly on your site and not to pass it off as your own. If you have obtained formal permission to use an image under terms and conditions stipulated by the copyright owner, these may detail the precise credit line you should include with the image. For all other cases where you want to acknowledge copyright ownership, here are sample copyright captions for inclusion either with an individual image or on a page where you are using several images that require a credit line.
With individual image: ‘Photo courtesy of [photographer’s or company’s name, linking to their website or email address as appropriate]’ or ‘Credit: [photographer’s or company’s name, linking to their website or email address as appropriate]’ On a page where a number of images needing copyright acknowledgement appear: ‘Photography supplied courtesy of [list of photographers/company names, linking to their websites or email addresses]’
今回の問題文でもダブルパッセージのもうひとつの文書で以下のようにありました。
Permitted Use: （中略）The name of the photographer must be printed clearly in the lower left corner.
L&Rの問題集2パート7のonline discussionで社内でのteam buildingについて話していて、そこでチョロっと“Pros and Cons of Flexible Scheduling”という議題が出ていました。ここでの日本語訳は「柔軟なスケジュール設定の利点と欠点」となっていました。これじゃ何のことかすぐにピンとこないですよね。
flexible scheduling Definition One of the two key methods employed in a flexible workplace (the second is flexible staffing) that allows variations in which the employees (or members of a team) set their own working hours.
英辞郎も以下のような見出しがありました。
（英辞郎） flexible schedule フレックスタイム◆勤務時間の選択が許される制度
flexible work schedulingとしてくれていたらもっとわかりやすいんですけどね。この表現は既出でした。
新公式問題集 Vol2 パート4 The study offers several suggestions on ways to reduce stress, including shortening the time spent commuting to work and having a flexible work schedule.
Advantages for employers and employees exist when the employer allows employees to work flexible schedules. Whether the flexible work schedule involves compressing work days, flexible daily hours, or telecommuting, challenges exist for the employer and the employee.
Let's take a look at the advantages for employers and employees that flexible work schedules provide.
Advantages of Flexible Work Schedules for Employees Flexibility to meet family needs, personal obligations, and life responsibilities conveniently. Reduced consumption of employee commuting time and fuel costs. Avoids traffic and the stresses of commuting during rush hours.
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Disadvantages of Flexible Schedules for Employees Employees who thrive in an office environment may find it difficult to work when his colleagues don't hold the same schedule. Working from home can often make neighbors and friends think you aren't actually working, thus causing problems with relationships. There is no clear delineation between work and home.
“Pros and Cons of Flexible Scheduling”だけでflexible work schedulingのことだと断定したくなくて慎重になりたくなる気持ちもわかりますが、「柔軟なスケジュール設定の利点と欠点」だとよくわかりませんよね。文脈からも勤務スケジュールのことだと判断してフレックスタイムのことだと理解していいのではと思います。
（英辞郎） overflow parking lot 《an ～》〔駐車場が満車になったときのための〕予備の駐車場
（ネイティブ向けオックスフォード） overflow parking lot North American An area providing additional space in which to leave vehicles if the main car park is full. ‘the zoo had to use three of its four overflow parking lots’
LEXINGTON, Ky. (Aug. 23, 2016) – The Commonwealth Stadium Green Lot, located on the north side of Commonwealth Stadium between Bluegrass Community and Technical College and the stadium, is now designated for the exclusive use of BCTC during regular daytime control hours.
E-BCTC and C-BCTC permits are only valid in the Green Lot, and may not be used in the stadium Blue or Red Lots. The Green Lot was expanded and resurfaced over the summer, resulting in 100 additional parking spaces. If the Green Lot reaches capacity, E-BCTC and C-BCTC permits may be used in the designated overflow parking area along Wildcat Court in the UK soccer/softball area, accessible via College Way.
UK Parking and Transportation Services is providing dedicated shuttle service from the overflow area to the Green Lot during the morning hours until mid-afternoon. This shuttle route will be incorporated into Green Route in the coming weeks.
PARKING Shannon Brewing 5k now offers additional parking JUST FOR YOU!
Overflow parking will be available at Ridgeview Elementary located at 1601 Marshal Ridge Dr, Keller, TX 76248
We will provide a bus service which will continually circle between Ridgeview Elementary School and Shannon Brewing from 7:30am to 11:30am race morning.
Overflow Parking Creative Workspace offers additional parking half a block away on NE 4th St. at the Cedar Park appartments. Parking spots on the right of the nearest driveway are marked CWS and are leased for exclusive use by Creative Workspace tenants and customers. Handicapped parking is under the rear of the Creative Workspace building near the elevator.
overflow parking MEM expects its economy parking garage to periodically reach capacity during the holiday season.
In the event that economy, short-term and long term parking lots reach capacity, an overflow parking area (map above) in our overheight vehicle parking lot will be available. Our parking staff will be on hand to help direct you to the overflow lot.
If you need more information please call our parking office at 901-922-8065. Thank you for choosing MEM and happy holidays!
Students with a valid parking permit must park ONLY in the DESIGNATED STUDENT PARKING AREA or OVERFLOW area. Please see map below. Parking anywhere else on school property may result in a $10 parking obligation and towing at owner’s expense.
砂利や芝生の土地や道路脇などをoverflowした時の駐車場にするケースもありました。
Here's the map for the event that day, it will give you guys a idea of what parking is like, and the gates for General Parking will open at 2:45, so I suggest you guys plan on being there early, because after the general parking lot is full, traffic will be directed into the overflow area, which is gravel (the fairground isn't done paving it).
（英辞郎） I have to go 1. もう行かなくては（なりません）。／もう帰らなくては（なりません）。 2. トイレに行ってくる。
（ウィズダム） 6 ｟話遠回しに｠手洗いに行く, (特に)小便する (!go to the bathroomなどの省略表現) ▸ I gotta go! 用を足しに行かなきゃ.
（ジーニアス） ｟略式｠トイレに行く、用をたす I’ve got to go. ちょっとトイレに行ってきます、トイレはどこでしょうか、トイレお借りしたいのですが ｟I’ve got to go to the bathroom.の遠回し表現；Excuse me, but where can I go?なども同様｠
（オックスフォード） use toilet [intransitive] (informal) to use a toilet Do you need to go, Billy?
（ロングマン） TOILET [intransitive] informal to make waste come out of your body
（マクミラン） [INTRANSITIVE] SPOKEN to go to the toilet I need to go right now.
上の動画を見るまでもなくI have to go to the bathroomというと生々しくなるので、デイビット・セインさんの説明はしっくりきます。
答：口に出しにくい場所とは、つまりトイレ。 I HAVE TO GO. というひとことは（もう帰らないと、行かなきゃ）という意味ですが、トイレに行くという意味で使われることがあります。"トイレ"と口に出すのを憚るのは英語でも同じ。トイレに行きたくなったら、I HAVE TO GO.と言ってさりげなく席を立てば、相手には通じるでしょう。この表現はI HAVE TO GO TO THE BATHROOM. を短くしたことばです。
トイレに困ることがあるのは人間ですからどの世界も同じ。こんなゲームもありました（笑）
文脈によってI have to goは多様な意味を持ちそうです。もし電話口で言われたら「もう電話を切るね」という合図になるでしょう。TOEICでオフィス内の会話だったらI have to go to a meeting.の意味になりそうです。このケースで話しかけられた返答だった場合は、「話す時間があまりない」という合図になるでしょう。
先日紹介したペンス副大統領のスピーチで度々Thank for your service.と言って兵士をねぎらっていました。Thank for your service.のserviceは兵役のことになりますが、「国に仕えてくれてありがとう」＝＞「国を守ってくれてありがとう」といった意味になるようです。日本語では「お務めご苦労様です」と言うと刑務所から出所するヤクザにかける言葉にもなりますね（苦笑）
Google画像検索をかけるとThank you for your serviceは軍人に対する挨拶の決まり文句になっていることがわかりますが、その意味そのものを問いかけようとするTEDのスピーチがありました。
7:23 And what was amazing to me was that I very naively started hearing this statement that I never fully understood, because right after 9/11, you start hearing this idea where people come up to you and they say, "Well, thank you for your service." And I just kind of followed in and started saying the same things to all my soldiers. This is even before I deployed. But I really had no idea what that even meant. I just said it because it sounded right. I said it because it sounded like the right thing to say to people who had served overseas. "Thank you for your service." But I had no idea what the context was or what that even, what it even meant to the people who heard it. 私にとって驚きだったのが ずっと 完璧には理解できなかった ある常套句を耳にし始めたことです 9.11 直後から 皆が使い始めたのを 耳にしているでしょう 「任務ご苦労様」 私もただそれに倣う感じで 部下たちに同じことを言い始めました 自分で任務に出る前のことです 意味なんて考えていませんでした ただこう言うのが 正しく聞こえたのです こう言うのが海外で従軍した者に掛ける 正しい言葉だと思えたからです 「任務ご苦労様」 ただ私はこの言葉に関する背景も分からず そしてそれが受け取る者にとって どんな意味を持つのかも分かりませんでした
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11:13 We think about "thank you for your service," and people say, "So what does 'thank you for your service' mean to you?" Well, "Thank you for your service" means to me, it means acknowledging our stories, asking us who we are, understanding the strength that so many people, so many people who we serve with, have, and why that service means so much. "Thank you for your service" means acknowledging the fact that just because we've now come home and we've taken off the uniform does not mean our larger service to this country is somehow over. The fact is, there's still a tremendous amount that can be offered and can be given. When I look at people like our friend Taylor Urruela, who in Iraq loses his leg, had two big dreams in his life. One was to be a soldier. The other was to be a baseball player. He loses his leg in Iraq. He comes back and instead of deciding that, well, now since I've lost my leg, that second dream is over, he decides that he still has that dream of playing baseball, and he starts this group called VETSports, which now works with veterans all over the country and uses sports as a way of healing. People like Tammy Duckworth, who was a helicopter pilot and with the helicopter that she was flying, you need to use both your hands and also your legs to steer, and her helicopter gets hit, and she's trying to steer the chopper, but the chopper's not reacting to her instructions and to her commands. She's trying to land the chopper safely, but the chopper doesn't land safely, and the reason it's not landing safely is because it's not responding to the commands that her legs are giving because her legs were blown off. She barely survives. Medics come and they save her life, but then as she's doing her recuperation back at home, she realizes that, "My job's still not done." And now she uses her voice as a Congresswoman from Illinois to fight and advocate for a collection of issues to include veterans issues.
13:21 We signed up because we love this country we represent. We signed up because we believe in the idea and we believe in the people to our left and to our right. And the only thing we then ask is that "thank you for your service" needs to be more than just a quote break, that "thank you for your service" means honestly digging in to the people who have stepped up simply because they were asked to, and what that means for us not just now, not just during combat operations, but long after the last vehicle has left and after the last shot has been taken. 我々が入隊したのは 我々が代表するこの国を愛しているからです 我々が入隊したのは 理念を信じており 我々の隣人を信じているからです 我々がただ望むのは 「任務ご苦労様」が ただの引用句以上のものに なるべきということです 「任務ご苦労様」の意味が ただ単純に任務として進み出た 兵士たちに対する 心からの言葉であって欲しいのです それは我々にとって 意味のある言葉になります 今だけでも 戦闘時だけでもなく 最後の車両が帰還したずっと後 最後の銃撃が終わった ずっと後にもです
14:08 These are the people who I served with, and these are the people who I honor. So thank you for your service. 以上が私が任務を共にする仲間 そして私が誇りに思う仲間です ご静聴 ご苦労様です
When my daughter came home from her third-grade sports day with a plastic gold medal, I asked her what she had won it for.
“We all got a medal,” she beamed.
ライターはこのような“gold medal for all”アプローチに批判的です。それはARE WE SPOILING OUR KIDS WITH TOO MUCH PRAISE?（褒めすぎて子供をダメにしていないか）というタイトルからも容易に想像できます。この文章は関連エピソードから初めて問題提起というよくある流れで書かれています。a society that values praise over engagement and end goals over process（取り組みよりも褒めることに、過程よりも最終目的に価値を置く社会）に疑問を感じているということでライターの主張はそれを逆にしたものかなと推測できますね。
Educators and psychologists have debated the subject of praising children just for showing up for decades. You often hear comments like, “We are in a new age of narcissism” or, “We are entering a new me generation.” Is there, in fact, a connection between entitlement and how much praise we give our children? If so, what can we, as parents, caregivers, and educators do about it?
Although the debate is far from over, well-accepted studies in this area come to the conclusion that, yes, in many ways our well-intentioned tendency to lavish our offspring with praise is fueling a generation of narcissists. I am still not happy with the “gold medal for all” approach to sports day, but I have to grapple with the fact that many of us live in a society that values praise over engagement and end goals over process.
日本では「教育勅語」が話題になっていますが、どのように子供を育てるかは時代によって考え方が変わるもの。昭和時代は「体罰」なんてありましたがこれはビクトリア朝の考えでもあったようで、Spare the rod and spoil the child.ということわざを使っています。1960年代のカウンターカルチャーでは子供も大人として扱い子供の自主性を尊重するようになったそうです。現代はその中庸に当たるとか。
In the 1960s and 70s, the cultural pendulum had swung a great distance from the Victorian idea that sparing the rod would spoil the child. We had, thankfully, moved from seeing children as little adults who could be sent down the mines, to viewing them more or less as equals. Child-led learning was gaining ground; parents told their kids to call them Carol and Bob, not Mom and Dad. The issue of praise has swung alongside the pendulum: Gone is the Dickensian approach of “building character” through coldness and disinterest, but parents and teachers are now beginning to question the “everything is great” mode. We have shifted toward a middle ground, one where we understand that feedback is good, but praise does not always bring about the outcome we hope it will.
Spare the rod and spoil the child.に関してはロングマンやオックスフォードもエントリーそのものがなかったです。ケンブリッジもold-fashioned sayingとラベル付けしています。そのあたりの時代の変化は英和辞典では反映しきれていないようです。トムソーヤの冒険でも学校の先生によるムチ打ちのシーンがありますね。13分30秒あたりから。
（ウィズダム） rod (棒状の)むち, 細枝; 〖the ～〗むち打ち, 体罰 ▸ Spare the rod and spoil the child. ｟ことわざ｠子供は甘やかすとだめになる
（ケンブリッジ） spare the rod and spoil the child old-fashioned saying said to mean that if you do not punish a child when they do something wrong, they will not learn what is right
If praise becomes the focus for preschoolers, and then shifts into wanting those gold stars at elementary school, it can then segue into craving the top grades in high school. This isn’t necessarily a bad thing, but all we are doing is training our children to attain goals rather than to pursue learning for its own sake. In fact, a study of college students found that they rated “achieving the highest grade possible” as their main reason for learning. Things like “increasing one’s knowledge” or “undertaking work as a matter of personal challenge” rated much lower in their priorities.
ではどうすればいいのか？One simple way is to praise the effort over the outcome.と結果ではなく過程を大事にして、また問題点について冷静にフィードバックすることだと述べています。
So how do we foster in our children a desire to learn, rather than a desire to please us? One simple way is to praise the effort over the outcome. Not only does this encourage them to keep doing whatever it is, it takes the focus away from “good” and “bad,” placing it on the idea that working toward something can be its own reward. In other words, instead of thinking about praising our children, we should be concentrating on encouraging them. Some psychologists are keen to emphasize that we need to provide specific feedback rather than overall generalizations. We should also work toward creating an atmosphere where children feel safe making mistakes. Failure is part of the process of learning and is something we often overlook.
It is up to us to see that the children in our midst are presented with the mess of reality, with their failures as well as successes, with joy as much as disappointment. We owe them more than plastic gold medals for participation: We owe them the ability to confront complexity. It is our honesty—and not our distracted “wows”—that will provide our children with the skills needed to live in the real world, the one that lies beyond the bubble of constant praise.
The Burberry brand has never been stronger. バーバリーのブランドは今ほど強固になったことはありません。
ペンス米国副大統領が訪韓した際のスピーチでour resolve has never been stronger.が使われていました。やっぱり一度深く学んだ表現はすぐにピンとくるようになりますね。
4:15あたり This is a challenging time, all over the world but especially here in the Asia-Pacific. The opportunity for me to be here today at such a time as this is a great … a privilege for me.
But let me assure you, under President Trump's leadership our resolve has never been stronger. Our commitment to this historic alliance with the courageous people of South Korea has never been stronger.
And with your help, and with God's help, freedom will ever prevail on this peninsula.
The vice president said that as his party’s aircraft approached landing on the Korean peninsula, “I looked out at those rolling hills, and I thought about 2nd Lt. Edward J. Pence, who was with the 45th Infantry Division of the United States Army. Dad served here in combat. It was in this month -- this very week -- in 1953 that my dad was awarded a bronze star here in Korea for action in combat.”
Pence said that “like so many who have worn the uniform and come home, my dad didn't think the heroes were the ones that came home.”
He said his father “spoke of the ones that didn't come home. He spoke of friends lost, sacrifices made.”
Pence added that his father would today take comfort that “the sacrifices that were made here, and the commitment that endures here has resulted in a free and prosperous South Korea.”
2点目はキリスト教関連の言及です。先ほどの箇所でもwith God's helpと言っています。
And with your help, and with God's help, freedom will ever prevail on this peninsula.
マタイによる福音書 8章 日本語は新共同訳で英語はNew International Version (NIV)です。 さて、イエスがカファルナウムに入られると、一人の百人隊長が近づいて来て懇願し、 「主よ、わたしの僕が中風で家に寝込んで、ひどく苦しんでいます」と言った。 そこでイエスは、「わたしが行って、いやしてあげよう」と言われた。 When Jesus had entered Capernaum, a centurion came to him, asking for help. “Lord,” he said, “my servant lies at home paralyzed, suffering terribly.” Jesus said to him, “Shall I come and heal him?”
すると、百人隊長は答えた。「主よ、わたしはあなたを自分の屋根の下にお迎えできるような者ではありません。ただ、ひと言おっしゃってください。そうすれば、わたしの僕はいやされます。 The centurion replied, “Lord, I do not deserve to have you come under my roof. But just say the word, and my servant will be healed.
わたしも権威の下にある者ですが、わたしの下には兵隊がおり、一人に『行け』と言えば行きますし、他の一人に『来い』と言えば来ます。また、部下に『これをしろ』と言えば、そのとおりにします。」 For I myself am a man under authority, with soldiers under me. I tell this one, ‘Go,’ and he goes; and that one, ‘Come,’ and he comes. I say to my servant, ‘Do this,’ and he does it.”
イエスはこれを聞いて感心し、従っていた人々に言われた。「はっきり言っておく。イスラエルの中でさえ、わたしはこれほどの信仰を見たことがない。 言っておくが、いつか、東や西から大勢の人が来て、天の国でアブラハム、イサク、ヤコブと共に宴会の席に着く。 だが、御国の子らは、外の暗闇に追い出される。そこで泣きわめいて歯ぎしりするだろう。」 When Jesus heard this, he was amazed and said to those following him, “Truly I tell you, I have not found anyone in Israel with such great faith. I say to you that many will come from the east and the west, and will take their places at the feast with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven. But the subjects of the kingdom will be thrown outside, into the darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”
そして、百人隊長に言われた。「帰りなさい。あなたが信じたとおりになるように。」ちょうどそのとき、僕の病気はいやされた。 Then Jesus said to the centurion, “Go! Let it be done just as you believed it would.” And his servant was healed at that moment.
Easterってピンとこないですが、英英辞典で大きく説明しているので重要なものなんでしょうね。
（オックスフォード） Easter [uncountable, countable] (also Easter Day, Easter Sunday) (in the Christian religion) a Sunday in March or April when Christians remember the death of Christ and his return to life
Culture Easter Easter is a holiday in late March or early April, the first Sunday after the first full moon after 21 March. Many people spend it with their family or have a short holiday/vacation. It is also an important Christian festival. Easter Sunday, the day of the Resurrection (= the day when Christians believe Christ rose from the dead and became alive again), is the end of Lent and the most important date in the Christian year. Many people who do not go to church at other times go on Easter Sunday. It was once common for people to wear new clothes to church on this day. Women wore new hats, called Easter bonnets. Today, people sometimes make elaborately decorated Easter bonnets for fun. A few people send Easter cards with religious symbols on them or pictures of small chickens, lambs, rabbits and spring flowers, all traditionally associated with Easter. The Friday before Easter Sunday is called Good Friday and is remembered as the day Christ was crucified (= hanged on a cross to die). On Good Friday many people eat hot cross buns (= fruit buns decorated with a simple cross). The Monday after Easter is called Easter Monday. In Britain, Good Friday and Easter Monday are both bank holidays. In the US, each company decides for itself whether to close or remain open on those days. Children look forward to Easter Sunday because they are given chocolate Easter eggs. These are also popular with adults and millions are sold in the weeks before Easter. Many are packed in coloured foil (= shiny paper) in brightly-coloured boxes decorated with pictures of cartoon characters. Others are decorated with sugar flowers and wrapped in clear paper tied with a ribbon. Some shops write the person's name on the egg with icing (AmE frosting). Inside each egg are sweets or chocolates. Smaller eggs with a sweet cream inside are also popular. Eggs represent new life and the start of spring, and children sometimes colour the shells of real eggs at home. In some parts of Britain Easter is a time for traditional events such as egg-rolling. When American children wake up on Easter morning, they hope that the Easter Bunny has been. The Easter Bunny is an imaginary rabbit, and parents tell their children that it goes from house to house while they are sleeping. The Easter Bunny brings an Easter basket with chocolate eggs and other sweet things, or hides in the house small plastic eggs filled with sweets or little presents. When they wake up all the children run about trying to find the eggs. The Easter Bunny also often brings chocolate in the shape of a rabbit. In Britain some families now organize an Easter egg hunt, and people buy chocolate rabbits as well as eggs.
スピーキングもいろいろ種類があると思いますが、国際社会を前に自国の行動の正当化を訴えることは最もフォーマルで、論理性も求められるものでしょう。トランプ政権になったのでAssad did a bad thing so we punished him.とでも言うのかと思ったらそんなことはありませんでした。
The United States will not stand by when chemical weapons are used. It is in our vital national security interest to prevent the spread and use of chemical weapons. Our military destroyed the airfield from which this week’s chemical strike took place. We were fully justified in doing so.
On Tuesday, the Assad regime launched yet another chemical attack on civilians, murdering innocent men, women, and children in the most gruesome way. Assad did this because he thought he could get away with it. He thought he could get away with it because he knew Russia would have his back. That changed last night.
（ウィズダム） get away with A (!受け身にしない) 1 A〈悪事〉をしても罰を受け[捕まら]ない (!｟コーパス｠Aは名詞動名) ▸ I'm not going to let you get away with it. あなたの好き放題にはさせない ▸ get away with doing what we want to do やりたいことをしても許される
（オックスフォード） get away with something to do something wrong and not be punished for it Don't be tempted to cheat—you'll never get away with it. get away with doing something Nobody gets away with insulting me like that.
The United States took a very measured step last night. We are prepared to do more, but we hope that will not be necessary. It is time for all civilized nations to stop the horrors that are taking place in Syria and demand a political solution.
（オックスフォード） measured slow and careful; controlled She replied in a measured tone to his threat. He walked down the corridor with measured steps.
冒頭have done it again.とあるのは2014年に患者本人のiPS細胞を使って成功しているからで、今回の意義はThis time, the retinal repair cells were made using iPS cells from an anonymous donor.としています。日本語で内容を把握しておくとじっくり落ち着いて英文も読めますね（照笑）
Masayo Takahashi and Yasuo Kurimoto have done it again. Two and a half years ago, these two Japanese physicians took retinal cells derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and successfully transplanted them into a woman who had age-related macular degeneration. It was the world’s first surgical procedure using iPS cells, which can develop into any type of cell in the body, but are not as ethically fraught as stem cells from human embryos.
On 28 March, the same team carried out a procedure that sounds similar, but with an important twist. This time, the retinal repair cells were made using iPS cells from an anonymous donor.
以下のようにポイントを明示して語っているので読みやすいです。４点目にJapan should not get carried away.と浮かれるなと釘を刺されています（苦笑）
There are many things to say about this achievement. The first is congratulations.
The second thing to say is that this is good news for all.
The third thing is that this work signals a fairer distribution of medical benefits.
The fourth thing to say is that Japan should not get carried away.
0:28あたり You killed it. You came out and just absolutely owned it and then at the end everybody’s hands were going like this. 55,000 people all lit up. it was emotional for me, too.
こちらも前に取り上げたvibeという表現。
3:54あたり It’s less of a loner vibe and more of a very-in-touch-with-reality vibe. 孤立してる人、って感じもなくて、むしろ、ちゃんと現実と折り合いをつけてる、って感じなのよね。
1:56あたり And … it was just really cool. Cool experience and it happened really fast, but I feel like the development process, like, is the part that took a while. Like, that in between, almost like music purgatory, kind of, took a while. あれは本当にクールでした。クールな経験で、あっという間の出来事だったけど、制作過程が、まあ、かなり時間のかかった部分、って感じですね。あの中間部分が、音楽の煉獄みたいで、時間がかかりました。
Swift: But that’s probably why you’re so good. Honestly. スウィフト：でも、こんなにいいアーティストになったのは、きっとそのおかげよ。本当にそう思う。
（オックスフォード） purgatory 1 (also Purgatory) (in Roman Catholic teaching) a place or state in which the souls of dead people suffer for the bad things they did when they were living, so that they can become pure enough to go to heaven
2 (informal, humorous) any place or state of suffering synonym hell Getting up at four o'clock every morning is sheer purgatory.
Cara first attracted Swift’s attention back in July, when her powerful acoustic version of Swift’s “Bad Blood” caught the singer’s ear – and Twitter praise. The love didn’t stop there: At the beginning of last month, Swift included Cara’s “I’m Yours” in a handwritten playlist titled “New Songs That Will Make Your Life More Awesome (I Promise).”
例１ How else can you explain Paris Hilton, the Kardashians and the insipid cast of Jersey Shore -- attractive people who are only famous for being famous? Whereas celebrity used to involve a measure of talent, now it's only about image and hype.
例２ In the modern age where music is all image and hype, it is nearly impossible to find a quality new artist that the whole world can relate to, one that possesses all the qualities necessary to be at the forefront of a new musical movement.
5:15あたりから We have a divided nation. That is clear. We have a deeply divided nation. But today it seems like everyone has come together to join a protest against the new protest ad from Pepsi. Have you guys seen it? Have you guys seen the ad? Let me walk you through it.
英語学習的にはLet me walk you through it.をチェックしておきたいです。この後いろいろと突っ込んでいきます（笑）
The internet is in an uproar and it's a Kardashian's fault—or, at least, a Jenner sister. After a few days of teasing the campaign on her social media, the 21-year-old Kendall Jenner debuted her new commercial with Pepsi. It's called, in keeping with our nonsensical times where words no longer stand for ideas and down is up, "Live For Now Moments Anthem." You almost don't need to watch it—you can imagine it—but somehow it's even worse than you think it'll be. Jenner is busy at a stuffy fashion photo shoot but keeps getting distracted by a march of protestors walking past her window, until she decides to join them. The protest is blocked by a line of police officers, so Jenner thinks quickly and hands one a Pepsi. He smiles. She smiles. She fist-bumps a black guy.
ここで比較として持ち出されているのはベトナム戦争時の1971年のコカコーラのCM。
The campaign is tone-deaf, almost surreal in its thoughtlessness, and perverse in its attempt to use the fear and suffering of Americans to sell soda. It's also a little old-fashioned. Coca-Cola launched a similar campaign almost half a century ago, bouncing off protest motifs from the Vietnam War era.
炎上前と後のPepsiのコメントを読み比べてみます。
See Kendall Jenner in Her New Pepsi Ad By E.J. Schultz. Published on April 04, 2017. The ad "captures the spirit and actions of those people that jump into every moment," Pepsi said in a statement. "It features multiple lives, stories and emotional connections that show passion, joy, unbound and uninhibited moments. No matter the occasion, big or small, these are the moments that make us feel alive."
******
PURCHASE, N.Y., April 5, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- "Pepsi was trying to project a global message of unity, peace and understanding. Clearly we missed the mark, and we apologize. We did not intend to make light of any serious issue. We are removing the content and halting any further rollout. We also apologize for putting Kendall Jenner in this position."
まあ文法的にはPepsi was trying to不定詞の表現で当初意図してやった行動が失敗したことが推測できます。やはりその後にClearly we missed the mark, and we apologize.（明らかに的外れなもので謝罪します）と続いていますね。We did not intend to make light of any serious issue.（深刻な問題を軽んじる意図はありませんでした）としていますが、No matter the occasion, big or small, these are the moments that make us feel alive.と書いていた時点でなぜデモが必要かについては思いが至っていないことがわかります。
（炎上前）It features multiple lives, stories and emotional connections that show passion, joy, unbound and uninhibited moments. （炎上後）Pepsi was trying to project a global message of unity, peace and understanding.
（炎上前）No matter the occasion, big or small, these are the moments that make us feel alive. （炎上後）We did not intend to make light of any serious issue.
（Wikipedia） 白人の救世主 映画における白人の救世主(英語: white savior)とは、白人が非白人の人々を窮地から救うという定型的な表現である[1]。その表現は、アメリカ合衆国の映画の中で長い歴史がある[2]。白人の救世主は、メシア的な存在として描かれ、救出の過程で自身についてしばしば何かを学ぶ[1]。
（Wikipedia） White Savior The term white savior, sometimes combined with savior complex to write white savior complex, refers to a white person who acts to help people of color, with the help in some contexts perceived to be self-serving. The role is considered a modern-day version of what is expressed in the poem "The White Man's Burden" (1899) by Rudyard Kipling.[1] The term has been associated with Africa, and certain characters in film and television have been critiqued as white savior figures. Writer Teju Colecombined the term and industrial complex to coin "White Savior Industrial Complex".
アトランティクはこれだけ大炎上したんだから広告は大成功だと皮肉に語っていました（汗）
Pepsi's New Ad Is a Total Success Every feature of the “Jump In” ad benefits the company—even the act of pulling it from the airwaves. IAN BOGOST 2:17 PM ET
