English Journalではthe accent is almost a map of her life.とあった表現がこの動画ではThe accent is almost like a diagram of her background.となっています。
1分05秒あたり The accent is almost like a diagram of her background. She has this very New York side which is, you know, That's a sort of Grey Gardens world of the eccentric Bouviers. And then there's this very sort of proper, finishing school accent. And it's this odd combination of the two, which helped sort of form her.
5分あたりから She has this, a sort of New York accent that’s mixed with this finishing school accent. She says I rather love this hall. You know, “hall” is very New York and “rather” is almost British. It’s a really unusual combination of sounds.
1分48秒 it was very helpful, `cause the accent is almost a map of her life. `Cause you see the, sort of, like, you know, New York childhood and then the prep school, sort of , finishing school part of it, and it really, sort of, gives you a diagram to her background.
4分31秒あたり Portman notably worked towards nailing Kennedy’s distinctive mid-Atlantic accent, which was common amongst the girls that attended Miss Porter’s finishing school.
そうか、ジャキーはお嬢様学校のようなところに通っていたとすれば「ごめん遊ばせ。オホホホ」みたいな特徴あるしゃべり方になるということなんでしょうね。さらに調べてみるとニューヨークのロングアイランドの発音もあるそうで、だからこそポートマンはNew York childhoodと語っていたのでしょう。まさにその部分を説明している番組がありました。
“It’s a very specific accent,” Portman said. “I’m from Long Island, so I can go back to my roots quite easily and she’s got some of that.” “Then she has like this fancy thing too from finishing school,” she added before giving the audience a taste of her best Jackie impression.
So why does the accent sound so unusual to modern ears? "It's an accent from a fairly small region. Meaning a particular area of Long Island. Most people who were born and raised in the United States speak nothing like that and may very well go their entire lives not meeting anyone else who speaks anything like that. It's a minority speech pattern," Stoller says.
Plus, it's a speech pattern that emerged during the earlier half of the 20th century. "You're not going to hear somebody who's gone to high school in the Five Towns [on Long Island] in the last five years who sounds anything like Jackie Kennedy," Stoller adds.
So did Portman go too far in mimicking this speech? "I don't think it's exaggerated at all," Stoller says. "[Jackie Kennedy's] personal speech pattern is extremely distinctive. It's clearly related to a certain class and locale in Long Island, and speaking more broadly, the New England speech pattern area. It also displays signs of a certain kind of private school, upper-echelon presentation, where people are taught how to present themselves and how to modulate their speech."
Kennedy, who served as the country's third youngest first lady, spent her formative years at several Northeast private schools: The Holton-Arms School, in Bethesda, Maryland, and Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut. The best way to experience her haughty, finishing-school accent is to watch her 1962 tour of the White House (which is creatively incorporated in Jackie):
When I point out that the finishing school accent seems to signify class more than anything, Smithee points out that all accents encode class. "Accent is identity," he says. "That accent is very, very much associated with upper classes and a high level of social status and/or education." But today it's almost completely gone. "That particular speech pattern is an interesting and weird one because it wasn't really spoken natively by almost anybody. It was kind of a constructed synthetic speech pattern," he says.
Miss Porter's Schoolというお嬢様学校の実状を知るには以下の記事が参考になりました。
PRIVATE-SCHOOL SCANDAL The Code of Miss Porter’s Last fall, at Miss Porter’s School, in Farmington, Connecticut—attended by generations of debutantes and heiresses, including Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Gloria Vanderbilt, and Barbara Hutton—a student named Tatum Bass confessed to cheating, and was later expelled. Bass’s parents claim the school allowed their daughter to be so bullied by a group of girls, “the Oprichniki,” that she was driven to cheat. Talking to students, alumnae, and the headmistress, the author discovers that Bass violated a deeper, unspoken code as well. by EVGENIA PERETZ JUNE 9, 2009 12:00 AM
In the Law & Order episode "Shangri-La," during a conversation about the conduct of students at a New York City public school, a character points out that the school is not "Miss Porter's Finishing School for Young Ladies."
1分29秒あたり So I just watched those tapes and listened to them over and over and over and over again. And, yeah, I would practice. I had, like, I had it on my iPhone, and I would, you know, listen while I was running, or while I was just cooking, or whatever.
（ウィズダム） 〖回顧〗〈人が〉(よく)…したものだ (!(1)個人の過去の習慣を回想したりなつかしむ気持ちを表し, しばしば頻度時を表す副詞相当語句を伴う; 現在の習慣を表す用法については↓12. (2)used toとは違って, 現在との比較対象は意識せず, 通例動作動詞を従える; →used to語法(2), (5),can1 1a文法) ▸ When I was a child, my father would often get angry with me. 子供のころ, 父はよく私を怒ったよなあ ▸ At weekends, we would go to the beach. 我々は週末はいつも海岸へ行ったものだ
White House Tourの比較映像を見てもポートマンの発音や立ち振る舞いは遜色ないですね。
次の動画でも3分52秒あたりから“”#2 Natalie Portman Worked on the Perfect Kennedy Accent“とアクセントを取り上げています。こういうのでもwork on …が使われています。
4分17秒あたり Portman didn’t get into her character overnight, however. She strived to turn in the most authentic depiction of Jacky Kennedy possible. “I really watched and listened to the tapes of the original “White House Tour” over and over and over again.” Portman notably worked towards nailing Kennedy’s distinctive mid-Atlantic accent, which was common amongst the girls that attended Miss Porter’s finishing school. “You know, when you see interviews of her versus hearing tape-recording of her talking with her friends in private, you know, it’s a completely different voice and completely different sense of humor. So, little details like that were help for finding those kinds of different aspects.” In addition to studying books, audio tapes and White House Tour recordings, she trained intensely with a dialect coach. Once Portman finally arrived on set, she not only had the accent down to the teeth but also had much deeper understanding of who Jacky O really was.
こちらの動画ではoverは3回しか繰り返されていませんが（笑）、Portman didn’t get into her character overnight（一夜で役になりきったわけではない）とあるように発音指導も頼んでしっかりとマスターしたことがわかります。
I asked Kawakubo whether she felt that her creativity was rooted in her Japanese identity and if she could ever envisage working outside Japan – perhaps in Paris, where she has shown her collections since 1981? Her emphatic response surprised me.
“I have no consciousness on a day-to-day basis of being Japanese,” she said, “and yes, I could work somewhere else – it doesn’t have to be Japan.”
1分29秒あたりから Rei refuses to define her work. She wants to set the meaning is “there is no meaning.” As a curator, part of your role is interpretation. It really is a riddle. She is open to interpretation but not to one interpretation. It allows you to move beyond to the experience of clothing. It took me long time to get that realization. In a way, she’s like a zen master, encouraging students who do suffer to get that level of enlightenment.
（スーパー大辞林） 公案 ② 禅宗で，修行者が悟りを開くため，研究課題として与えられる問題。優れた修行者の言葉や事績から取られており，日常的思考を超えた世界に修行者を導くもの。
“I like to work with space and emptiness.” Rei Kawakubo, 2000
Since founding Comme des Garçons (“like some boys”) in 1969, the Tokyo-based designer Rei Kawakubo (born 1942) has consistently defined and redefined the aesthetics of our time. Season after season, collection after collection, she upends conventional notions of beauty and disrupts accepted characteristics of the fashionable body. Her fashions not only stand apart from the genealogy of clothing but also resist definition and confound interpretation. They can be read as Zen koans or riddles devised to baffle, bemuse, and bewilder. At the heart of her work are the koan mu (emptiness) and the related notion of ma (space), which coexist in the concept of the “in-between.” This reveals itself as an aesthetic sensibility that establishes an unsettling zone of visual ambiguity and elusiveness.
“Rei Kawakubo/Comme des Garçons: Art of the In-Between” examines nine expressions of “in-betweenness” in Kawakubo’s collections: Absence/Presence; Design/Not Design; Fashion/ Antifashion; Model/Multiple; High/Low; Then/Now; Self/ Other; Object/Subject; and Clothes/Not Clothes. It reveals how her designs occupy the spaces between these dualities—which have come to be seen as natural rather than social or cultural— and how they resolve and dissolve binary logic. Defying easy classification themselves, her clothes expose the artificiality, arbitrariness, and “emptiness” of conventional dichotomies. Kawakubo’s art of the “in-between” generates meaningful mediations and connections as well as revolutionary innovations and transformations, offering endless possibilities for creation and re-creation.
少し調べてみたくなったのは、この展覧会のタイトルArt of the In-Betweenを「間の技」と訳していたり、「間の芸術」と訳していたりしていたから。美術館だし素直に「芸術」でいいんじゃないのと素朴に思ったからでした。動画の最後で語っているartは明らかに「芸術」の方です。
USA Todayのレビューには彼女の服は芸術なのか、服飾なのか。服飾は芸術たりうるか。と問いかけがあります。まあ、でも取っ掛かりは川久保って発音しにくいよね。難しいコンセプトを語っているけどわからなくていいよ、ファション好きじゃないけと見る価値あるよとハードルを下げて紹介してくれています。
The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Costume Institute is a mecca for wannabe designers and those who follow the Carrie Bradshaw logic of prioritizing style over all else, sometimes even food. But a fashion obsession isn't required to enjoy the museum’s new exhibit opening May 4, Rei Kawakubo / Comme des Garçons: Art of the In-Between.
Nor is an understanding of design history or what the term "deconstructed" means.
An open mind, maybe.
Japanese designer Rei Kawakubo’s name is a mouthful (pronounced ray cow-uh-kooh-bo), as is her line, Comme des Garçons ("like some boys" in French). But New York City visitors shouldn’t let the unfamiliar names and terminology deter them from a trip to the 5th Avenue museum.
ここでのIs this art or clothing? Is clothing art?という問いかけは川久保玲の作品全体を指しているものの「芸術」を意識してのことでしょう。
The white-walled exhibit is broken into nine sections, each examining “in-betweenness.” It’s possible to get caught up in the heady philosophical questions Kawakubo poses in her works, like the dichotomy of absence and presence. Yet, it’s also possible to enjoy it as a more surface-level brain teaser: Is this art or clothing? Is clothing art?
Those questions are at the core of why the 74-year-old designer has been hailed as a revolutionary, and are on full display in the 140 piece collection. The exhibit guidebook suggests a pathway through the circular layout inhabited by puzzle-piece-like structures framing the garments, but guests also are encouraged to choose their own adventures and let their imaginations fly.
“Fashion is not art. You sell art to one person. Fashion comes in a series and it is a more social phenomenon.” 1998
“Things that have never been seen before have a tendency to be somewhat abstract, but making art is not my intention at all. All my e ort is oriented towards giving form to clothes that have never been seen before.” 2015
They share formal qualities with sculpture as well as conceptual and performance artworks, but Kawakubo has always preferred the epithet “worker” to “artist.” Even so, she recently has begun to consider fashion as art, opening up yet another in-between space — Fashion/Art.
オックスフォードの文化事項の質が高いと思うのでは彼の経歴を伝えるだけでなく、どのような影響を及ぼしたかも言及してくれているところ。He coined the phrase "Spaceship Earth"と動画でも触れていましたが、彼がSpaceship Earth（宇宙船地球号）という表現の生みの親なんですね。
（オックスフォード） R Buckminster Fuller Richard Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983) a US engineer and inventor of devices and buildings that made the most efficient use of materials. His best-known inventions include the geodesic dome and the Dymaxion House. Fuller also created the idea of 'Spaceship Earth' which imagines all people on earth as travellers together through space. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1983.
（ロングマン） Fuller, Richard Buckminster (1895–1983) a US architect (=someone who designs buildings) and engineer, who believed that scientific and technical developments could be used to solve many of society’s problems, and who invented the geodesic dome, a large, light, ball-shaped structure
People say to me, "I wonder what it would be like to be on a spaceship?" And I say to you, you don't really realize what you're doing, because everybody is an astronaut. We all live in a beautiful spaceship called Earth.
でも、この言葉の前に登場したドームに住んでいる人の回答を聞くと確かになあと思います。
"Do you think this is the future or the past? “I think it’s the past that I have forgotten that needs to be the future in order to have a sustainable future for them."
「独立心があったからこそ、わたしたちはここまでやってこれました。独立（インディペンデンス）は自由を意味します。だからComme des Garçonsは今後も独立性を守り続けます。自由がもっとも大切なのです。」 「簡単に達成できてしまうのはつまらないですよね。頑張って、苦しい思いをしたからこそ得られる達成感について考えながら、わたしは仕事をします。」 「わたしは、アーティストではありません。ファッション・デザインはビジネスです。わたしの仕事なのです。それでも、Comme des Garçonsを通して人々に自由や独立心を与えられたらという思いもあります。服は、自由を与えることができる便利でシンプルな手段です。服は誰もが着るものですから。」
彼女の偉大さ、凄さをよくわからないのですが、New York Timesの検索をかけてみるとこの展覧会もあるからか、多くの記事がヒットしました。特にNew York Times MagazineのInterpreter of Dreamsは読み応えがあります。本当にすごい人にとっては「日本スゲエ」論なんて無用ですね。
Rei Kawakubo, Interpreter of Dreams The 74-year-old force behind the avant-garde label Comme des Garçons makes otherworldly clothes that express hidden desires and fears.
（英辞郎） light bulb goes on in someone's head 《the ～》（人）の頭にひらめく
（Webster Learner） a light bulb goes off/on chiefly US, informal ◊ When a light bulb goes off/on (in your head), you suddenly understand something or have a great idea. ♣ After thinking about the problem for several days, a light bulb went off in her head, and she knew how to solve it.
5分10秒あたり JEFFREY BROWN: The idea for the series and the shooting began well before the election of Donald Trump, but, since November, Atwood’s book has returned to the bestseller list, and the series is generating many questions of parallels to today.
ELISABETH MOSS: There’s a huge sort of awakening amongst people my age and people in their 20s and younger with what’s happening now, as far as, oh, wait, someone can actually take that away from us? It’s a brand-new concept to a lot of women.
MARGARET ATWOOD: I think one of the things that’s happened to them is, rights were won for them long ago, and they just took them for granted.
Their interests were other. And then, suddenly, bang, a lightbulb goes on, maybe somebody’s going to take these rights away. And that may happen in all areas of life, including health care, minimum wage, and including forcing people to have babies.
Chefs Roberto Bianchi and Antonio Conti have been preparing Italian cuisine for Londoners for the past ten years. Now they have opened their first restaurant outside the city.
次のパラグラフでThis successful pair own three restaurants in the West End of London.とあることで、ロンドンの中心街で複数のレストランを経営しているシェフが郊外にレストランを出したことがわかりました。このWest Endから新しいレストランのある郊外のWeybridgeまでは電車や車で1時間ほどかかるようです。銀座で成功したレストランが東京郊外に出店するとすれば地元では話題になりそうですよね。
ただ、イタリア南部のカプリ島近くで育って“He carefully prepared dinner every night using old family recipes.”と語っており、レストラン名もPomodoroというイタリア語でトマトというありふれた食材にちなんでつけたことから、お高くとまったレストランではないんだろうなとも想像できます。
They only take reservations for parties of 6 or more, so they can keep most of the restaurant open for walk-in diners.
例文で使われていたwalk-inという単語もおさえておきたいです。「予約なしの」「飛び入りの」という意味になり、make a reservationと対照的ですね。
（オックスフォード） walk-in not arranged in advance; where you do not need to arrange a time in advance walk-in interview walk-in clinic
（ケンブリッジアメリカ） walk-in adjective [ not gradable ] (WITHOUT PLANNING) allowing people to come without planning to do so in advance: The walk-in clinic is slowly getting busy.
walk-in noun [ C ] Although the restaurant will take walk-ins, reservations are recommended.
神崎先生のウルトラ語彙力主義にmake a reservation well in advanceがすでに扱われていました。10年前に出た本です。
W: Do you think Mr. Mandelson would like the Italian restaurant by the river? M: Yes, but you should make a reservation well in advance. That restaurant is very popular.
