because when we talked about racial and economic justice, racial and social justice, we started to really extend those issues to the issues of economic justice, environmental justice, and the intersectionality and interconnectedness of all of our fights.
正義は、本で読む概念ではない。
正義は、私たちが飲む水のこと。
正義は、私たちが吸う空気のこと。
正義は、いとも容易く投票できること。
正義は、女性たちの賃金がいくらかということ。
正義は、母たち、父たち、すべての両親が子供たちと一緒にちゃんと時間を過ごせること。
正義は、お行儀いいのと黙っているのは同じじゃないと確かめること。
事実、しばしば最も正しい行動は、テーブルを揺さぶること。
Justice is not a concept we read about in a book.
Justice is about the water we drink.
Justice is about the air we breathe.
Justice is about how easy it is to vote.
Justice is about how much ladies get paid.
. Justice is about if we can stay with our children after we have them for a just amount of time.
Justice is about making sure that being polite is not the same thing as being quiet.
In fact, often times, the most righteous thing you can do is shake the table.
Justiceはとりあえず英英辞典のthe fair treatment of people（人々を公平に取り扱うこと）として、このスピーチでは具体的な事例を考えた方が彼女のメッセージがわかると思うのです。「正義は、私たちが飲む水のこと」や「正義は、私たちが吸う空気のこと」は詩的な表現ではなく切実な現実の問題だからです。
（ロングマン）
justice
《U》 正義, 公平, 公正
• We demand justice and equal rights for all US citizens.
すべての米国市民に公平と平等な権利を求める．
• Children have a strong sense of justice.
子供は正義感が強い．
• the pursuit of truth and justice
真実と正義の追求
（オックスフォード）
justice
[uncountable] the fair treatment of people
laws based on the principles of justice
They are demanding equal rights and justice.
（ケンブリッジ）
justice
[ U ] fairness in the way people are dealt with:
There's no justice in the world when people can be made to suffer like that.
The winner has been disqualified for cheating, so justice has been done (= a fair situation has been achieved).
Let us remember that a fight means no person left behind.
So when people want to stop talking about the issues black women face,
when people want to stop talking about the issues that trans women or immigrant women face,
we’ve got to ask them, Why does that make you so uncomfortable?
This is the time we’re gonna address poverty.
This is the time we’re gonna address Flint.
This is the time we’re gonna talk about Baltimore and the Bronx and wildfires and Puerto Rico.
This is not just about identity, this is about justice, and this is about the America that we’re going to bring into this world
「正義」というと大げさな語に思えますが、こういう問題をみて扱いがひどいじゃないかと沸き起こる気持ち、the fair treatment of people（人々を公平に取り扱うこと）が必要じゃないかという思いは誰だって感じる気持ちだと思います。まさにマイケルムーアの映画がこのフリントの水問題やコルテスをはじめとする不公平な世の中を変えようとする政治家たちを取り上げていました。この映画を見るとjusticeを求めたくなる気持ちもわかりますし、オバマの信頼がなくなった理由もわかります。次のフリントの問題でのAP動画ではWater and Justice for Flintとありますね。
The incredible true story of 31-year-old Majid Adin, an Iranian refugee animator behind a viral music video for one of Elton John's most classic jams.
The world in three dimensions only recently became a kinder place to animator Majid Adin. When he first arrived in London, a little more than a year ago, he had come by way of locking himself into a refrigerator, before spending the next four hours lurching around in the back of a cargo truck. A refugee from Iran who faced persecution for his writings and cartoons criticizing religious conservatism, Adin had smuggled himself to England from a refugee camp in northern France. The first few times, he tried clinging to the truck's underbelly. But the risk of falling onto the asphalt below, zipping by at 60 miles an hour, was too terrifying. The refrigerator, despite its ability to suffocate him, seemed safer. It's an experience that the 31-year-old carries with him in his art. "Even suffering can be beautiful," he tells me with a wry smile.
At a London exhibition on migrants, Olivier Kugler and Ammar Raad meet for the first time since their 2016 encounter in a shack
Vanessa Thorpe, Arts and Media correspondent
Sat 10 Nov 2018 16.59 GMT
Raad’s own final journey to Britain eventually came after 11 months spent at the Calais encampment. When he travelled to see a friend in Paris, he spotted a bus service to England and hatched the plan to hide himself in the hold. Amazingly, it worked on only the second attempt.
“The first time the bag broke. But the next time I stayed curled up for nine hours. I could breathe because I could open the case a little. Normally no one gets in like that because they have dogs checking every bag. I was just lucky. It was raining and it wasn’t a time when many trains were going through.”
カレーの難民キャンプは悪名高いそうですが、The New York Review of Booksの書評で紹介されていた別のグラフィックノベルの抜粋を以下で読めます。
Monterroso and Calderón, along with the thousands of other families who had gathered in late November in encampments outside Tijuana, represent a tiny fraction of the record-breaking 258 million international migrants, defined by the U.N. as people living outside their country of birth. The total number has more than doubled since 1985 and ballooned by 36 million since 2010.
They abandoned their homes for different reasons: tens of millions went in search of better jobs or better education or medical care, and tens of millions more had no choice. More than 5.6 million fled the war in Syria, and a million more were Rohingya, chased from their villages in Myanmar. Hundreds of thousands fled their neighborhoods in Central America and villages in sub-Saharan Africa, driven by poverty and violence. Others were displaced by catastrophic weather linked to climate change.
（中略）
The force is tidal and has not been reversed by walls, by separating children from their parents or by deploying troops. Were the world’s total population of international migrants in 2018 gathered from the places where they have sought new lives and placed under one flag, they would be its fifth largest country.
Despite the fevered rhetoric in Washington, there were actually fewer undocumented immigrants living in the U.S. in 2016 than in 2007, according to a Pew Research Center study. Apprehensions along the border with Mexico plummeted in 2017 to their lowest level since 1971. Inside the U.S., immigrants are less likely than U.S. natives to commit crimes (despite Trump’s suggestion to the contrary) and are overwhelmingly more educated than immigrants were in the past. According to a Brookings Institution analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data, the biggest group, 41%, of new immigrants from 2010 to 2017 came not from Latin America but from Asia. And as whole, 45% of immigrants to the U.S. had college degrees—compared with roughly 35% of non-Hispanic white Americans.
But statistics go only so far. In elections, facts often matter less than voters’ feelings. In fact, studies show that native-born U.S. and European citizens’ perception of immigration writ large, and the character of new immigrants in particular, is largely wrong. Native-born citizens dramatically overestimate how many immigrants live in their own communities. They also underestimate the average immigrant’s skills and education levels while overestimating their poverty rate and dependence on social safety nets. Native-born citizens also overestimate the share of immigrants who are Muslim.
TIMEではmigrantに自ら書いてもらったイラストを掲載していましたが、シリア難民たちの暮らしをジャーナリストがイラストにした本があります。The New York Review of Booksの書評で知ったのですが他にもこのようなスタイルの本があるそうです。
One might wonder, though, why Weiwei would spend so much time including himself in a work about human migrants. One might think this selfish, or perhaps egotistical. Yet to have such thoughts would be to ignore Weiwei’s own tumultuous past. Born to a poet father sentenced into exile by the Chinese government, Ai grew up on the move. Before he became the artist so many know and love today, he endured police beatings, imprisonment and house arrest. Weiwei’s own movements have a history of being restrained. Thus, when he reaches out to a refugee anywhere, he does so with the knowledge of what it means to be displaced, disrespected and distanced. “I see this crisis,” he states, “as my crisis. I see those people coming down to the boat as my family. They could be my children, my parents … Like me, they are also afraid of the cold.” Importantly, this cold is not simply the frigid waves of a wintery Mediterranean, a snowy trek across France, or continuous states of blinding rain. This cold is a human infliction: it sears the heart and the mind, attempting as it does so to steal from the refugee a sense of integrity, dignity, any and all semblances of self-respect. It is a cold of rejection, unwantedness. It is a cold of a yawning human indifference.
Within this layered context, Weiwei’s interactions take on a greater importance. Every handshake is a knowing one, a warming one. Every meal served is an appreciated gift. To the large populations of peoples currently seeking refugee among other nations, in foreign lands, in “Human Flow,” Ai’s empathetic presence can only be a source of communal comfort. Indeed, he is a needed reminder that the soul, too, shall persevere.
ドイツのドキュメンタリーでは中国での経験も含めて取り上げてくれています。先ほどのレビューの最後ではArt has to be involved with the moral and philosophical and intellectual conversation.と芸術はこのような問題に無関心ではいけないと思っているようです。
By using the documentary film as an art piece to project such important sentiment, Weiwei purposefully defines the power of art as well. The human condition, Ai contends, is “part of an aesthetic judgment. Art has to be involved with the moral and philosophical and intellectual conversation. If you call yourself an artist, this is your responsibility.” For the self-proclaimed “lifelong refugee,” such a responsibility is, and has always been, inescapable. The ancient poets named it, the bird in flight calls it reminiscently, the pervasive color orange all but screams it. And Weiwei welcomes it, welcomes it all across the world, to all kinds of people undergoing all kinds of journeys. He welcomes it with heart, open arms, kind words. He meets such staggering pain with wise eyes, silently offering a thing of unequaled importance: warmth against the cold.
I always wanted to play you and you have been through so much," Osaka said at the presentation ceremony. Honestly I wouldn't have wanted this to be our first match. Huge congrats to you and your team and you are really amazing and I am really honored to have played you in the final of a Grand Slam.
勝利スピーチで、対戦相手のペトラをねぎらうところです。傷害事件から立ち直っての決勝ということでyou have been through so muchと思いやっています。簡単な単語ですがこういうのをさらっと言えると英語を使いこなせている感じが出ます。
[INTRANSITIVE/TRANSITIVE] to compete against someone in a sport or game
She plays the winner of tomorrow’s match.
Bayern Munich will play Real Madrid tomorrow evening.
play against: England will be playing against Brazil in the next round.
自分のチームにwithoutを使って感謝を述べるところ。
Thanks to my team, I really don’t think I would have made it through this week without you guys. Behind a tennis player is always a team. I'm really grateful so thank you guys.
We couldn’t have done any of this without the dedication of Mr. Koji Aoki, who led the team of engineers
My success would not have been possible without the hard work and dedication of my wonderful colleagues
優勝してしまうと見落としがちになりますが、やはりキツイ場面でも崩れることなく耐えるところは耐えて勝ったことが今回の大坂選手の素晴らしさだったと思います。前回の試合の時にI just told myself to regroup in the third set, and no matter what just try as hard as I canと語っていたところ。
Naomi, a wonderful performance, congratulations. You're starting to make a habit of making these grand slam finals. But how difficult was it for you when Carolina came back at you in the second set?
- Yeah, I mean, I kind of expected a little, because I played her so many times and honestly she beat me more than I beat her.
So I was expecting a really hard battle. So I just told myself to regroup in the third set, and no matter what just try as hard as I can and I managed to win so.
just told myself to regroup in the third set, and no matter what just try as hard as I canと大坂選手はregroup（気を取り直す）という単語を使っていました。
（ケンブリッジ）
regroup
to organize something again in order to make a new effort, especially after a defeat:
They lost their first game, but then regrouped and beat Detroit and Hartford.
Osaka needed a third set again on Saturday. She held three match points with Kvitova serving at 3-5 in the second set and could not convert any of them. Osaka then served for the match and was broken. Kvitova won four straight games to take the set.
But Osaka regrouped, breaking Kvitova in third game of the final set and holding on for the championship.
Kokai: But you mentioned in your presentation, that was an earlier Locke.
Brewer: That’s what I’m arguing against, exactly. What I’m arguing is that the ideas that supported slavery and, in fact, the actual logistical support for slavery comes not from liberals, but from people who believed in the divine right of kings. And that it’s under the Stuarts — Charles II and James II, kings of England — that slavery first begins to be introduced in the empire. They’re literally two sides of the same coin. I talked about the guinea, the gold coin which has the head of Charles II with an image of the slave trader below his head, which he first creates with the gold from Guinea in Africa and the profits from the Royal African Company, which he founds when comes to the throne. And the first laws that make slavery hereditary anywhere in the British Empire and create the distinction of slavery come also with the Stuarts.
And this fits with the idea that everyone is born to a place in society and that people lower down in the social order have the obligation to “order themselves humbly and reverently to those above them.” So slavery is not born in liberalism. Locke is arguing against this. His Two Treatises of Government, which all the Founders read and were influenced by, especially in the Declaration of Independence, are a reaction to those ideas and to the ideas laid out in the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, which is really a Stuart document — you can see it that way — part of the Stuart empire.
When he was in a position of real power, he did everything he could to change the course of empire. This is after the Glorious Revolution, the Stuarts have been displaced, and with them their ideas. And instead, there is much more emphasis on government based on the consent of the governed, on the principle that all men are born equal at least — even if they’re not perfectly equal, but at least they should be equal under the law — and Locke really tries to implement those ideas in the empire and to undercut slavery.
Argo is a good movie, but Ben Affleck dishonours a Mexican-American patriot by playing Antonio Mendez in 'brown face'
Fri 8 Feb 2013 17.52 GMT
ちなみに今年のゴールデングローブ賞でクレージリッチアジアンを紹介する時にWhitewashingに絡めたジョークをSandra Ohが言っていたんですね。Ghost in the Shellは日本人の主人公をスカーレット・ヨハンソンが、Alohaではハワイ出身のヒロインをエマ・ストーンが演じて問題視されたものです。
1分20秒
It is the first studio film with an Asian American lead since "Ghost in the Shell" and "Aloha"
上記の本で紹介していた本は以下の表現で、Do you know where she lives?のようにあれば、YesかNoで答えれば十分と書いてありました。
Do you know where she lives?
Yes, I do.
まあ、これはWhere do you know she lives?という疑問文との違いを説明するときの説明なので、その違いを分かりやすく伝えるためにこのようにしたのだとは思いますが、英会話の本としては明らかに失格でしょう。だって、記事の初めに書いたように「はい、知っています（キリッ）」はコミュニケーションができていない悪例そのものだからです。
B: It is between the big bookstore and the supermarket.
Question: Which picture shows this?
これはイラストを見てレストランの位置を選ばせるリスニング問題のようですが、聞く側としてはせめて店名は言ってもらいたいですね。。。でも、Bob, do you know a nice restaurant near here?と、最初にBobと話し相手の注意を引いてから、切り出しているところは是非とも見習いたいところです。後で述べますが、TOEICのパート3ではこのような点はしっかえりと押さえてあります。TOEICは配慮のあるやり取りを学べる格好の素材であることを忘れてはならないと思います。
あと、Do you know …?みたいな質問文を学ぶときに、以下のような例文で学んだとしたら「はい、知っています（キリッ）」ていう人になる危険性が高まってしまうと思います。
Do you know the highest mountain in Japan?
（日本で一番高い山を知っていますか）
Do you know the current Japanese prime minister?
（現在の日本の首相を知っていますか）
上記は単に知識を聞いているだけの質問で、実生活でDo you know …?を使う状況を学べないと思うからです。やっぱり、実生活でこういう質問しないといけない状況というのは、何か困っているとか、何か知りたい状況、つまり尋ねる人が何かしらの助けを求めていることが多いと思うのです。そうときの状況も学びながらやり取りを学ばないと、「はい、知っています（キリッ）」という人になってしまうと思うのです。少なくとも英語教師が英会話本でこんな暴論を吐いてはいけないでしょう。まあ、TOEICのパート3にあった例をみてみましょう。少し変えてありますが、公式問題集をやり込んだ方には分かってしまうと思います。
＜例1＞ 同僚同士
(Woman) Say, Jones, do you know where I can find some copy toners? I need to make twelve copies of the monthly report for the afternoon meeting now, but this copier runs out of toner.
(Man) I think you should check the supply room. There should be a lot of toners there.
昨日取り上げたDo you know XX?という質問に対して、神崎先生とTEX加藤先生はコミュニケーションの点から素晴らしい解説をしてくださっていました。（後になって調べて気付きました。一つ一つの問題を解説できるまでやり込んでいないのがばれてしまいましたね（滝汗））TOEIC問題集の質を調べるのに、Do you know XX?の問題をどう解説しているかみるのもよさそうですね。
“There are several centers—no, sometimes an infinite number—and it’s a circle with no circumference.” The old man frowned as he said this, the wrinkles on his forehead deepening. “Are you able to picture that kind of circle in your mind?”
（中略）
The old man spoke again. “Listen, you’ve got to imagine it with your own power. Use all the wisdom you have and picture it. A circle that has many centers but no circumference. If you put in such an intense effort that it’s as if you were sweating blood—that’s when it gradually becomes clear what the circle is.”
“It sounds difficult,” I said.
“Of course it is,” the old man said, sounding as if he were spitting out something hard. “There’s nothing worth getting in this world that you can get easily.” Then, as if starting a new paragraph, he briefly cleared his throat. “But, when you put in that much time and effort, if you do achieve that difficult thing it becomes the cream of your life.”
Do you have an answer to the puzzle the old man poses? Is there such a thing as a circle with many centers but no circumference?
I think it corresponds to a kind of faith. This doesn’t have to be a particular religion, though.
Although the narrator never solved the mystery of what happened that day, he did learn something that stayed with him ever since. Did having no answer become an answer in itself?
Sometimes asking the right question is better than getting the right answer. I’ve always kept that in mind in my life, and as I’ve written my stories.
Academy voters really took advantage of their Netflix subscriptions this year! From the ‘Roma’ love to the ‘Won’t You Be My Neighbor?’ snub, our look at the biggest surprises.
Kevin Fallon 01.22.19 10:50 AM ET
エミリーブラントの落選について語っているところですが、she now joins the ranks of actresses perhaps most overdue for an Oscar nod.と惜しんでいます。
SNUB: Emily Blunt
Emily Blunt was on the bubble for two acting nominations—Best Actress for Mary Poppins Returns and Best Supporting Actress for A Quiet Place—and didn’t make it into either category. They are both strong categories but I am sad for Emily Blunt! Incidentally, she now joins the ranks of actresses perhaps most overdue for an Oscar nod. Well, she was arguably on that list before; now she surges to the top.
こういう何気ないところにもI’ve never felt fresher in my life.と試験勉強的には一癖ある文がさらっと使われています。
（英辞郎）
I have never felt better in my life.
これまででこれほど気分が良くなったことはないくらいです。
自分の赤ちゃんのオリンピアちゃんにメロメロのセリーナの回答も微笑ましいです。
2分10秒あたりから
What does she like watching?
I think I’ve seen ‘Frozen’ 3,000 times and then I’ve seen ‘Beauty and the Beast’ 4,000 and it’s just like… I can recite it, I know all the songs, it’s like ‘Oh my gosh,It’s just those two! And I’m like, ‘Olympia, there’s a plethora of movies to choose from, can you choose another one?’ And she’s just like, ‘Da-da-da.
MELBOURNE, Australia—Naomi Osaka recently took up her big sister’s suggestion to wear a wig and sunglasses to conceal her identity as she walked around in Japan.
The 21-year-old Osaka has become a big star in Japan since beating Serena Williams in last year’s U.S. Open final.
The best leaders of the time from both our states, voted for secession. And they were great men who nearly destroyed America. I don't ever want a history book to say that about me.
- Mmm. Let me ask you something. When was the last time you had a meal with her?
すこし聞くが、最後に彼女と食事をしたのはいつだ。
She's an employee but if you think that I would have any objection of breaking bread with her, then you are a fool.
彼女は雇われだし、もし彼女と食事をするのに私が反対していると思っているなら、馬鹿げだことだ。
- So you're telling me she's your equal?
すると彼女は対等の相手なのだな。
That woman spends more time in this house than anyone except Lady Bird. She is family.
この女性はこの家で誰よりも長く過ごしている。Lady Birdを除いては。彼女は家族だ。
- I don't know how I missed the resemblance. Look, what I'm talking about here is freedom. I'm talking about the preservation of a way of life. A way of life that you and I both grew up with. There's nothing wrong with that.
Following is the fifth of 11 installments of excerpts from Lyndon Baines Johnson's memoirs of his Presidential years, which will be published by Holt, Rinehart Winston on Nov. 1 under the title "The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, 1963-1969":
WHEN I was in the Senate, we had an extra car to take back to Texas at the close of each Congressional session. Usually my Negro employes—Zephyr Wright, our cook, Helen Williams, out maid, and Helen's husband, Gene — drove the car to the ranch for us. At that time, nearly 20 years ago, it was an ordeal to get an automobile from Washington to Texas—three full days of hard driving.
On one of those trips I asked Gene he would take my beagle dog with them in the car. I didn't think they would mind. Little Beagle was a friendly, gentle dog.
But Gene hesitated. “Senator, do we have to take Beagle?”
“Well,” I explained, “there's no other way to get him to Texas. He shouldn't give you any trouble, Gene. You know Beagle loves you.”
But Gene still hesitated. I didn't understand. I looked directly at him. “Tell me what's the matter. Why don't you want to take Beagle? What aren't you telling me?”
Gene began slowly. Here is the gist of what he had to say: “Well, Senator, it's tough enough to get all the way from Washington to Texas. We drive for hours and hours. We get hungry. But there's no place on the road we can stop and go in and eat. We drive some more. It gets pretty. hot. We want to wash up. But the only bathroom we're allowed in is usually miles off the main highway. We keep, going till night comes—till we get so tired we can't stay awake any more. We're ready to pull in. But it takes us another hour or so to find a place to sleep. You see, what I'm saying is that a colored man's got enough trouble getting across the South on his own, without having a dog along.”
Of course, I knew that such discrimination existed throughout the South. We all knew it. But somehow we had deluded ourselves into believing that the black people around us were happy and satisfied; into thinking that the bad and ugly things were going on somewhere else, happening to other people. There was nothing I could say to Gene. His problem was also mine: as a Texan, a Southerner and an American.
Wright's influence extended beyond the White House kitchen. Back when LBJ was in Congress, the Johnsons would drive back-and-forth from Washington, D.C. to central Texas during legislative recesses. Wright suffered so many indignities on those trips due to segregation customs and laws that she ultimately refused to travel by car and stayed in D.C. year-round. While LBJ built support in Congress for the 1964 Civil Rights Act, he used Wright's Jim Crow experiences to shame reluctant legislators into supporting the landmark legislation. After signing the landmark legislation, LBJ gave Wright one of the signing pens. “You deserve this more than anyone else,” he said.
Zephyr Wright, the Johnson family cook whom LBJ sometimes invoked when arguing that blacks should be allowed to enjoy public services, also felt he was sincere. In a 1974 interview, she recalled how Johnson was always excited when he passed a civil rights bill, and he'd be disappointed if Wright hadn't read about it.
The Johnsons also insisted on taking Wright with them on trips across the South, dangerous business in those days, and they'd challenge establishments' "whites only" policies.
Once on a trip through Memphis, Tennessee, Johnson's wife, Lady Bird, asked at a hotel desk if there were any vacancies, Wright said.
"Yes, we have a place for you," the woman at the desk replied.
"Well, I have these two other people," the first lady responded.
"No. We work 'em, but we don't sleep 'em," came the reply.
"That's a nasty way to be," Lady Bird Johnson said, and the three left to find another hotel.
"Mrs. Johnson always tried to find someplace nice to eat and someplace nice to sleep," Wright said.
Of course, I knew that such discrimination existed throughout the South. We all knew it. But somehow we had deluded ourselves into believing that the black people around us were happy and satisfied; into thinking that the bad and ugly things were going on somewhere else, happening to other people. There was nothing I could say to Gene. His problem was also mine: as a Texan, a Southerner and an American.
メディアでの翻訳を見比べて見るとそれぞれに工夫が見られて面白かったです。後述しますが、YutaはCoalition of the unwillingを見て「乗り気でない同盟国」のようにこれまで同盟国だった欧米同士の連携がうまくいっていないことだと思ったのですが、違いました。その当たりをタイトルだけでもわかるように日本語にしてくれているのは毎日新聞と朝日新聞でしょうか。
日経新聞
地政学的な危険を誘発する「悪い種」（Bad Seeds）
サイバー紛争の本格化
イノベーションの冬
意志なき連合
ロイター
長期的な潜在的リスク分子
熾烈化するサイバー戦争
イノベーション冬の時代
非有志連合
毎日新聞
悪い種
サイバー抗争の激化
イノベーションの冬（停滞）
（リベラルな世界秩序に）反抗的な連合体
朝日新聞
悪い種 米欧政治の混迷、同盟関係の弱体化など
サイバー攻撃 抑止力が利かない問題も露呈へ
技術革新、冬の時代 安保上の懸念などで国際協力が停滞
国際協調に背を向ける指導者たち トルコ、ブラジルなど
さっと見てみます。まずは最初のBad seedsから。
1. Bad seeds
World leaders are so busy dealing with local crises that they’re ignoring much bigger problems down the road. 2019 is the year “bad seeds” are being planted that will eventually threaten the entire global order.
Examples? Political institutions across the world’s advanced democracies, the transatlantic alliance, NATO, the European Union, the G20, the World Trade Organization, U.S.-China, Russia and the West… none of these will explode this year, but every one of them is headed in the wrong direction.
bad seedにはイディオムで「問題児」のような意味があるそうですが、ここでは文字通りの意味の「種」が比喩的に使われています。本文でも後段でExamples?とbad seedsの具体例を挙げてくれています。
a person who is seen as being congenitally disposed to wrongdoing and likely to be a bad influence on others
TIMEでも “bad seeds” are being plantedとあったり、動画でも次のようにあります。ここでは「種」が植物のイメージをベースしていることがわかります。
In 2019 a number of "bad seeds" will put down deeper roots while global leaders are looking elsewhere.
サイトでの詳しい説明でもTHE GEOPOLITICAL DANGERS TAKING SHAPE AROUND THE WORLD will bear fruit in the years to comeとあります。これから種がどんどん成長して危機を引き起こすことを懸念しているようです。
THE GEOPOLITICAL DANGERS TAKING SHAPE AROUND THE WORLD will bear fruit in the years to come. This is the greatest impact of the G-Zero: The world's decision-makers are so consumed with addressing (or failing to address) the daily crises that arise from a world without leadership that they're allowing a broad array of future risks to germinate, with serious consequences for our collective midterm future.
Hackers build new skills, our digital dependency deepens, and there are still no realistic rules of the road to help avoid cyber-conflict. It’s hard to halt an attack. You can’t tell whether it’s a government, a thief, a terrorist or anarchist who’s shooting at you. Your cyber-defenses fast become obsolete. And 2019 will be the year the U.S. government goes on offense. The results are tough to predict.
こちらはThe gloves are offというイディオムから来ているとみていいでしょう。こういう見極めは時に難しいですが、あくまで本文を読んで判断するしかなさそうです。
（ウィズダム）
The gloves are off.
戦う用意はできている.
（オックスフォード）
the gloves are off
used to say that somebody is ready for a fight or an argument
TIMEのコラムでは短すぎるので、2019 will be the year the U.S. government goes on offense. The results are tough to predict.で終わってしまっているので、アメリカ側が攻勢に出るかの印象ですが、サイトでの詳しい説明を読むと各メディアが「本格化」「熾烈化」「激化」と書いたように、抑制の難しさを２点あげて説明しています。国家以外のアクターもいるし、抑止をもろともしない国家もあるので、サイバー戦争はこれからも大変そうです。
In an ideal world, this show of teeth would lead foreign actors to keep their arsenals in check and create a new security equilibrium in which perceptions of US cyber dominance would discourage attacks. That's not going to work—for two reasons.
First, like traditional deterrence, cyber deterrence works best against states. But many of the world's most destructive cyber actors are non-state actors who have less to lose from taking their chances on offense...
Second, even governments won't back down in reaction to Trump's assertive cyber policy...
Donald Trump now has imitators. Italy’s Matteo Salvini and Brazil’s Jair Bolsonaro used a playbook like Trump’s to win an election. Russia’s Vladimir Putin, Turkey’s Recep Erdogan, and North Korea’s Kim Jong-un have tactical reasons to promote the US president. Saudi Arabia’s Mohammed bin Salman and Israel’s Bibi Netanyahu need his support. These leaders don’t salute a common flag, but each will bolster Trump’s challenge to the international status quo.
この説明を読むとトランプ的な指導者が世界各地で登場していて現状の国際秩序を脅かすということですね。サイトではなぜCoalition of the unwillingと呼ぶのか説明してくれています。
Call them the “coalition of the unwilling,” because they won't form an actual alliance—nationalists don't salute a common flag. But for Trump's impact on foreign policy, which is significantly greater than on domestic policy, this group of fellow malcontents can act as a force multiplier. That poses a number of risks.
In the aggregate, this coalition will speed the erosion of the international system. Putin and Salvini have become more mainstream, and greater acceptance boosts their revisionist goals. All these men are unpredictable, which makes geopolitics and investing riskier. Mohammed bin Salman isolated Qatar, disrupted relations with Canada, and—in the opinion of US intelligence—ordered the killing of a prominent critic. All were bolts from the blue. Putin's penchant for the unexpected is also well-documented. And members of this “coalition” all have outsized egos. That means that the need to feed the political base—not the greater good—will play outsized roles in their decision-making.
"Don Shirley goes down south because he chooses to go," Ali tells Shadow and Act about why he doesn't view this film as a white savior film. "He hires (Tony Lip) as a choice," he says, "So he's not really in need of Tony Lip in the way in which we may think of needing that character, usually."
And yet, we don't see Dr. Shirley's story in Green Book without Lip's lens. Without Lip, there is literally no movie. And perhaps that would've been best.
White Savior Filmについてわかりやすく解説してくれているYoutubeがありました。
It’s a pretty serviceable formula. Once a director selects the White Messiah fable, he or she doesn’t have to waste time explaining the plot because everybody knows roughly what’s going to happen.
The formula also gives movies a little socially conscious allure. Audiences like it because it is so environmentally sensitive. Academy Award voters like it because it is so multiculturally aware. Critics like it because the formula inevitably involves the loincloth-clad good guys sticking it to the military- industrial complex.
動画でも引用されていた部分が含まれているところは最後に出てきます。
Still, would it be totally annoying to point out that the whole White Messiah fable, especially as Cameron applies it, is kind of offensive?
It rests on the stereotype that white people are rationalist and technocratic while colonial victims are spiritual and athletic. It rests on the assumption that nonwhites need the White Messiah to lead their crusades. It rests on the assumption that illiteracy is the path to grace. It also creates a sort of two-edged cultural imperialism. Natives can either have their history shaped by cruel imperialists or benevolent ones, but either way, they are going to be supporting actors in our journey to self-admiration.
Robinne Lee, an actress in such recent films as "Seven Pounds" and "Hotel for Dogs," said that "Avatar" was "beautiful" and that she understood the economic logic of casting a white lead if most of the audience is white.
But she said the film, which so far has the second-highest worldwide box-office gross ever, still reminded her of Hollywood's "Pocahontas" story - "the Indian woman leads the white man into the wilderness, and he learns the way of the people and becomes the savior."
"It's really upsetting in many ways," said Lee, who is black with Jamaican and Chinese ancestry. "It would be nice if we could save ourselves."
James Cameronの弁明は以下のようですが、Green Bookの監督の言葉と似通ってしまいますね。
Writer/director Cameron, who is white, said in an e-mail to The Associated Press that his film "asks us to open our eyes and truly see others, respecting them even though they are different, in the hope that we may find a way to prevent conflict and live more harmoniously on this world. I hardly think that is a racist message."
Take a picture like Peter Farrelly’s Green Book, based on a true story, in which a racist, working-class joe (Viggo Mortensen) learns a crucial lesson about racial equality when he drives a cultured, educated musician (Mahershala Ali) through the segregated South of the early 1960s. Early last fall, Oscar prognosticators seemed certain Green Book would be an awards front runner. But after the movie opened to disappointing box-office numbers, its Oscar buzz began to drain away. Some critics have found the film retrograde to the point of being racist. In reality, it’s probably just the kind of outmoded “message” film we feel we’ve outgrown, a work that spells out an antiracism lesson that most Americans don’t think they need to hear (even if some actually do).
As is typical of a Hollywood White Savior Film, Green Book places Dr. Shirley in several dangerous circumstances with racist white men so that Vallelonga can swoop in and save the day. In the process, Vallelonga teaches the world-renowned Black pianist about Black music and how to eat fried chicken.
映画における白人の救世主(英語: white savior)とは、白人が非白人の人々を窮地から救うという定型的な表現である[1]。その表現は、アメリカ合衆国の映画の中で長い歴史がある[2]。白人の救世主は、メシア的な存在として描かれ、救出の過程で自身についてしばしば何かを学ぶ[1]。
（Wikipedia）
White Savior
The term white savior, sometimes combined with savior complex to write white savior complex, refers to a white person who acts to help people of color, with the help in some contexts perceived to be self-serving. The role is considered a modern-day version of what is expressed in the poem "The White Man's Burden" (1899) by Rudyard Kipling.[1] The term has been associated with Africa, and certain characters in film and television have been critiqued as white savior figures. Writer Teju Colecombined the term and industrial complex to coin "White Savior Industrial Complex".
“It was rather jarring,” Edwin shared with Shadow and Act of his first experience seeing this on-screen portrayal of his uncle as a Black man who is estranged from his family, estranged from the Black community and seemingly embarrassed by Blackness.
Never mind that Dr. Shirley was active in the civil rights movement, friends with Dr. King, present for the march in Selma, and close friends with Black musicians—from Nina Simone to Duke Ellington and Sarah Vaughn—Dr. Shirley was also very much a part of his family’s lives.
“Including the cellist and the bassist [he worked with in the Don Shirley Trio],” Patricia said. “It was always a professional employer-employee relationship.”
Beyond that, Maurice added with laugh, “You asked what kind of relationship he had with Tony? He fired Tony! Which is consistent with the many firings he did with all of his chauffeurs over time.”
And some of the reasons why Maurice said Dr. Shirley fired Tony were featured in the film.
“Tony would not open the door, he would not take any bags, he would take his [chauffeur’s] cap off when Donald got out of the car, and several times Donald would find him with the cap off, and confronted him,” Maurice recalled.
Is there a cinematic subgenre more immediately suspect than the race-themed feel-good movie? Films like The Blind Side and The Help—and before those, a too-long list of Oscar winners, from Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner to Driving Miss Daisy—make clear that the audience members meant to be satisfied by these tidy tales, with their white perspectives and white priorities, generally aren’t viewers of color. Even Hidden Figures, which greatly improved upon the subgenre by actually placing black women at the center of their story, shoehorned a (fictional) white savior into its already inspirational retelling of history.
*******
Sparked by Ali and Mortensen’s chemistry, the odd-couple dynamic is winsome if familiar, but racism isn’t just about these kinds of interpersonal relationships. It’s also about institutional power imbalances. That reality chips away at the movie’s lunkhead appeal, particularly given its initial setting in the postwar Bronx, where white flight and cold-hearted city planning would soon leave the borough’s south end a haven for crime and poverty. Friendships between people of different races can bring more joy to the world, but they alone won’t put an end to racism. You can certainly enjoy this heartwarming tale about Tony and Donald as an isolated event, even if it centers on a prejudiced white man granting humanity to an exceptional black man who, by his own admission, shares little in common with his fellow black Americans. But there’s something unseemly about singling out this story, about the seemingly narrow scope of racism and how easily it can be undone. Green Book decries those cultural pockets designed to make white people feel good, often at people of color’s expense. But that’s about all it does, too.
This is a story of the trip that Don Shirley and Tony Vallelonga took in the pre-Civil Rights era of the 1960s. Don Shirley was a great man and under-appreciated genus who couldn't play the music he wanted to play simply because of the color of his skin. Yet he went on to create his own genre of music. It sounds so beautiful that it still resonates today. Tony Vallelonga came from an immigrant family in the Bronx and from a culture that didn't value diversity or individuality, yet during that trip with Dr. Shirley, he grew and evolved more than most families do over several generations.
This story, when I heard it, gave me hope. And I wanted to share that hope with you. Because we're still living in divided times, maybe more so than ever. And that's who this movie is for. It's for everybody. If Don Shirley and Tony Vallelonga can find common ground, we all can. All we have to do is talk and to not judge people by their differences, but look for what we have in common, and we have a lot in common. We all want the same thing. We want love, we want happiness, we want to be treated equally, and that's not such a bad thing. Thank you very much. I appreciate it.
黒人ドライバーのためのグリーン・ブック (The Negro Motorist Green Book または The Negro Traveler's Green Book) は人種隔離政策時代に自動車で旅行するアフリカ系アメリカ人を対象として発行されていた旅行ガイドブックである。書名は創刊者であるヴィクター・H・グリーンに由来し、「グリーンによる黒人ドライバーのためのガイドブック」というほどの意味になる。通常は単に Green Book と呼ばれた (以下本項では便宜的に『グリーン・ブック』とする)。
With the introduction of this travel guide in 1936, it has been our idea to give the Negro traveler information that will keep him from running into difficulties, embarrassments and to make his trips more enjoyable.
The Jewish press has long published information about places that are restricted and there are numerous publications that give the gentile whites all kinds of information. But during these long years of discrimination, before 1936 other guides have been published for the Negro, some are still published, but the majority have gone out of business for various reasons.
There will be a day sometime in the near future when this guide will not have to be published. That is when we as a race will have equal opportunities and privileges in the United States. It will be a great day for us to suspend this publication for then we can go wherever we please, and without embarrassment. But until that time comes we shall continue to publish this information for your convenience each year.
The museum is closed due to the federal government shutdown.
Timed entry pass holders will be emailed instructions on how to reschedule their visit. Please continue to check this site for updates on the museum's operating status, as well as the release of timed entry passes.
The museum is closed due to ...もう閉鎖されてしまっているので動詞closeが現在形になっています。
次の文は文法が苦手な人に読んでみてもらいたいですね。
Timed entry pass holders will be emailed instructions on how to reschedule their visit.
時間指定入場券の保有者は訪問予定の変更方法についてEメールをする予定です。
動詞emailは I e-mailed you the revised contract.のように二つ目的語をとります。TOEICでもこの形は使われています。ジーニアスには丁寧な語法説明がありました。
（ジーニアス）
語法
[受身は可能]
O1, O2を主語にした受身が可能:
Alex was e-mailed an invitation to attend the forum.
アレックスはフォーラムへの招待状をEメールでもらった
Jim's student ID was e-mailed to him.ヅムの学生
番号が本人にEメールで送られてきた
先日の動画ではNational Museum of African American History and Cultureが登場していました。
For some people, just walking on the outside can give you chills.
一部の人にとっては、外を歩くだけでもぞっとすることがあります。
"This is amazing." "The museum is spectacular."
「素晴らしい」 「この博物館は壮大です」
“The closer I got to this building, the more emotional I was feeling”
「この建物に近づいていくと、感情が一層込み上げてきます」
It's Jeanine Little's first time visiting National Museum of African American History and Culture
Jeanine Littleは初めて米国アフリカ系アメリカ人の歴史と文化博物館に訪れました。
“I do feel like there are some parts of me that are in here that are going to really speak to my heart”
「私の一部がこの博物館にあって、私の心に訴えかけてくるように感じるのです」
For her husband, Gilbert Little, works here. “This is deep down in my soul.”
the journey across the Atlantic by ship as part of the slave trade. Ships travelled from Britain to Africa, where the slaves were bought and then taken to be sold in America or the West Indies. Conditions on the journey were terrible and many slaves died during it. note at slavery
（Wikipedia）
ミドル・パッセージ（英語: The Middle Passage）とは、大西洋間奴隷貿易において、アフリカの黒人奴隷たちを奴隷船に乗せて南北両アメリカ大陸へと運んだ道筋を指す言葉である。何百万人ものアフリカの人々が「ミドル・パッセージ」を通って、南北両アメリカ大陸へと船上輸送された。
There are a hundred and seventy-eight laws that differentiate on the basis of sex. Women can't work overtime. We have to get credit cards in our husband's name. We’re not allowed to fly, and we’re not allowed to work in mines.
RUTH BADER GINSBURG: I would like to think so, but I certainly was given a tremendous boost into the public arena by the Notorious R.B.G.
When I was asked about it, I said, well, it's exactly right, because Notorious B.I.G. and I had something in common?
You did? What? We were both born and bred in Brooklyn, New York.
亡くなった旦那さんが彼女の中で今も生き続けているというところで、 present tense presence in your life.と表現されていました。彼女の反応も素晴らしいですね。
2分50秒あたりから
GWEN IFILL: Just the way you write about, speak about Marty, it's almost like a present tense presence in your life.
RUTH BADER GINSBURG: He will be present in my life as long as I live. I have his portrait in my bedroom. And I look at it and say, "You would probably like what I am doing now."
If the current U.S. federal government shutdown, which began Dec. 22, continues past Jan. 1, all Smithsonian museums and the National Zoo will close, effective Jan. 2.
The Smithsonian has been using prior-year funds to remain open to the public through Jan. 1. If the federal-funding lapse continues, all Smithsonian museums and the National Zoo will close Wednesday, Jan. 2, 2019. This announcement will be updated as needed.
文構造は単純ですが従属節の主語が長かったりするのがちょっと厄介でしょうか。government shutdown ... continues past Jan. 1と前置詞pastが使われています。TOEICでも以下のような時間と場所を示す使われ方がありました。
If the #GovernmentShutdown continues beyond Jan. 1, all Smithsonian museums, research centers and the National Zoo will be closed starting Jan. 2. We will update our operating status as soon as the situation is resolved.
Many of America’s national treasures and hundreds of animals are being blocked from the public after all Smithsonian museums and the National Zoo temporarily closed.
Author: Michael Quander
Published: 5:58 PM EST January 1, 2019
動画では夫妻がHow quickly are you hoping the government decision?という質問に対し、TomorrowとかYesterdayとか答えていました。これからのことを聞いているのにYesterdayという答えはおかしい感じもしますが、もっと早く解決すべきだということを言いたいんですよね。日常ではこういうやり取りはありふれていますから、TOEICのパート2の変化球対策をあえてする必要はないんですが、問題はこのような日常的なやり取りに英語学習の中でどのように触れるかなんでしょうね。
