Posted at 2014.08.12 Category : 読書報告
黄禍論についてはWikipediaが詳しく説明してくれていました。
（Wikipedia）
黄禍論（おうかろん / こうかろん、独: gelbe Gefahr、英語: Yellow peril）とは、19世紀半ばから20世紀前半にかけてヨーロッパ・北アメリカ・オーストラリアなどの白人国家において現れた、黄色人種脅威論。人種差別の一種。フランスでは1896年の時点でこの言葉の使用が確認されており、ドイツ帝国の皇帝ヴィルヘルム2世が広めた寓意画「ヨーロッパの諸国民よ、汝らの最も神聖な宝を守れ！（ドイツ語版）」によって世界に流布した[1]。日清戦争に勝利した日本に対して、ロシア・ドイツ・フランスが自らの三国干渉を正当化するために浴びせた人種差別政策で、続く日露戦争の日本勝利で欧州全体に広まった[2]。
*****
反論
岡倉天心はその英字論文で、"White Disaster（白禍）"という言葉を挙げ、軍隊とキリスト教の宣教活動を伴った西洋の帝国主義が他国の生活文化を侵蝕していると非難した。これは欧州でも読まれ、日本でも『東洋の覚醒（日本の覚醒）』として出版され
昨年没後100年だった岡倉天心の著作The Awakening of Japanは電子書籍として読むことができます。本当に便利な世の中になったものです。"White Disaster（白禍）"は一つの章になっています。
THE WHITE DISASTER
TO MOST Eastern nations the advent of the West has been by no means an unmixed blessing. Thinking to welcome the benefits of increased commerce, they have become the victims of foreign imperialism; believing in the philanthropic aims of Christian missionaries, they have bowed before the messengers of military aggression. For them the earth is no longer filled with that peace which pillowed their contentment. If the guilty conscience of some European nations has conjured up the specter of a Yellow Peril, may not the suffering soul of Asia wail over the realities of the White Disaster.
JAPAN AND PEACEという最後の章でもYellow Perilと絡めて再度、西洋の帝国主義を非難しています。
Who speaks of the Yellow Peril? The idea that China might, with the aid of Japan, hurl her hosts against Europe would be too absurd even to notice were it not for those things from which attention is drawn by the utterance. It may not, perhaps, be generally known that the expression " Yellow Peril " was first coined in Germany when she was preparing to annex the coast of Shantung. Naturally, therefore, we become suspicious when Russia takes up the cry at the very moment when she is tightening the grasp of her mailed hand on Manchuria and Korea. （中略）This cry of a Yellow Peril must, indeed, sound ironical to the Chinese, who, through their traditional policy of non-resistance, are even now suffering in the throes of the White Disaster.
最後の締めでも好戦的なのは西洋の方ではないかと訴えています。この当たりの主張は現在の中東の人々も共感を持って読んでくれるかもしれません。
When will wars cease? In the West international morality remains far below the standard to which individual morality has attained. Aggressive nations have no conscience, and all chivalry is forgotten in the persecution of weaker races. He who has not the courage and the strength to defend himself is bound to be enslaved. It is sad for us to contemplate that our truest friend is still the sword. What mean these strange combinations which Europe displays, - the hospital and the torpedo, the Christian missionary and imperialism, the maintenance of vast armaments as a guarantee of peace? Such contradictions did not exist in the ancient civilization of the East. Such were not the ideals of the Japanese Restoration, such is not the goal of her reformation. The night of the Orient, which had hidden us in its folds, has been lifted, but we find the world still in the dusk of humanity. Europe has taught us war; when shall she learn the blessings of peace?
一方で、彼の言う「平和」は軍事力で守るものという主張になっている感じがしました。韓国併合や日清戦争、日露戦争を自国防衛の観点から弁護しているのです。
Our relations with China and Korea since the Restoration of 1868 are strikingly illustrative of our traditional policy of peace and non-aggression. When we emerged from our sleep of three centuries international conditions were changed indeed! Events were taking place in Asia which threatened our very existence. No Eastern nation could hope to maintain its independence unless it was able to defend itself from outside attack. （中略）
Under these circumstances, we are compelled to regard our ancient domain of Korea as lying within our lines of legitimate national defense. It was when the independence of the peninsula was threatened by China in 1894 that we were compelled to go to war with the latter country. It was for this same independence that we fought Russia in 1904.
（Wikipedia）
黄禍論（おうかろん / こうかろん、独: gelbe Gefahr、英語: Yellow peril）とは、19世紀半ばから20世紀前半にかけてヨーロッパ・北アメリカ・オーストラリアなどの白人国家において現れた、黄色人種脅威論。人種差別の一種。フランスでは1896年の時点でこの言葉の使用が確認されており、ドイツ帝国の皇帝ヴィルヘルム2世が広めた寓意画「ヨーロッパの諸国民よ、汝らの最も神聖な宝を守れ！（ドイツ語版）」によって世界に流布した[1]。日清戦争に勝利した日本に対して、ロシア・ドイツ・フランスが自らの三国干渉を正当化するために浴びせた人種差別政策で、続く日露戦争の日本勝利で欧州全体に広まった[2]。
*****
反論
岡倉天心はその英字論文で、"White Disaster（白禍）"という言葉を挙げ、軍隊とキリスト教の宣教活動を伴った西洋の帝国主義が他国の生活文化を侵蝕していると非難した。これは欧州でも読まれ、日本でも『東洋の覚醒（日本の覚醒）』として出版され
 | The Awakening of Japan (2014/03/18) Kakuzo Okakura 商品詳細を見る |
昨年没後100年だった岡倉天心の著作The Awakening of Japanは電子書籍として読むことができます。本当に便利な世の中になったものです。"White Disaster（白禍）"は一つの章になっています。
THE WHITE DISASTER
TO MOST Eastern nations the advent of the West has been by no means an unmixed blessing. Thinking to welcome the benefits of increased commerce, they have become the victims of foreign imperialism; believing in the philanthropic aims of Christian missionaries, they have bowed before the messengers of military aggression. For them the earth is no longer filled with that peace which pillowed their contentment. If the guilty conscience of some European nations has conjured up the specter of a Yellow Peril, may not the suffering soul of Asia wail over the realities of the White Disaster.
JAPAN AND PEACEという最後の章でもYellow Perilと絡めて再度、西洋の帝国主義を非難しています。
Who speaks of the Yellow Peril? The idea that China might, with the aid of Japan, hurl her hosts against Europe would be too absurd even to notice were it not for those things from which attention is drawn by the utterance. It may not, perhaps, be generally known that the expression " Yellow Peril " was first coined in Germany when she was preparing to annex the coast of Shantung. Naturally, therefore, we become suspicious when Russia takes up the cry at the very moment when she is tightening the grasp of her mailed hand on Manchuria and Korea. （中略）This cry of a Yellow Peril must, indeed, sound ironical to the Chinese, who, through their traditional policy of non-resistance, are even now suffering in the throes of the White Disaster.
最後の締めでも好戦的なのは西洋の方ではないかと訴えています。この当たりの主張は現在の中東の人々も共感を持って読んでくれるかもしれません。
When will wars cease? In the West international morality remains far below the standard to which individual morality has attained. Aggressive nations have no conscience, and all chivalry is forgotten in the persecution of weaker races. He who has not the courage and the strength to defend himself is bound to be enslaved. It is sad for us to contemplate that our truest friend is still the sword. What mean these strange combinations which Europe displays, - the hospital and the torpedo, the Christian missionary and imperialism, the maintenance of vast armaments as a guarantee of peace? Such contradictions did not exist in the ancient civilization of the East. Such were not the ideals of the Japanese Restoration, such is not the goal of her reformation. The night of the Orient, which had hidden us in its folds, has been lifted, but we find the world still in the dusk of humanity. Europe has taught us war; when shall she learn the blessings of peace?
一方で、彼の言う「平和」は軍事力で守るものという主張になっている感じがしました。韓国併合や日清戦争、日露戦争を自国防衛の観点から弁護しているのです。
Our relations with China and Korea since the Restoration of 1868 are strikingly illustrative of our traditional policy of peace and non-aggression. When we emerged from our sleep of three centuries international conditions were changed indeed! Events were taking place in Asia which threatened our very existence. No Eastern nation could hope to maintain its independence unless it was able to defend itself from outside attack. （中略）
Under these circumstances, we are compelled to regard our ancient domain of Korea as lying within our lines of legitimate national defense. It was when the independence of the peninsula was threatened by China in 1894 that we were compelled to go to war with the latter country. It was for this same independence that we fought Russia in 1904.
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